This is a list of the etymology of street names in the London district ofWestminster . The Westminster area (as distinct from theCouncil area) has no formally defined boundaries - those utilised here are the generally accepted boundaries of: The Mall and Northumberland Avenue to the north, the river Thames and Victoria Embankment/Millbank to the east, Vauxhall Bridge Road to the south and Buckingham Gate, Buckingham Palace Road and Bressenden Place to the west. For convenience Constitution Hill and Spur Road in theRoyal Parks , and the area around theWellington Arch , are included here, as are the streets in theLeicester Square area.
Abbey Orchard Street – after a former orchard here attached to St Peter's Abbey[ 1] [ 2] Abingdon Street – afterJames Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon who owned a house on Dean's Yard in the 17th century[ 3] [ 4] Ambrosden Avenue –unknown [ 5] Apsley Way – after the adjacentApsley House , originally built forHenry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst (Lord Apsley), later the residence of the Dukes of Wellington[ 6] [ 7] Arneway Street – after Thomas Arneway, former benefactor to the local parish's poor[ 8] [ 9] Artillery Place and Artillery Row – after a former nearby artillery practice ground of the 19th century[ 8] [ 10] Ashley Place – thought to be afterAnthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury , Victorian politician and philanthropist[ 11] Atterbury Street – afterFrancis Atterbury , Dean of Westminster in 1713[ 12] [ 13] Barton Street – after 18th century actorBarton Booth , who also attended Westminster School[ 14] [ 15] Bennett's Yard – after Thomas Bennett, 17th century local resident[ 16] Bessborough Gardens – afterJohn Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough and later Baron Duncannon of Bessborough[ 17] [ 18] Birdcage Walk – after the aviaries that were formerly part ofSt James's Park [ 19] [ 20] Bloomburg Street – after Dr Blomberg, Domestic Chaplain toGeorge IV [ 13] Bressenden Place – this street was built in 1962, replacing a small line of shops called Bressenden Row; the origin of the name is unknown[ 21] Brewer's Green – after William Brewer, 17th century gardener here[ 22] Bridge Street – presumably as it leads toWestminster Bridge [ 23] Broad Sanctuary, Little Sanctuary and The Sanctuary – after the former nearby St Peter's Sanctuary which offered refuge for those accused of crime[ 24] [ 25] Broadway – self-explanatory; it was formerly Broad Place[ 24] [ 26] Buckingham Gate , Buckingham Mews, Buckingham Place,Buckingham Palace Road , Palace Place and Palace Street – all named by association withBuckingham Palace , originally built forJohn Sheffield , Duke of Buckingham[ 27] [ 28] Bulinga Street – after Bulinga Fen, formerly here in Saxon times[ 29] [ 30] Butler Place – after Nicholas Butler, who built (now demolished) almshouses here in 1675[ 31] Canon Row – after the canons of St Stephen's, the chapel in the formerPalace of Westminster , founded in the 12th century[ 32] [ 33] Cardinal Walk – presumably by association with the adjacentWestminster Cathedral Carey Place – after William Carey, headmaster of Westminster School 1803-14[ 34] [ 13] Carlisle Place – afterGeorge William Frederick Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle , Viscount Morpeth, who was chiefly responsible for local development in the 1850s[ 34] [ 35] Carteret Street – after Sir Edward de Carteret, local 17th century landowner[ 36] [ 37] Castle Lane – after a former inn of this name that stood here[ 38] [ 39] Cathedral Walk – as it leads toWestminster Cathedral Catherine Place –unknown [ 40] Causton Street – after Thomas Causton, Canon at Westminster[ 13] Caxton Street – afterWilliam Caxton , creator of the first English printing press in 1476[ 41] [ 42] Chadwick Street – after Hannah Chadwick, who left money to local schools in her will[ 43] [ 42] Chapter Street – as the land belonged to the Dean and Chapter ofWestminster Abbey [ 13] Charing Cross – after theEleanor cross at Charing, from the Old English word "cierring", referring to a bend in theRiver Thames [ 44] [ 45] Coburg Place Cockpit Steps – after a former cock fighting ring on this site[ 46] [ 47] Constitutional Hill – obtained its name in the 17th century from KingCharles II 's habit of taking "constitutional" walks there. In Strype's Map, 1720, it is marked "Road to Kensington". In John Smith's map of 1724, it is called "Constitution Hill"[ 48] [ 49] Cowley Street – after 18th century actorBarton Booth , who also owned land atCowley in Middlesex[ 14] [ 15] Craig's Court – after Joseph Craig, who built this Court in the 1600s[ 50] [ 51] Cureton Street – afterWilliam Cureton , noted Orientalist and canon of Westminster 1849-64[ 52] [ 13] Dacre Street – afterJoan Dacre, 7th Baroness Dacre , who lived in a house on this site in the 15th century[ 53] [ 54] Dartmouth Street – afterWilliam Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth , Lord Privy Seal in the 1710s and local resident[ 55] [ 56] Dean Bradley Street – afterGeorge Granville Bradley , Dean of Westminster 1881-1902[ 55] [ 13] Dean Farrar Street – after Frederick William Farrar, rector ofSt Margaret's, Westminster and a canon at Westminster in the late 19th century[ 55] [ 13] Dean Ryle Street – after SirHerbert Edward Ryle , Dean of Westminster 1911-25[ 55] [ 13] Dean Stanley Street – afterArthur Penrhyn Stanley , Dean of Westminster 1864-81[ 57] [ 13] Dean Trench Street – afterRichard Chenevix Trench , Dean of Westminster 1856-64[ 57] [ 13] Dean's Yard and Little Dean's Yard – location of the Dean of Westminster's house[ 57] [ 13] Derby Gate – after William, Lord Derby, who built a mansion on this site in the early 17th century[ 58] [ 59] Douglas Street – after William Douglas, Canon at Westminster[ 13] Downing Street – afterSir George Downing, 1st Baronet , local landowner of the 17th