Video of Starship during flight test 3 | |
| Mission type | Flight test |
|---|---|
| Operator | SpaceX |
| Mission duration | 49 minutes, 41 seconds (achieved)[1] 1 hour, 4 minutes, 39 seconds (planned) |
| Orbits completed | <1 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | StarshipShip 28 |
| Spacecraft type | Starship |
| Manufacturer | SpaceX |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | March 14, 2024, 8:25 amCDT (13:25 UTC) |
| Rocket | Super Heavy (B10) |
| Launch site | Starbase,OLP-1 |
| End of mission | |
| Destroyed | Ship:March 14, 2024, 9:14:41 am CDT (14:14:41 UTC)[1] Booster:March 14, 2024, 8:32:01 am CDT (13:32:01 UTC)[1] |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Regime | Suborbital[1] |
| Periapsis altitude | -54 km[1] |
| Apoapsis altitude | 234 km (145 mi)[1] |
| Inclination | 26.5°[1] |
 Mission patch | |
Starship flight test 3 was the third flight test of theSpaceX Starshiplaunch vehicle.SpaceX performed the flight test on March 14, 2024.[2][3]
Starship successfully completed a full-duration second stage burn, reaching the intended orbital velocity for the first time, but broke up during re-entry in the atmosphere.[3][4][5]
After the second flight test in November 2023 ended in the destruction of both theSuper Heavy booster and theStarship spacecraft, 17 significant changes were made to the vehicles, including upgrading the ship to an electricthrust vector control (TVC) system[6][7] (the booster had received similar upgrades for the second flight test[8]) and delaying the vent ofliquid oxygen (LOX) to after Starship engine cutoff (SECO).[6]
SpaceX upgraded the orbital tank farm with additional subcoolers and pumps to increase the propellant flow rate. In addition, two water tanks were removed and scrapped. Steel plates have been added to concrete at the base of the launch tower due to erosion from the engines. A concrete wall has replaced theHESCO barriers previously protecting the tank farm.[9]
![[icon]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This sectionneeds expansion with: with information about the actual "Development prior to launch". You can help byadding missing information.(March 2024) |
Testing of the Flight 3 vehicles began just under a month after second flight test,[10][11] with S28 and B10 undergoing their individualstatic fire tests in late December 2023.[12][13] TheFAA closed its mishap investigation of thesecond flight test on February 26, 2024. In the mishap report, SpaceX identified 17 corrective actions, of which ten were for theStarship upper stage and seven for theSuper Heavy booster.[14] Booster 10 and S28 conducted awet dress rehearsal on March 3, 2024.[15] On March 5, 2024, SpaceX announced that they were targeting a launch date of March 14, 2024, pending regulatory approval.[16][17] On March 13, 2024, the FAA granted the launch license for this flight, the third flight test.[18]
Starship flight test 3 launched from theSpaceX Starbase facility along theSouth Texas coast around 8:25 CDT. As with the second flight test, ignition of all 33 booster engines and stage separation were both successful.[19] B10 conducted aboostback burn. However, 6 engines began shutting down unexpectedly causing a premature boostback shutdown; the plannedlanding in theGulf of Mexico was not successful due to the same six engines that failed before being disabled leaving seven engines commanded to startup with two successfully reaching ignition. Following the failures, SpaceX reported that the booster was destroyed at an estimated altitude of approximately 462 meters (1,516 ft).[2] The cause of these failures was determined by SpaceX to be filter blockage of liquid oxygen to the engines. A similar problem occurred in the second flight test, leading Booster 10 to get upgraded filtering.[20]
The Starship spacecraft itself reached space and the intended orbital velocity. It then conducted several tests after engine cutoff, including a successfulpropellant transfer demo and payload dispenser test. It attempted tore-enter the atmosphere over the Indian Ocean, and at an altitude of around 65 km, all telemetry from Ship 28 stopped, indicating a loss of the vehicle.[21][22][3] According to SpaceX, S28 was experiencing excessive roll rates causing it to have an "off-nominal entry". This was caused by clogging of the valves responsible for roll control on Starship.[20]
| Time | Event[23] | March 14, 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| −01:15:00 | Flight director conducts a poll and verifies go for propellant loading | Go for propellant loading |
| −00:53:00 | Starship oxidizer (liquid oxygen) load start | Success |
| −00:51:00 | Starship fuel (liquid methane) load start | Success |
| −00:42:00 | Super Heavy oxidizer (liquid oxygen) load start | Success |
| −00:41:00 | Super Heavy fuel (liquid methane) load start | Success |
| −00:19:40 | Super Heavy and Starship engine chill | Success |
| −00:03:30 | Starship propellant load complete | Success |
| −00:02:50 | Super Heavy propellant load complete | Success |
| −00:00:30 | Flight director verifies go for launch | Go for launch |
| −00:00:10 | Flame deflector activation | Success |
| −00:00:03 | Super Heavy engine ignition | Success |
| +00:00:02 | Liftoff | Success |
| +00:00:52 | Throttle down formaxq during ascent (moment of peak mechanical stress on the rocket) | Success |
| +00:02:42 | Super Heavy most engines cutoff (MECO) | Success |
