Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Start menu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of Microsoft Windows user interface
This article is about the GUI element. For the keyboard button that summons the Start menu, seeWindows key.

TheStart menu (calledStart screen inWindows 8,8.1 andServer 2012) is agraphical user interface element that has been part ofMicrosoft Windows sinceWindows 95, providing a means of openingprograms and performing other functions in theWindows shell. The Start menu, and theTaskbar on which it appears, were created and named in 1993 by Daniel Oran, a program manager atMicrosoft who had previously collaborated ongreat ape language research with thebehavioral psychologistB.F. Skinner atHarvard.[1][2][3][4]

The Start menu was renamedStart screen inWindows 8, before returning to its original name withWindows 10. It has been co-opted by some operating systems (likeReactOS) andLinuxdesktop environments for providing a more Windows-like experience, and as such is, for example, present inKDE, with the name ofKickoff Application Launcher, and onXfce with the name ofWhisker Menu.

Traditionally, the Start menu provided a customizable nested list of programs for the user to launch, as well as a list of most recently opened documents, a way to find files and obtain assistance, and access to the system settings. Later enhancements viaWindows Desktop Update included access to special folders such as "My Documents" and "Favorites" (browser bookmarks).Windows XP's Start menu was expanded to encompass variousMy Documents folders (includingMy Music andMy Pictures), and transplanted other items likeMy ComputerandMy Network Placesfrom the Windows desktop. UntilWindows Vista, the Start menu was constantly expanded across the screen as the user navigated through its cascading sub-menus.

Microsoft Windows

[edit]

InMicrosoft Windows, the Start menu in some form appears inWindows 9x,Windows NT 4.0 and all subsequent versions in theWindows NT family, as well asWindows CE,Windows Mobile andWindows Phone.

Windows 95–Me

[edit]
TheWindows 95 Start menu

The Start menu first appeared inWindows 95. It was made to overcome the shortcomings ofProgram Manager in previous operating systems.[5] Program Manager consisted of a simplemultiple document interface (MDI) which allowed users to open separate "program groups" and then execute the shortcuts to programs contained within. It lacked the ability to nest groups within other groups.

Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 replaced the Program Manager with thedesktop and Start menu. The latter was comparable in some respects with theApple menu inMac OS and did not have the mentioned limitations of Program Manager: Being amenu, it allowed nested grouping while keeping only one group open at the time. The menu also offered the ability toshut down andlog off from their computer.

Later developments inInternet Explorer and subsequent Windows releases make it possible to customize the Start menu and to access and expand Internet Explorer Favorites,My Documents and Administrative Tools (Windows 2000 and later) from the Start menu. Items could also be simply added to the Start menu bydragging and dropping them.

AlthoughWindows XP andWindows Server 2003 introduced a new version of Start menu, they offered the ability to switch back to this version of Start menu. This version of the Start menu is also available inWindows Vista andWindows Server 2008. However, it is absent inWindows 7,Windows Server 2008 R2 and other later Windows releases.

Windows XP

[edit]
The Start menu inWindows XP

The first major overhaul to the Start menu was introduced inWindows XP and was later included inWindows Server 2003. The Start menu was expanded to two columns: the left-hand column focuses on installed programs, while the right-hand column provides access toMy Documents, My Pictures, My Music and otherspecial folders.[5] This column also includes shortcuts forComputer andNetwork (Network Neighborhood in Windows 95 and 98), which were placed on the Desktop in prior versions of Windows.[5] The contents of this column can be customized. Commonly used programs are automatically displayed in the left-hand menu. Users may opt to "pin" programs to this side of the Start menu so that they are always accessible. A sub-menu item at the bottom of this column grants access to all items of Start menu. When this menu item is selected, a scrolling list of Start menu programs replaces the user/recent list.

