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Stauning Alps

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Coordinates:72°0′N25°0′W / 72.000°N 25.000°W /72.000; -25.000

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mountain range in Greenland

This article is about the mountain system. For the highest point, seeDansketinden.

Stauning Alps
Stauning Alper
One of the massive ranges at the southern end of the Stauning Alps viewed from theNordvestfjord
Highest point
Peak	Dansketinden
Elevation	2,842 m (9,324 ft)
Dimensions
Length	120 km (75 mi) N/S
Width	50 km (31 mi) E/W
Area	6,000 km² (2,300 sq mi)
Geography
Stauning Alps
Country	Greenland
Range coordinates	72°0′N25°0′W / 72.000°N 25.000°W /72.000; -25.000
Geology
Rock type	Metamorphic rock^[1]

TheStauning Alps (Danish:Stauning Alper)^[2] are a large system ofmountain ranges inScoresby Land,King Christian X Land, northeasternGreenland. Administratively the Stauning Alps are part of theNortheast Greenland National Park zone.

This mountainous area was named after Danish politicianThorvald Stauning (1873–1942) who had helped to finance expeditions to east Greenland planned and carried out by Danish explorers.^[3]

History

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The Stauning Alps had been partly mapped earlier and namedRink Bjerge byLauge Koch’s 1926–27 expeditions, being referred to as a "wild and jagged range of mountains." The range thus described obviously corresponded to the eastern end of the Stauning Alps and the adjacentWerner Range, but the name was not approved owing to the lack of detailed maps. Finally the range was thoroughly surveyed and mapped in 1932 by Koch during aerial surveys made during the1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland.^[3]

There is almost full documentation of climbing in the Stauning Alps by the successive expeditions having visited the mountain system. Most of the available climbing reports have either been published or deposited in the archives of theDanish Polar Center (DPC), theRoyal Geographical Society of London (RGS) or theBritish Mountaineering Council (BMC).^[3]

Dansketinden, the highest point of the Stauning Alps was first climbed bySwiss mountaineers John Haller (1927–1984), Wolfgang Diehl (1908–1990) and Fritz Schwarzenbach on 5 August 1954.^[4] The second ascent was made by a 1964 Italian expedition led byGuido Monzino (1928 – 1988).^[3]

Geography

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The Stauning Alps are bound to the north by theKing Oscar Fjord and itsSegelsällskapet Fjord branch, to the east by theSkel Valley, theSchuchert Flod river and theHolger Danske Briller lakes, to the west by theAlpefjord —a branch of the Segelsällskapet Fjord beyond which liesNathorst Land— and theBorgbjerg Glacier, and to the south by a part of theNordvestfjord, the NW branch of theScoresby Sound.

The range is very rugged with numerous high rocky peaks and activeglaciers in almost all valleys. It is made up ofgranite, harder in the northern than in the southern subranges. Therefore, the mountains in the north of the Stauning Alps are generally morecraggy, while those in the south are moreeroded and have a relatively smoother appearance.^[5]

The whole area of this vast range system is an uninhabited, desolate mountainous expanse. The nearest settlement isIttoqqortoormiit and the nearest airfields areNerlerit Inaat Airport atConstable Point to the east andMestersvig to the north.^[6] Access to the range requires a special permit.^[7]

Subranges and other features

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TheMurchison Range(Murchison Bjerge) (72°18′N25°0′W / 72.300°N 25.000°W /72.300; -25.000) is a subrange located in the northwestern area of the Stauning Alps that was named after Scottish geologistRoderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871). It stretches between theSedgwick Glacier and theAlpefjord.^[8]

TheSyltoppene (72°20′N24°33′W / 72.333°N 24.550°W /72.333; -24.550) are a mountain ridge with needle-like summits at the northern end of the Stauning Alps that was named byA.G. Nathorst in 1899.^[9]Satan's Gallery (72°4′N25°7′W / 72.067°N 25.117°W /72.067; -25.117) is a ridge with a series of formidable peaks NNE ofKorsspids and south of theGully Glacier that was named by the 1963Cambridge University Expedition.^[3]

TheAlliance Col is a 2,250 m highmountain pass named by the 1992 Scottish Stauning Alps Expedition.^[3]

Mountains

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The Stauning Alps have a big concentration of mountains higher than 2,700 metres (8,860 ft). The highest point isDansketinden (2,842 m). Other noteworthy peaks^[3] are:

Norsketinden (2,797 m); also known asStortoppen
Jaalspids (2,788 m)^[6]
Korsspids (2,780 m)
Snetoppen (2,763 m)
Middle Peak (2,757 m)^[6]
Korsspids (2,751 m)
Grande Jorasses (2,750 m)
Sefström Tinde (2,714 m)
Italytinde (2,710 m)
Pembroke Kuppel (2,710 m), snow dome
Bosigran (2,700 m)
Lamorna (2,700 m)
Treyarnon (2,700 m)
Hermann von Barth Tinde (2,681 m)
Hjørnespids (2,650 m)
Berggeistspids (2,615 m)
An Caisteal (2,614 m)
Frihedstinde (2,610 m)
Ian’s Peak (2,607 m)
Palatinus (2,600 m)
Glatze (2,598 m), snow dome on top
Guglia della Norsketinde (2,592 m)
Doseths Fjell (2,590 m)
Duart Borg (2,583 m)
Dresdner Spids (2,580 m)
Aliertinde (2,580 m)
Mont Saussure (2,580 m)
Prometheus (2,574 m)
Bolværket (2,571 m)
Daehlis Fjell (2,570 m)
Berchtesgadener Tinde (2,560 m)
Drillinge (2,560 m), mountain with three conspicuous granite pinnacles
Roslin Borg (2,560 m)
Archangel Peak (2,558 m)
Klubtinde (2,550 m)
Borgbjergtinde (2,546 m)
Diannsketinden (2,532 m)
Heens Fjell (2,530 m)
Dunottar Bjerg (2,524 m)
Ebensbjerge (2,510 m)
Lancaster (2,510 m)
D. Eglin Spire (2,500 m)
Münchner Tinde (2,500 m)
Møysalen, twin-peaked mountain with 2,450 m and 2,500 m summits
Berchtesgadener Kopf (2,499 m)
Notting Hill (2,498 m)^[6]
Cima Virgilio (2,497 m),^[6] pinnacle on Satan's Gallery ridge
Weisse Wand (2,497 m),^[6]
Cicero (2,496 m)
Himmelstinde (2,492 m)
Czoks Topp (2,490 m)
Kensington (2,489 m)^[6]
Tantallon Spids (2,480 m)
Tantalus (2,477 m)
Rasmussen Spids (2,468 m)
Annsketinde (2,460 m)
Tiber Tinde (2,460 m)
Cold Shoulder (2,450 m)
Lambeth (2,450 m)
Crescent Tind (2,449 m)
Froggies Beaut (2,446 m)
St. Bartholomews Tårn (2,440 m), rock peak with twin summits
Cordulaspids (2,430 m)
Keswicktinde (2,430 m)
Margretabjerg (2,430 m)
Eugen-Heinz Tinde (2,415 m)
Tillyrie (2,415 m)
Eckturm (2,413 m)
Solveigs Sang (2,410 m)
Kastenberg (2,401 m)^[6]
Emmanuel Fjeld (2,400 m)
Merchiston Tinde (2,400 m)
Ruthven Spids (2,400 m)
Ulmer Spids (2,400 m)
Borgbjergkamm, an up to 2,400 m high ridge
Oleryggen (2,399 m)
Bacchustinde (2,397 m)
Kvitegga (2,396 m),^[6] snow field on top
Helmspitzen (2,396 m)^[6]
Downing Fjeld (2,395 m)
Alfred Wegener Bjerg (2,394 m)
S. Paolo (2,389 m), one of the pinnacles of Satan's Gallery
Augsburger Spids (2,385 m)
Hasentinde (2,376 m)
Piz Dominant (2,370 m)
Homerton (2,360 m), snow dome
Christinabjerg (2,350 m)
Møya (2,350 m)
Proctor’s Pinnacle (2,350 m)
Seanearbheinn (2,350 m)
Slanstinde (2,350 m)
Tandlaegetinde (2,350 m)
Skjervens Tind (2,349 m)
Pinnacle (2,342 m)^[6]
Puchwhitstinde (2,339 m)
Drumglas (2,330 m)
Jobjerg (2,330 m)
Skartind (2,310 m), snow summit
Tårnet (2,310 m)
Schwabentinde (2,307 m)^[6]
Scorpio (2,302 m)
Albert Peak (2,300 m)
Sidney Fjeld (2,300 m)
Molehill (2,300 m)
Sussex Fjeld (2,300 m)
Hecla (2,295 m)^[6]
Great Cumbrae (2,293 m)
Pyramid Peak (2,293 m)
Caius Fjeld (2,280 m), sharp rock summits
Beaufort Tinde (2,277 m), rock spire; also known asKapelleturm
Sentinel (2,277 m)
Snow Comb (2,272 m)
Wedge Peak (2,266 m)^[6]
Elisabethsminde (2,260 m)
Kjeldstrups Tinde (2,250 m)
Tour Carrée (2,250 m)
Tromsøtind (2,250 m)
Bonar Bjerg (2,241 m)
Susan’s Peak (2,238 m)
Eckhorn (2,230 m)