century[ 60] [ 61] Duke of Wellington Place – after the adjacentApsley House , originally built forHenry Bathurst, 2nd Earl Bathurst (Lord Apsley), later the residence of the Dukes of Wellington[ 62] [ 7] Elizabeth Court Elverton Street –unknown [ 63] Emery Hill Street – after Emery Hill, benefactor to local charities[ 64] [ 63] Erasmus Street – after Dutch scholarDesiderius Erasmus , who moved to London in 1498[ 65] [ 13] Esterbrooke Street –unknown [ 66] Francis Street – after Francis Wilcox, local 19th century landowner; formerly Francis Place[ 67] [ 68] Fynes Street – afterCharles John Fynes Clinton , who was educated at Westminster School[ 13] Gayfere Street – afterThomas Gayfere , mason, who worked onWestminster Abbey in the early 19th century[ 69] [ 13] Great College Street, College Mews and Little College Street – afterWestminster School , formerly known as St Peter's College, Westminster[ 70] [ 71] Great George Street andLittle George Street – after eitherGeorge II , reigning king when the street was built in 1750[ 70] or a former inn here called The George[ 71] Great Peter Street – afterSt Peter , patron ofWestminster Abbey [ 72] [ 13] Great Scotland Yard and Scotland Place – site of a house used by visiting monarchs ofScotland until the 13th century[ 72] Great Smith Street and Little Smith Street – after John Smith, circa 1700 builder of these streets[ 72] [ 73] Greencoat Place and Greencoat Row – after the Green Coat School which formerly stood here, named for the colour of the school's uniform, demolished 1877[ 74] [ 75] Greycoat Place and Greycoat Street – after the Grey Coat School for Children which moved here in 1701[ 76] [ 77] Hatherley Street – afterWilliam Page Wood, 1st Baron Hatherley , Victorian era politician and local resident[ 78] [ 79] Herrick Street – afterRobert Herrick , 17th century poet[ 80] [ 81] Hide Place –unknown [ 81] Horseferry Road – after a ferry that carries passengers and their horses over to the Thames near here, prior to the construction ofLambeth Bridge [ 82] [ 83] Horse Guards Avenue andHorse Guards Road – after the quarters of the Horse Guards, established on Whitehall in 1663[ 82] [ 83] Howick Place – thought to be named forHowick Cross ,Lancashire [ 84] John Islip Street – afterJohn Islip , Abbot of Westminster in Tudor times[ 85] [ 13] King Charles Street – afterCharles II reigning monarch when the street was built in 1682[ 86] King's Scholars’ Passage – after the King's Scholars ofWestminster School [ 87] [ 13] Lewisham Street – afterWilliam Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth , Viscount Lewisham, Lord Privy Seal in the 1710s and local resident[ 55] [ 88] Lord North Street – originally just North Street, as led north fromSmith Square , however this was altered in 1936 to commemorateLord North , Prime Minister 1770–82, so as to avoid confusion with similarly name streets[ 89] The Mall – built as a course for playing the game pall mall, fashionable in the 17th century[ 90] [ 91] Marsham Street – after Sir Robert Marsham, who inherited this land from Sir Richard Tufton in the 17th century[ 92] [ 93] Matthew Parker Street – afterMatthew Parker , archbishop of Canterbury 1559–75; it was formerly Bennett Street, asCorpus Christi College, Cambridge (nicknamed Bennett College) owned land here[ 94] [ 95] Maunsel Street – after John Maunsel (or Mansell), local 13th century landowner and adviser to KingHenry III [ 94] [ 96] Medway Street – after the Medway in the Diocese of Rochester, where the deans of Westminster were bishops from 1663 – 1802[ 97] [ 13] Millbank – derives its name from awatermill owned byWestminster Abbey that once stood at a site close to present dayCollege Green .[ 98] [ 99] [ 100] Monck Street – after Henry Monck, 18th century benefactor to the local parish[ 101] [ 102] Montaigne Close Morpeth Terrace – afterGeorge William Frederick Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle , Viscount Morpeth, who was chiefly responsible for local development in the 1850s[ 34] [ 35] Northumberland Avenue andNorthumberland Street – site of the former Northumberland House, built originally in the early 17th century for the earls of Northampton and later acquired by the earls of Northumberland[ 103] [ 104] Old Palace Yard – after the former Old Palace of Westminster, where the Houses of Parliament now stand[ 105] [ 106] Old Pye Street – afterRobert Pye , local MP in the mid-17th century[ 105] [ 106] Old Queen Street – as it approaches Queen Anne's Gate,[ 105] or possibly afterElizabeth I ; it was formerly just Queen Street[ 107] Osbert Street – after Osbert of Clare, Suffolk, prior of the abbey of St Peter's, Westminster in the 1130s[ 108] [ 13] Page Street – after William Page, head of Westminster School 1814-19[ 109] [ 13] Palmer Street – after the Reverend James Palmer, who founded (now demolished) almshouses near here in 1656[ 110] [ 22] Parliament Square and Parliament Street – after theHouses of Parliament [ 111] Perkin's Rents – after a local landlord by the name of Perkin, recorded in the late 17th century[ 112] [ 113] Petty France – after a small French settlement that existed here in the 16th century[ 114] [ 115] Pine Apple Court – after a former inn here of this name[ 116] Ponsonby Place and Ponsonby Terrace – afterJohn Ponsonby, 5th Earl of Bessborough and later Baron Duncannon of Bessborough[ 17] [ 18] Queen Anne's Gate – as it leads to the gate of the same name, named forQueen Anne , entering intoSt James's Park [ 117] [ 118] Rampayne Street – after Charles Rampayne, benefactor to local poor schools and hospitals, Mr Rampayne[ 119] [ 120] Regency Place and Regency Street – as it was opened by George, Prince Regent (later KingGeorge IV ) in 1811[ 121] [ 122] Richmond Terrace – after a house owned by the dukes of Richmond which formerly stood on this site in the 17th and 18th centuries[ 123] [ 124] Rochester Row and Rochester Street – after