Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

Stabilisation and Association Process

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of the process of joining the European Union

Map of the states which have participated in the European Union's Stabilisation and Association Process, with the date of entry into force of its Stabilization and Association Agreement (and the date of lapse of the agreement for Croatia when it became an EU member state).
EU member states
SAA in force

In talks with countries that have expressed a wish to join theEuropean Union, the EU typically concludesAssociation Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, orhuman rights reform in that country. In exchange, the country may be offeredtariff-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods,agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance.

Overview

[edit]

Stabilisation and Association agreements are part of the EUStabilisation and Association Process (SAP) andEuropean Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). At present, the countries of theWestern Balkans are the focus of the SAP. SpecificStabilisation and Association Agreements (SAA) have been implemented with various Balkan countries which explicitly include provisions for future EU membership of the country involved. SAAs are similar in principle to theEurope Agreements signed with the Central and Eastern European countries in the 1990s and to the Association Agreement with Turkey.

SAAs are based mostly on the EU'sacquis communautaire and predicated on its promulgation in the cooperating stateslegislation. The depth of the policy harmonization expected by SAA is less than forEU member states; some policy areas in the Acquis may not be covered by a given SAA.

The EU's relations with the Western Balkans states were moved from the "External Relations" to the "Enlargement" policy segment in 2005. As of 2022,Albania,Bosnia and Herzegovina,North Macedonia,Montenegro andSerbia are officially recognized ascandidates for membership.Kosovo is not recognised as a candidate country, but as apotential candidate.^[1]

As of April 2016, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia have SAA's in force. Croatia formerly had a SAA, but it lapsed when theyacceded to the EU in 2013.

The agreement with Kosovo was the first signed after the entry into force of theLisbon treaty, which conferred a legal personality to the EU.^[2]^[3] As a result, an EU representative in Kosovo explained that "unlike SAA with other countries of the region, this one will be exclusively the EU agreement. The EU will co-sign it as a legal entity."^[4] The agreement did not need to be individually ratified by each member state, some of which have notrecognized the independence of Kosovo.^[5] The representative went on to say that "since Kosovo is not recognized by the five member states, we had to issue a directive saying that the signing of the agreement will not signify that the EU or any of the countries recognize Kosovo as a state."^[4]

Stabilisation and Association Process

[edit]

Event	North Macedonia^[6]	Croatia^[7]	Albania^[8]	Montenegro^[9]^{[Note 1]}	Bosnia and Herzegovina^[11]	Serbia^[12]^{[Note 2]}	Kosovo^[13]^{[Note 3]}
SAA negotiations start	2000-04-05	2000-11-24	2003-01-31	2005-10-10	2005-11-25	2005-10-10	2013-10-28^[15]
SAA initialled	2000-11-24	2001-05-14	2006-02-28	2007-03-15	2007-12-04	2007-11-07	2014-07-25^[16]
SAA/IA signature	2001-04-09	2001-10-29	2006-06-12	2007-10-15	2008-06-16	2008-04-29	2015-10-27^[17]
Interim Agreement:
EC ratification	2001-04-27	2002-01-30	2006-06-12	2007-10-15	2008-06-16	2009-12-08	N/A^{[Note 4]}
SAP state ratification	2001-04-27	2002-01-30	2006-10-09	2007-11-14	2008-06-20	2008-09-22	N/A^{[Note 4]}
entry into force	2001-06-01	2002-03-01	2006-12-01	2008-01-01	2008-07-01	2010-02-01	N/A^{[Note 4]}
Deposit of the instrument of ratification:
SAP state	2001-04-27	2002-01-30	2006-11-09	2007-11-13	2009-02-26	2008-09-22	2016-02-26
Austria	2002-09-06	2002-03-15	2008-05-21	2008-07-04	2009-09-04	2011-01-13	N/A
Belgium	2003-12-29	2003-12-17	2008-10-22	2010-03-29	2010-03-29	2012-03-20	N/A
Bulgaria	joined the EU later			2008-05-30	2009-03-13	2010-08-12	N/A
Croatia	joined the EU later						N/A
Cyprus	joined the EU later		2008-05-30	2008-11-20	2009-07-02	2010-11-26	N/A
Czech Republic	joined the EU later		2008-05-07	2009-02-19	2009-07-23	2011-01-28	N/A
Denmark	2002-04-10	2002-05-08	2008-04-24	2008-06-25	2009-05-26	2011-03-04	N/A
Estonia	joined the EU later		2007-10-17	2007-11-22	2008-09-11	2010-08-19	N/A
Finland	2004-01-06	2004-01-06	2007-11-29	2009-03-18	2009-04-07	2011-10-21	N/A
France	2003-06-04	2003-06-04	2009-02-12	2009-07-30	2011-02-10	2012-01-16	N/A
Germany	2002-06-20	2002-10-18	2009-02-19	2009-11-16	2009-08-14	2012-02-24	N/A
Greece	2003-08-27	2003-08-27	2009-02-26	2010-03-04	2010-09-20	2011-03-10	N/A
Hungary	joined the EU later		2007-04-23	2008-05-14	2008-10-22	2010-11-16	N/A
Ireland	2002-05-06	2002-05-06	2007-06-11	2009-06-04	2009-06-04	2011-09-29	N/A
Italy	2003-10-30	2004-10-06	2008-01-07	2009-10-13	2010-09-08	2011-01-06	N/A
Latvia	joined the EU later		2006-12-19	2008-10-17	2009-11-12	2011-05-30	N/A
Lithuania	joined the EU later		2007-05-17	2009-03-04	2009-05-04	2013-06-26	N/A
Luxembourg	2003-07-28	2003-08-01	2007-07-04	2009-06-11	2010-12-22	2011-01-21	N/A
Malta	joined the EU later		2008-04-21	2008-12-11	2010-01-07	2010-07-06	N/A
Netherlands	2002-09-09	2004-04-30	2007-12-10	2009-01-29	2009-09-30	2012-02-27	N/A
Poland	joined the EU later		2007-04-14	2009-02-06	2010-04-07	2012-01-13	N/A
Portugal	2003-07-14	2003-07-14	2008-07-11	2008-09-23	2009-06-29	2011-03-04	N/A
Romania	joined the EU later			2009-01-15	2010-01-08	2012-05-22	N/A
Slovakia	joined the EU later		2007-07-20	2008-07-29	2009-03-17	2010-11-11	N/A
Slovenia	joined the EU later		2007-01-18	2008-02-07	2009-03-10	2010-12-07	N/A
Spain	2002-10-04	2002-10-04	2007-05-03	2009-03-12	2010-06-15	2010-06-21	N/A
Sweden	2002-06-25	2003-03-27	2007-03-21	2009-03-11	2009-09-14	2011-04-15	N/A
United Kingdom	2002-12-17	2004-09-03	2007-10-16	2010-01-12	2010-04-20	2011-08-11	N/A
European Communities or European Union andEuratom	2004-02-25	2004-12-21	2009-02-26	2010-03-29	2015-04-30	2013-07-22	2016-02-24^{[Note 5]}
SAA entry into force	2004-04-01	2005-02-01	2009-04-01	2010-05-01	2015-06-01	2013-09-01	2016-04-01^[21]
EU membership (SAA lapsed)	(TBD)	2013-07-01	(TBD)	(TBD)	(TBD)	(TBD)	(TBD)