Mythotinde (2,224 m)
Clare Fjeld (2,220 m)
White (2,211 m)^[6]
Dreverspids (2,210 m)
Garmischer Spids (2,209 m)
Baerenzahn (2,209 m)
Royal Peak (2,202 m)^[6]
Attilaborgen (2,201 m);^[6] also known asKathedrale
Blair Peak (2,200 m)
Hecla (2,200 m)^[6]
St. Johns Tinde (2,200 m)
Bøygen (2,199 m)
Kishmul Borg (2,191 m)^[6]
Highgate (2,190 m)^[6]
Tent Peak (2,189 m)^[6]
Kvitfjell (2,188 m)^[6]
Glamis Borg (2,187 m)
Gauche Peak (2,185 m)
Islington (2,183 m)^[6]
Bavariaspitze (2,180 m)
Kapelle (2,178 m)
Boulderbjerg (2,177 m)
Point Jilly (2,175 m)
Westminster (2,164 m), possibly a subsidiary summit of Royal Peak^[3]
Granit Spids (2,159 m)
Diamond Peak (2,150 m)
Nevis (2,150 m)
Tritontind (2,150 m)
Österreichspitze (2,150 m)
Tirefour (2,140 m), rock tower
Achnacarry Spids (2,130 m)
Lagertoppen (2,113 m)^[6]
Füssener Ryggen (2,105 m)
Edinburgh (2,100 m)
Schwarzer Zwilling (2,100 m)
Mears Fjeld (2,100 m)
Priener Kalotte (2,100 m)
Santes Fair (2,100 m)
Lang Peak 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Series of six peaks ranging between 1,940 m and 2,100 m
Hermes (2,098 m)^[6]
Junction Peak (2,097 m)^[6]
Kirriemuir (2,094 m)^[6]
Girton Fjeld (2,089 m)
Dollar (2,085 m)
Kilvrough Fjeld (2,081 m)
Tårnfjeld (2,072 m)
Culross (2,067 m)
Drumglas Beag (2,060 m)
Juliasbjerge (2,058 m)
Daedalus (2,040 m)
Inverarnan (2,035 m), twin summits
Caerleon (2,028 m)
Eros (2,018 m)
Mitterspids (2,016 m)^[6]
Tunatinde (2,003 m)^[6]
Hermitage (2,001 m)^[6]
Berzaerkerspire (2,000 m), dramatic looking peak, also known asSpiret
Kilmory Fjeld (1,998 m)^[6]
Dreispitz (1,995 m), three rock peaks;^[6] one of them namedPointe Michel Gravost
Gonville Fjeld (1,994 m), rock summit
Eilan Donan (1,992 m), rock summit^[6]
Tioram Spids (1,991 m)^[6]
Glamis Borg (1,985 m), granite rock summit
Point Neurose (1,973 m)
Skiferbjerg (1,970 m)
Hahnenkamm (1,967 m)^[6]
Högspids (1,954 m)^[6]
Hellefjeld (1,947 m)
First Point of Aries (1,944 m)
Moena Tinde (1,940 m)
Beaumaris Fjeld (1,900 m)
Maclear (1,900 m)
Dunvegan Toppene (1,894 m)
Pap of Cumbrae (1,885 m)
Yllis (1,881 m)
Bastille Peak (1,870 m)
Taurobjerg (1,860 m)
Blackwall (1,850 m)
Pimlico (1,850 m)
Zeus (1,850 m), rock peak 1850 m
Piz Guarda Monti (1,840 m)
Harlech Fjeld (1,836 m)
Elephant (1,830 m)
Castle (1,830 m)
Elsinore Fjeld (1,829 m)
Lennox Spids (1,800 m)
Karabiner Fjeld (1,797 m)^[6]
Imperial College Peak (1,795 m)^[6]
Dinosaur (1,794 m), highest summit of a row of rocky peaks in the southern zone
Stuegulvet (1,780 m)
Vardefjeld (1,778 m)
Skotsketinde (1,775 m)
Panoramic Peak (1,771 m)
Arundel Gate (1,770 m)
Hirschbichler Spids (1,703 m)^[6]
Bow (1,700 m)
Midnight Peak (1,700 m)
Piccadilly (1,692 m)
Frique Peak (1,690 m)
Akselborg (1,685 m)
Wapping (1,680 m)
Mollytinde (1,670 m)
Richmond (1,650 m), rock peak
Piz Vadian (1,640 m)
Stirling Fjeld (1,640 m)
Bear Peak (1,598 m)
Blåhorn (1,589 m), also known asMonte Carmela
Peveril (1,587 m)
Kilroy (1,520 m)
Menander Spir (1,492 m),^[6] sharp rock summit of the Syltoppene
The Rock Finger (1,457 m),^[6] prominent minor peak
Tintagel Fjeld (1,294 m)^[6]
Aztekerborgen (1,286 m)
Nordsylen (1,196 m),^[6] northernmost spire of the Syltoppene

