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Étoile Nord-Africaine | |
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| President | Messali Hadj |
| Secretary-General | Imache Amar |
| Founded | 1926 |
| Banned | 1937 |
| Succeeded by | Algerian People's Party |
| Ideology | Algerian nationalism[1] Algerian independence[2] Anti-colonialism[3] Anti-Imperialism |
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TheÉtoile Nord-Africaine orENA (French forNorth African Star) was an earlyAlgerian nationalist organization founded in 1926.[4] It was dissolved first in 1929, then reorganised in 1933 under the name of Glorieuse ENA and again dissolved in 1937. It is considered a forerunner of theAlgerian National Liberation Front (FLN), who fought France during theAlgerian War (1954–62).
It was formed in 1926 by Algerian nationalist politicianHadj-Ali Abdelkader and called for an uprising against Frenchcolonial rule and totalindependence. It had no armed wing and attempted to organize peacefully. The party maintained links with theFrench Communist Party (PCF), until its dissolution. Later theComintern, the PCF declared Algerian national independence premature. Messali Hadj joined the ENA shortly after its creation and in 1927 participated in the creation of theLeague Against Imperialism. The reorganisation of the 'Glorieuse ENA' in 1933 electedMessali Hadj President,Imache Amar Secretary General andBelkacem Radjef Treasurer. The party broke ties with the communist party. It also voted for an ambitious plan to lead Algeria to independence by peaceful means. The Étoile was dissolved by the French authorities in 1937 and Messali was imprisoned. It is considered by some the first modern Algerianpolitical party.
In 1937, two months after its dissolution, the leaders of ENA, including Messali, founded theAlgerian People's Party (PPA). This was subsequently dissolved in 1946 and was immediately followed by the creation of theMovement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD), which later became increasingly militant. Messali distanced himself from the MTLD mainstream when it became involved in theAlgerian War started by theFLN in November 1954.
Two of Révolution!'s activists involved in the creation of Révolution Afrique refer to the Algerian nationalist organization Étoile Nord-Africaine, created in 1926 in Paris by Hadj Ali Abdelkader, as the model they wished to emulate due to its transnational existence, first in France, then in Algeria.
In 1937, in France, the Popular Front, which emerged from antifascist movements but became a powerful popular movement representing the working classes, dissolved the North African Star (Étoile Nord-Africaine), an organization who fought for the national independence of Algeria and against the Indigenous Code, a set of laws creating an inferior legal status for natives of French colonies.
In 1930, while France was celebrating with great pomp and revelry its Centenary — a century of its presence in Algeria — anti-colonial militants had named their first political organization TENA' (l'étoile nord-africaine — the North African Star) […]
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