Windows Vista/7

[edit]
The Start menu inWindows Vista
The Start menu inWindows 7

Windows Vista and its successors added minor changes to the menu. Prior to Windows Vista andWindows Server 2008, the Start menu consisted of a group of menus and sub-menus that cascaded and expanded, obscuring the initially visible portions of the screen beneath them. In Windows Vista, however, cascading menus were replaced by a sliding window in the left pane of the Start menu. Whenever the All Programs item is clicked, the contents of the left pane slide off the left edge of the Start menu, and the All Programs menu slides in from the right edge of the left column. This menu presents atree view of its hierarchy that expands towards the bottom, with a verticalscrollbar whenever needed. Also added in Windows Vista is aSearch box that allows users to search for the Start menu shortcuts or other files and folders. The search box featuresincremental search: If indexing is not turned off, the search box returns results on-the-fly as users type into it. Since the found items can be immediately opened, the Start menu search box partially replaces the function of the Run command from previous versions of Windows. The Run command can also be added separately to the right column in the Start menu. InWindows 7 andWindows Server 2008 R2, the search results pane covers both columns of the Start menu. The search box is extended to support searching Control Panel items. The right column in Windows 7 links toLibraries instead of ordinary folders. Most importantly, however, items on the Start menu supportJump lists through cascade buttons on their right. Unlike prior versions, the ability to revert to the "Classic" Start menu design is no longer available.

Windows 8.x

[edit]

The Start screen inWindows 8
The Start screen inWindows 8.1, with the Power and Search button also visible

OnWindows 8 andWindows Server 2012, an update to the Start menu known as the "Start screen" was introduced. It covers the entire screen and no longer features the right column. It shows much largertiles for programs and, whenever possible, displays dynamic content supplied by the program directly on the tile itself (known as a "live tile"), behaving similarly to awidget.[6] For instance, the live tile for anemail client may display the number of unread emails. The Start screen allows users to uninstall their programs by right-clicking on them and selecting "Uninstall". Pinned apps can be placed in groups. The search box is initially hidden but can be viewed by clicking the search button on thecharms bar and can also be brought up as it receives keyboard input. True to its name, the Start screen is the first screen that a user sees uponlogin.

The idea of a full-screen Start can be traced back toWindows Neptune, when Microsoft originally considered a "Start page" that integrated with Windows desktop throughActive Desktop.[7] This menu has its roots inWindows Mobile andWindows Phone: In Windows Mobile Standard, which runs onsmartphones, the Start menu produces a separate screen of icons. Windows Phone was the original host ofthe design principles of the third generation Start menu.

The Start screen no longer supports several previously available features. A list of recently launched programs or shortcuts to special folders no longer appears on the Start screen. It no longer supports more than one level of nesting for groups in the All Programs view. Drag and drop support for adding new items to the menu as well as reorganizing the contents of the All Programs view is no longer available. In addition, for the first time in the history of Windows, the Start menu in a stock installation of Windows 8, Windows Server 2012,Windows 8.1 or Windows Server 2012 R2 does not provide any facility forshutting down,restarting or activatingsleep mode orhibernation, forcing users to use the settings button in the charms bar to perform these actions. AnApril 2014 update for Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 restores the latter.

Windows 10

[edit]
The Start menu inWindows 10, prior toversion 1607
The Start menu inWindows 10, version 20H2 and later

Windows 10 re-introduced the Start menu in a revised form. It uses a two column design similar to Windows 7's version, except that the right side is populated by tiles, similarly to Windows 8's Start screen. Applications can be pinned to the right half, and their respective tiles can be resized and grouped into user-specified categories. The left column displays a vertical list, containing frequently-used applications, and links to the "All apps" menu,File Explorer,Settings, and power options. Some of these links, and additional links to folders such as Downloads, Pictures, and Music, can be added through Settings' "Choose which folders appear on Start" page. The Start menu can be resized, or be placed in afull-screen display resembling the Windows 8/8.1 Start screen (although scrolling vertically instead of horizontally).[8][9] The Start menu also enters this state when "Tablet mode" is enabled.[10][11][12][13]

As ofversion 1511, the left panel of the Start menu advertises "suggested" Windows Store apps; users can opt out of these suggestions.[14]

Version 1607 and later remove the recent apps view, always showing all apps.Version 20H2 replaced the colorful tiles in previous versions with transparent "theme-aware" tiles.

Windows RT 8.1 update KB3033055[15] adds a variant of the Windows 10 Start menu that is visually closer to the design used in early preview builds of Windows 10. It allows applications to be pinned to the top of the left column, with recently used apps listed below (much like 7), and as with 10, allows tiles to be pinned to the right column.[15][16][17][18]

Windows 11

[edit]
The Start menu inWindows 11

Windows 11 introduces another major redesign to the Start menu. A search box was reinstated at the top of the menu, and tiles have been replaced by an area for pinned application shortcuts displayed in a grid (similar to many application launchers in Android and iOS), accompanied by a section for "Recommended" applications and files (often equivalent with the user's most recently used files). An "All apps" button is displayed next to the heading for pinned applications. Windows 11 does not support live tiles, with their functionality being moved to the separate "Widgets" area on the taskbar.[19][20]

Start button

[edit]
"Start button" redirects here. For the gamepad button, seeGamepad § Features.