| +00:02:44 | Starship engine ignition andstage separation (hot-staging) | Success |
| +00:02:55 | Super Heavy boostback burn start | Success |
| +00:03:50 | Super Heavy boostback burn shutdown | Partial failure 6 engines shut down due to LOX filter blockage, causing the burn to end prematurely[20] |
| +00:06:36 | Super Heavy is transonic | N/a Later than planned due to off nominal trajectory caused by early boostback shutdown[20] |
| +00:06:46 | Super Heavy landing burn start | Partial failure 2 out of 13 engines ignited[20] |
| +00:07:04 | Super Heavy landing burn shutdown | Failure Loss of telemetry from booster at T+7:01 at an approximate altitude 462 m (1,516 ft)[20] |
| +00:08:35 | Starship engine cutoff (SECO) | Success |
| +00:11:56 | Payload door open | Success[20] |
| +00:24:31 | Propellant transfer demo | Success[20] |
| +00:28:21 | Payload door close | Success[20] |
| +00:40:46 | Raptor in-space relight demo | N/a Skipped due to loss of roll control[20] |
| +00:49:05 | Starship atmospheric reentry | Failure Stuck roll control valve during coast phase resulted in loss of control and vehicle telemetry was lost at T+49:41 at an altitude of 65 km (40 mi)[20] |
| +01:02:16 | Starship is transonic | N/a |
| +01:03:04 | Starship is subsonic | N/a |
| +01:04:39 | Starship splashdown | N/a |
After the launch, SpaceX confirmed that Super Heavy was destroyed at 462 m above sea level over the Gulf of Mexico.[2] The status of the payload door test became one of the focuses of unofficial interpretations of the flight in YouTube and news articles, due to a perceived issue seen from the flight video concerning the payload door. SpaceX's account of the launch states that the payload test had been a success.[20]
Gwynne Shotwell, president and chief operating officer of SpaceX, said the company was still investigating the data and what went wrong in the third flight test, but that the fourth flight test could launch soon, possibly by early May.[24]
NASA chiefBill Nelson praised SpaceX for "a successful test flight". He also stated, "Today we are making great strides throughArtemis to return humanity to the Moon - then look onward to Mars." SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk also praised the team and stated "Starship will take humanity to Mars."[25]
On March 14, 2024, the FAA declared that a mishap had occurred involving both the upper stage and booster, triggering the start of a SpaceX-led investigation overseen by the FAA.[26] The agency's associate administrator for commercial space transportation, Kelvin Coleman, said on March 18 that he did not anticipate any major issues that could delay the investigation. Additionally, there was talk for the FAA to begin issuing a "portfolio of launches", authorizing multiple launches rather than a single launch at a time, as part of a broader effort to streamline the launch license process in response to criticism from SpaceX and Congress that the FAA was moving too slow on approving them.[24] The next launch license will likely require modification, but Coleman said the FAA may be able to first complete a public safety determination, finding that there were no flaws in critical safety systems on the March launch that would have endangered the safety of the uninvolved public. If so, “that would decouple the mishap investigation from the license modification, and that means that we could get the license modification done while the mishap investigation is ongoing.”[27] However, both are still needed in order for a launch license to be granted.[28]
On April 5, SpaceX requested that the FAA agree that the third flight test mishap did not present a public safety issue.[29] On May 11, SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk stated thatthe fourth Starship launch could occur in 3-5 weeks, bringing the date forward to early-mid June. The FAA investigation and launch license remained pending.[30] On May 17, the FAA made a statement that if the FAA agrees no public safety issues were involved in the mishap, SpaceX may return to flight while the third flight test investigation remains open, provided all other license requirements are met.[31] This statement does not constitute SpaceX being granted a Launch License.[31]
On May 24, SpaceX released a blog post stating the results from flight 3. According to SpaceX, during the boostback burn, 6 engines began to shut down, causing an early boostback shutdown. The vehicle prevented these engines from performing the landing burn, leaving only 7 engines. 2 of the engines were able to successfully ignite. The vehicle had lower than expected thrust, and it was lost at an altitude of 462 meters. The main likely cause of the boostback shutdown was due to filter blockage in the liquid oxygen intake, leading to loss of pressure in the oxygen turbopumps. According to SpaceX, several minutes after the ship engine cutoff (SECO), the valves responsible for the roll control thrusters were clogged. This precluded the in flight raptor relight test. Due to the unplanned roll, the ship experienced much higher heat loads in both unprotected and tiled sections.
In order to mitigate these issues, SpaceX has implemented hardware changes to the booster liquid oxygen tank to improve propellant filtration. SpaceX has also added more roll control thrusters on the ship for redundancy. Additionally, hardware and software changes were implemented to improve Raptor startup reliability.[20]
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