the Diocese of Rochester, where the deans of Westminster were bishops from 1663 – 1802[ 125] [ 126] Romney Street – after Robert, Baron Romney, son of local landowner Sir Robert Marsham[ 92] [ 93] Rutherford Street – after Reverend William Rutherford, Headmaster ofWestminster School 1883-1901[ 127] [ 13] St Ann's Lane and St Ann's Street – after a former chapel dedicated toSt Anne that formerly stood here[ 128] [ 129] St Ermin's Hill – thought to be a corruption of Hermit Hill, or possibly after St Ermin/Armel , 6th century monk[ 130] St James’ Court – St Margaret Street – after the nearbySt Margaret's, Westminster [ 131] St Matthew Street – afterSt Matthew's Church, Westminster ; it was formerly Duck Lane, as ducks were reared here[ 132] [ 133] St Oswulf Street – as this area was formerly part of theOssulstone hundred ofMiddlesex ; Oswulf was Saxon-era chief here[ 134] Seaforth Place – after Seaforth in Scotland, by association with theLondon Scottish (regiment) formerly bases nearby[ 135] Smith Square – after the local 18th century landowner Sir James Smith[ 136] [ 73] Spenser Street – after the poetEdmund Spenser , who lived nearby[ 137] [ 13] Spring Gardens – after the 17th century pleasure grounds of this name which formerly lay on this site; they were closed in 1660[ 138] [ 139] Spur Road Stafford Place – after Viscount Stafford, who lived in a house adjacent in the 17th century[ 140] [ 141] Stanford Street –unknown [ 142] Stillington Street – afterRobert Stillington , Bishop of Bath in the 15th century[ 143] [ 13] Storey's Gate – after 17th century St James's Park birdkeeper Edward Storey, who had a house near here[ 144] [ 145] Strutton Ground – corruption of ‘Stourton’, from Stourton House where the local Dacre family lived[ 146] [ 147] Thirleby Road – afterThomas Thirlby , Bishop of Westminster 1540-50[ 148] [ 13] Thorney Street – afterThorney Island , a formereyot in the Thames[ 148] [ 149] Tothill Street – uncertain; the street formerly led to Tothill Fields, thought to be from 'tote hill' meaning a look-out hill[ 150] [ 151] Tufton Street – after its 17th century builder Sir Richard Tufton[ 92] [ 93] Udall Street – afterNicholas Udall , 16th century playwright and headmaster ofWestminster School [ 152] [ 13] Vandon Passage and Vandon Street – after Cornelius Vandon, 16th century yeoman of the guard who founded almshouses for the poor on adjacent Petty France[ 152] [ 153] Vane Street – afterSir Henry Vane the Younger , prominent ally of Cromwell in the Civil War period; Vane was a pupil at the nearbyWestminster School [ 152] [ 13] Vauxhall Bridge Road – as it approachesVauxhall Bridge [ 154] [ 155] Victoria Embankment – afterQueen Victoria , reigning queen at the time of the building of theThames Embankment [ 156] [ 157] Victoria Street – afterQueen Victoria , reigning monarch when the street was built in 1850-51[ 156] [ 157] Vincent Square and Vincent Street – afterWilliam Vincent , Dean of Westminster 1803-15 and headmaster ofWestminster School ; the square was originally a recreation ground for the school[ 158] [ 13] Walcott Street – after Reverend MEC Walcott, curate of theSt Margaret's, Westminster in the 1840s[ 159] [ 160] Warwick Row – after Henry Wise, local 18th century landowner and gardener toWilliam III , who owned land inWarwickshire [ 161] Whitehall , Whitehall Court, Whitehall Gardens and Whitehall Place – after the formerPalace of Whitehall on this site, destroyed by fire in 1698[ 162] [ 163] Wilcox Place – after Francis Wilcox, local 19th century landowner[ 67] Wilfred Street – originally William Street, after Viscount Stafford, who lived in a house adjacent in the 17th century[ 139] Willow Place – after the willow trees that were formerly common here[ 164] [ 165] Windsor Place – after the Windsor Castle pub formerly located here[ 166] Leicester Square area [ edit ] The streets around Leicester Square do not neatly fall into one of the surrounding areas and are thus dealt with here for convenience. The boundaries utilised here are: Coventry Street, the northern side of Leicester Square and Cranbourn Street to the north, Charing Cross Road and St Martin's Place to the east, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross and Cockspur Street to the south and Haymarket to the west.
Bear Street – unknown, though possibly from a former pub on this street called The Bear, or possibly after Augustine Beare, a glazier who worked near here[ 167] [ 168] or perhaps the heraldic device of the Earls of Leicester[ 169] Charing Cross andCharing Cross Road – built 1887, and named as it led to the cross at Charing, from the Old English word "cierring", referring to a bend in theRiver Thames [ 44] [ 170] [ 171] Cockspur Street – unknown, though possibly after thecock fighting that formerly occurred here, cocks often having spurs attached to their feet during fights[ 47] Coventry Street – afterHenry Coventry , Secretary of State toCharles II , who lived near here in Shaver's Hall[ 172] [ 173] Cranbourn Alley andCranbourn Street – built in the 1670s and named after local landowner the Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranbourn (or Cranbourne) after thetown in Dorset[ 174] [ 51] Excel Court – after Excel House, 1930s office block located here[ 175] Haymarket – site of a former market selling hay until the 1830s[ 176] [ 169] [ 177] Hobhouse Court – after Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Victorian MP and arts patron[ 178] Hunt's Court – after Samuel Hunt, local carpenter and leaseholder in the 17th century[ 179] Irving Street – afterHenry Irving , popular Victorian actor; the street was originally named Green Street, as it led to a bowling green near Leicester Square[ 180] [ 181] Leicester Square – the square was home toLeicester House in the 17th and 18th centuries, the town house ofRobert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester and of successive