The Start menu may be launched either by pressing⊞ Win (theWindows key) on a keyboard or its equivalent on atablet device, pressingCtrl+Esc on a keyboard, or by clicking on the visual Startbutton. With the exception ofWindows 8 andWindows Server 2012, the Start button can be found on thetaskbar. The Start button on Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8 is initially moved from the traditional taskbar to "charms", a hidden secondary taskbar located to the right of the screen (accessed by swiping in from the right on multitouch devices, or positioning the mouse in one of the right corners of the screen and sliding up or down). The Start screen is accessed either by that button or by clicking the lower left corner of the screen.Windows 8.1 andWindows Server 2012 R2 restore the button back to its original place without removing the new button in the charms.[21][22] On most versions of Windows, the Start button is located on the lower left corner of the screen, while the start button onWindows 11 is located in the center (but can be moved back to the lower left corner).

On a Mac keyboard or on a Mac running Windows throughBoot Camp, the⌘ Command key is used as the Windows logo key to activate the Start menu.

Right-clicking on the Start button invokes acontext menu. This menu in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 is called the Quick Link menu[23] and grants access to several frequently used features of Windows, such as accessing desktop orFile Explorer.[24]

Location on disk

[edit]

Users may add Start menu entries by creating folders and shortcuts in the associated "Start Menu" folder, located on the operating system operating media. These appear in a separated section at the top of the Start menu, or, if placed in the Programs sub-folder, in the Programs menu. The location of this folder however, depends on the operating system installed:

  • InWindows 9x, this folder is located either in "%windir%\Start Menu" or, if there are multiple users, in "%windir%\Profiles\[username]\Start Menu" path, where[username] is the account name of the user.
  • InWindows NT 4.0, the folder is located in "%systemroot%\Profiles\%username%\Start Menu" for individual users, or "%systemroot%\Profiles\All Users\Start Menu" for shared shortcuts. One distinguishing feature in Windows NT 4.0 is that the Start menu separated theper-user shortcuts from the shared shortcuts and by a separator line and used different icons for the program folders in per-user and shared menus.[25][26]
  • InWindows 2000,Windows XP andWindows Server 2003, the folder is located in "%userprofile%\Start Menu" for individual users, or "%allusersprofile%\Start Menu" for shared shortcuts.
  • InWindows Vista,Windows Server 2008,Windows 7,Windows Server 2008 R2,Windows Server 2012,Windows 8,Windows 10, andWindows 11, the folder is located in "%appdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu" for individual users, or "%programdata%\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu" for the shared portion of the menu.

InWindows Server 2003 and earlier, the folder name "Start Menu" changes depending on the localization; for example, on German versions of Windows XP it is "Startmenü". Windows installers generally use theWindows API to find out the real names and locations of the Start menu and Desktop folders. SinceWindows Vista, all folders used by the system use the same name as in the English version and only display different names in Windows Explorer.

Tweaks

[edit]

TweakUI, an unsupported utility program from Microsoft, offers additional customizations, including speeding up the response time of the Start menu, window animation, and otherhacks.[27][28] On Windows XP and Windows Vista, it is possible to prevent specific programs from appearing in the recent programs list (the left pane of the Start menu) by modifying theWindows registry.[29]