Glaciers

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Practically all the valleys in the Stauning Alps are filled by activeglaciers that mostly flow towards the North, East or South. Generally those glaciers flowing towards the west are steep and have dangerousicefalls with deepcrevasses.^[5]

Some of the glaciers in the range system are very large, such as theSpaerre Glacier(Spærregletscher) andSefstrøm Glacier to the west, theSkjoldungebrae to the north and theBersaerkerbrae(Bersærkerbræ) to the east.^[2] Other important glaciers in the Stauning Alps are:

Aries Glacier
Bacchus Glacier
Beaumaris Glacier
Bjørnbo Glacier
Borgbjerg Glacier
Canta Brae, also known asTrinity Glacier
Cavendish Glacier
Colosseum Glacier
Duart Glacier
Dunottar Glacier
Edinbrae
Essemmceebrae
Fangsthyttegletscher
Fimbulbreen
Fleskesvoren (Icefall)
Flødegletscher
Frihedsgletscher
Gannochy Glacier
Gully Glacier
Harlech Glacier
Hecate Glacier
Ivar Baardsøn Glacier
Jupiter Glacier
Kishmul Glacier
Krabbe Glacier
Linné Glacier
Mars Glacier
Mercurius Glacier
Neptunus Glacier (Løberen)
Orion Glacier
Oxford Glacier, also known asUranus Glacier
Princess Glacier
Roslin Glacier
Sedgwick Glacier
Schuchert Glacier, also known asKongespejlet
Skel Glacier
Stor Glacier, also known asLanggletscher
Triton Glacier
Viking Glacier

Climate

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The Stauning Alps lie in the highArctic zone.Polar climate prevails in the area of the range, theaverage annual temperature in the area being -16 °C . The warmest month is July when the average temperature rises to -2 °C and the coldest is January with -21 °C.^[10]

Bibliography

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Bennet, D. 1972:Staunings Alps, Gaston's Alpine Books and West Col Productions, Reading, SBN 901516 58 9.
Halliday, Geoffrey (1962)."Northern Stauning Alps".American Alpine Journal.13 (1).American Alpine Club:251–252.
Herrligkoffer, K.M. [de] 1967:Bergsteigen in der Arktis. Deutsche Grönland-Expedition 1966 in die Staunings-Alpen. Berge der Welt 16, 129–145.
Hunt, J. & Sugden, J. 1962:An expedition to the Staunings Alper, Scoresby Land.Geographical Journal 128, 39–48.
Key, M.[H.] 1964:Stauning Alps, 1963. Exploration Review (Imperial College, London) 5, 28–31.
Meinherz, P. 1965:Grönland Expedition des Akademischen Alpenclubs Zürich in die Stauningsalpen. Die Alpen 41, 225–232.
Miller, K.J. 1976:Traverse of the Staunings Alps.Alpine Journal 81, 143–153.
Peden, John (1993)."Scottish Staunings Alper Expedition". Climbs And Expeditions.American Alpine Journal.35 (67). American Alpine Club.
Pinkerton, Harry (1972)."Staunings Alper". Climbs And Expeditions.American Alpine Journal.18 (1). American Alpine Club:152–153.
Read, Colin (2002)."Great Cumbrae Glacier, first ascents". Climbs And Expeditions.American Alpine Journal.44 (76). American Alpine Club: 281.
Reid, S. 1997:Staunings Alper, various ascents. American Alpine Journal 1997, 219–221.
Rotovnik, D. 1988:Stauning Alper. American Alpine Journal 1988, 154 only.
Rotovnik, D. 1991:Staunings Alper. American Alpine Journal 1991, 189 only.
Slesser, M. 1964a:Die Staunings-Alpen. Britische Ostgrönland Expeditionen 1958 und 1960. Berge der Welt 14, 1962/63, 197–235.
Slesser, M. 1964b:The Stauning Alps of eastern Greenland. The Mountain World 1962–63, 161–196.
Weinzierl, Wolfgang (1971)."Trekant Basin, Staunings Alps, Northeast Greenland". Climbs And Expeditions.American Alpine Journal.17 (2). American Alpine Club: 395.