Princes of Wales; Leicester Court was formerly Ryder Court, after local leaseholder Richard Ryder – it was renamed in 1936[ 182] [ 183] Long's Court Orange Street – after theWilliam III , Prince of Orange, reigning king when thus street was built. The western section between Haymarket and St Martin's Street was formerly called James Street, afterJames II [ 184] Oxendon Street – after Sir Henry Oxendon, husband of Mary Baker, daughter of Robert Baker who built the former Piccadilly House nearby[ 185] [ 186] Pall Mall East – laid out as a grounds for playing pall mall in the 17th century[ 110] [ 187] Panton Street – after ColonelThomas Panton , local property dealer of the 17th century[ 110] [ 188] St Martin's Place and St Martin's Street – both named afterSt Martin-in-the-Fields church[ 189] [ 190] Shaver's Place – after Simon Osbaldeston, who built a gaming house here in the early 17th century. As Osbaldeston was formerly barber to Lord Chamberlain, local wits coined this name in jest at the ‘shaving’ going on at the games house[ 191] [ 192] Suffolk Place and Suffolk Street – after Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, who owned a stable yard attached to Northumberland House which lay on this site[ 146] [ 147] Swiss Court – after theSwiss Centre that formerly stood here Trafalgar Square – in commemoration ofHoratio Nelson ’s 1805 victory at theBattle of Trafalgar [ 193] [ 194] Whitcomb Court and Whitcomb Street – after William Whitcomb, 17th century brewer and property developer[ 195] ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p1 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 14.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p2 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 15.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 23.^ Fairfield 1972 , p. 26-7. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFairfield1972 (help ) ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 116.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p12 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 26-7.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 27.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 29.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p15 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Bebbington 1972 , p. 79-81.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p22 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 37.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 44.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p29 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 46.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p31 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 47-8.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 55.^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 246.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 57.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p43 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 294-5.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 59.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p46 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 62.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p48 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 63.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p52 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p56 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 71.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p58 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 73.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p59 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 74.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p60 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 75.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 76.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p62 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 77.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p63 ^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p65 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 81.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p76 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 93.^ Wheatley, Henry Benjamin.London Past and Present: Its History, Associations, and Traditions . 1891, p. 452. ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 96.^ "British History Online – Harrington House, Craig's Court" . Retrieved12 October 2017 .^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 101.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p89 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p91 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 107.^a b c d e Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p93 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 108.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p94 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p96 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 110-1.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p101 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 114.^ Fairfield 1972 , p. 104. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFairfield1972 (help ) ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 123.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p111 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p112 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 125.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p125 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 136.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p130 ^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p141 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 150.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p142 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 152.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p143 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 154.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p145 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 155.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p155 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 167.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p159 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 172.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p164 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 178.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 22.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p172 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 189.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p182 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 199.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 205.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p204 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 210.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p208 ^a b c Bebbington 1972 , p. 214.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p209 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 216.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 217.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p210 ^ Griffiths, Arthur (1875).Memorials of Millbank, and Chapters in Prison History, Volume 1 . London: Henry S. King & Co. p. 29. ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p214 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 220.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p216 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 222.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p229 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 236.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p234 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 240.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 241.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p236 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p238 ^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p239 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 249.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p245 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 252.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p246 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 254.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 257.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p258 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 268.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p262 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 270.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p265 ^ Bebbington 1973 , p. 274. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBebbington1973 (help ) ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p266 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 276.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p268 ^ Bebbington 1983 , p. 79-81. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBebbington1983 (help ) ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p274 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p276 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 283.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p277 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 289.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p283 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 291.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 292.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 296.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p298 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p300 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p301 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 308.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p302 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 309.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 310.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p305 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p306 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 312.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p307 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 314.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p314 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 320.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p318 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 324.^a b c Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p326 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 330.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p337 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 331.^a b Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p328 ^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 332.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p329 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p331 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 335.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p311 ^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p340 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 345-6.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p343 ^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 348.^ Bebbington 1972 , p. 349.^ Fairfield, S.The Streets of London – A dictionary of the names and their origins , p25 ^ "British History Online – Upper St. Martin's Lane and Cranbourn Street Area: Salisbury Estate" . Retrieved12 October 2017 .^a b Bebbington 1972 , p. 38.^ "Charing Cross – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" . library.eb.co.uk. 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Street name etymologies of London