Open-source operating systems

[edit]
This sectionmay contain materialnot related to the topic of the article. Please helpimprove this section or discuss this issue on thetalk page.(March 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Manydesktop environments foropen source operating systems provide a menu similar to the Start menu:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (1998-07-09)."Books of the Times; A Jungle? It's Murder, It's a Conspiracy".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved2023-03-22.
  2. ^Weinberger, Matt (2015-07-30)."'He was literally a rocket scientist. And even he couldn't figure out Windows.'".Business Insider. Archived fromthe original on 2015-08-07. Retrieved2024-04-26.
  3. ^Andrews, Paul (1999).How the Web was won : Microsoft from Windows to the Web : the inside story of how Bill Gates and his band of internet idealists transformed a software empire (1st ed.). New York: Broadway Books. pp. 244–5.ISBN 0-7679-0048-0.OCLC 40820951.
  4. ^Inside out : Microsoft--in our own words. Microsoft Corporation. New York, NY: Warner Books. 2000. p. 30.ISBN 0-446-52739-4.OCLC 45226466.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^abcFitzpatrick, Jason (6 August 2015)."The Start Menu Should Be Sacred (But It's Still a Disaster in Windows 10)".How-To Geek. Retrieved30 July 2016.
  6. ^"Designing the Start screen".Building Windows 8.Microsoft. 2011-10-04. Retrieved2012-12-06.
  7. ^Thurrott, Paul (7 August 2013)."SuperSite Flashback: Neptune".SuperSite for Windows.Penton Media. Retrieved7 August 2013.
  8. ^Mediati, Nick (August 8, 2015)."How to customize Windows 10's Start Menu".PC World.IDG. Archived fromthe original on August 8, 2015. Retrieved20 September 2015.
  9. ^Paul, Ian (August 11, 2015)."How to customize the left side of the Windows 10 Start menu".PC World. IDG. Retrieved20 September 2015.
  10. ^Seifert, Dan (September 30, 2014)."Watch how Windows 10 works with touch interfaces".The Verge.Vox Media. Retrieved30 September 2014.
  11. ^Thurrott, Paul (April 23, 2015)."Windows 10 Technical Preview 2: Configure Tablet Mode".Thurrott.com. Retrieved16 July 2015.
  12. ^Thurrott, Paul (March 23, 2015)."Windows 10 Technical Preview 2: Continuum and Tablet Mode".Thurrott.com. Retrieved16 July 2015.
  13. ^Bowden, Zack (July 3, 2015)."Windows 10: The tablet experience is better than ever (with video)".WinBeta. Archived fromthe original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved16 July 2015.
  14. ^Wilson, Mark (October 15, 2015)."Microsoft now uses Windows 10's Start menu to display ads".BetaNews. Retrieved15 October 2015.
  15. ^ab"Update for Windows RT 8.1 feature improvement".Support.Microsoft. September 30, 2015. Retrieved20 September 2015.
  16. ^Bright, Peter (September 16, 2015)."Windows RT gets a Start menu of its own in Windows RT 8.1 Update 3".Ars Technica. Conde Nast. Retrieved16 September 2015.
  17. ^Newman, Jared (July 20, 2015)."Windows RT users shouldn't expect much from Update 3, report claims".PC World. IDG. Retrieved20 July 2015.
  18. ^"Upcoming Windows RT update will include new Start menu and lock screen".The Verge.Vox Media. 9 August 2015. Retrieved20 August 2015.
  19. ^Warren, Tom (June 24, 2021)."Microsoft announces Windows 11, with a new design, Start menu, and more".The Verge.Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. RetrievedJune 24, 2021.
  20. ^Salter, Jim (June 24, 2021)."Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10".Ars Technica.Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. RetrievedJune 25, 2021.
  21. ^Thurrott, Paul (May 29, 2013)."Coming in Blue: Boot to Desktop, Start Button, and More!".Supersite for Windows.Penton. RetrievedMay 29, 2013.
  22. ^Thurrott, Paul (May 29, 2013)."In Blue: Start Experience Changes".Supersite for Windows.Penton. RetrievedMay 29, 2013.
  23. ^"Keyboard shortcuts - Windows 8, Windows RT".Windows.Microsoft. Archived fromthe original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved3 September 2013.
  24. ^Thurrot, Paul (June 26, 2013)."Hands-On with Windows 8.1: Power User Menu".SuperSite for Windows.Penton Media. RetrievedAugust 7, 2013.
  25. ^"Image". Archived fromthe original on May 18, 2013.
  26. ^Thurrott, Paul (May 18, 2000)."Teach Yourself Windows 2000 Server: Using Windows 2000 Server".Supersite for Windows.Penton.
  27. ^"Download page for Microsoft Windows Tweak UI Power Toy".Windows.Microsoft. Archived fromthe original on October 6, 1999.
  28. ^"O'Reilly Annoyances.org Tweak UI page".Annoyances. Archived fromthe original on December 12, 2001.
  29. ^"How To Prevent a Program from Being Displayed in the Most Frequently Used Programs List in Windows XP".Support.Microsoft. July 15, 2004. Archived fromthe original on February 11, 2005.
  30. ^Watson, J.A. (18 August 2016)."Hands-on: Lumina Desktop 1.0.0".ZDNet.CBS Interactive. Retrieved23 November 2016.

Further reading

[edit]
Management
tools
Apps
Shell
Services
File systems
Server
Architecture
Security
Compatibility
API
Games
Discontinued
Games
Apps
Others
Spun off to
Microsoft Store
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Start_menu&oldid=1273133361"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp