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Inmartial arts andcombat sports,stand-up fighting ishand-to-hand combat between opponents in a standing position, as distinguished fromground fighting.Clinch fighting is stand-upgrappling. Fighters employstriking, includingstriking combinations, using either body parts or melee weapons, to incapacitate orinjure the opponent. Combatants useblocking techniques to block the opponent's attacks.
Martial arts and combat sports that emphasize stand-up fighting includeboxing,jōdō,karate,kendo,kickboxing,kung fu (sanda/sanshou),Muay Thai,savate,silat, andTaekwondo.
The nature of the stand-up fighting depends on whether the combatants are unarmed or use melee weapons. Batons become less effective at short, especiallyclinching range, where they cannot be swung properly. Knives on the other hand do not need as much thrusting space to generate damage. In stand-up fighting without melee weapons, it is possible to separate the distances between the combatants according to whichstrikes can reach the opponent.
The comfort zone is a non-combat distance from which it is not possible tokick the opponent withoutclosing the distance considerably. From this zone the combatant might carefully close in on the opponent to engage withstrikes.
Kicking distance: The kicking distance is the most distant unarmed fighting position in which consistent contact can be made with the opponent. The combatants can use far-reaching quick kicks to the legs, body or head of the opponent. Martial arts such asTaekwondo emphasize the kicking distance in fighting.
Punching distance: The punching distance is the zone wherepunches can be thrown, and this is the distance from the furthestjab to the closesthook, as long as nograppling is taking place. In addition to punches, this distance often also allows forelbows andknees, though using them requires closing in to the clinching distance.Boxing is acombat sport that concerns itself exclusively with the punching distance. However many martial arts, particularly those that employ extreme close range fighting (for exampleWing Chun andSouthern Praying Mantis) train ranges within punch range, but do not necessarily employ clinching techniques. This collection of ranges is often called the in-fighting range.[1] In rules that allow both stand-up and ground-fighting, such as those ofmixed martial arts,takedowns can also be launched from this distance. Going for a takedown from this distance is generally referred to as a shoot.
Clinching zone: The clinching or trapping zone refers to the same distance as the punching distance, except that one or both combatantsgrapple, and at the same time prevent the other from moving into a more distant contact zone or into the comfort zone by using aclinch hold. This zone involves a multitude of bothstriking andgrappling techniques, and is discussed in its own articleclinch fighting.
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