N/A: Not applicable.

^Montenegro started negotiations in November 2005 while a part ofSerbia and Montenegro. Separate technical negotiations were conducted regarding issues of sub-state organizational competency. A mandate for direct negotiations with Montenegro was established in July 2006. Direct negotiations were initiated on 26 September 2006 and concluded on 1 December 2006.^[10]
^Serbia started negotiations in November 2005 while part ofSerbia and Montenegro, with a modified mandate from July 2006.
^Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008 but is still claimed by Serbia as part of its territory. The European Union remains divided, with five EU member states not recognizing its independence. The EU launched aStabilisation Tracking Mechanism for Kosovo] on 6 November 2002 with the aim of aligning its policy with EU standards. On 10 October 2012 theEuropean Commission found that there were no legal obstacles to Kosovo signing a SAA with the EU, as independence is not required for such an agreement.^[14]
^^a ^b ^cNo Interim Agreement associated with Kosovo's SAA was concluded.^[18]
^Kosovo's SAA was the first signed after the entry into force of theLisbon treaty, which conferred a legal personality to the EU. As a result, unlike previous SAAs Kosovo's is exclusively between it and the EU and Euratom, and the member states are not parties independently.^[15]^[19]^[20]

References

[edit]

^"Enlargement: Pre Acceding Countries & Candidate countries: Potential Candidate Countries". European Union. Archived fromthe original on 23 February 2006.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed".European External Action Service. 2 May 2014. Retrieved2 May 2014.
^"EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo".European Commission. 28 October 2013. Retrieved29 October 2013.
^^a ^b"Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement". 27 October 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2013. Retrieved27 October 2013.
^"Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU".Balkan Insight. 28 October 2013. Retrieved28 October 2013.
^"SAA Agreement with Macedonia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Croatia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Albania". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Montenegro". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"EU, Montenegro complete negotiations on pre-membership deal to bring country closer to bloc".International Herald Tribune. The Associated Press. 1 December 2006. Archived fromthe original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved4 April 2011.
^"SAA Agreement with Bosnia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Serbia". Council of the European Union. Retrieved20 April 2010.
^"SAA Agreement with Kosovo*". Council of the European Union. Retrieved7 December 2016.
^"Feasibility Study for a Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo*"(PDF). European Commission. 10 October 2012. Retrieved24 October 2012.
^^a ^b"EU starts the Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations with Kosovo".European Commission. 28 October 2013. Retrieved29 October 2013.
^"Stabilization and Association Agreement is initialled". Ministry of European Integration of the Republic of Kosovo. 25 July 2014. Retrieved25 July 2014.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and Kosovo signed".European Commission. 27 October 2015. Retrieved27 October 2015.
^"Kosovo to negotiate on Stabilisation and Association Agreement". 27 October 2013. Retrieved27 October 2013.
^"Stabilisation and Association Agreement negotiations successfully completed".European External Action Service. 2 May 2014. Retrieved2 May 2014.
^"Kosovo Launches Crucial SAA Talks With EU".Balkan Insight. 28 October 2013. Retrieved28 October 2013.
^"Information relating to the entry into force of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, of the one part, and Kosovo (*), of the other part".EUR-Lex. 24 March 2016. Retrieved24 March 2016.

External links

[edit]

European Commission Website

Foreign relations of the European Union

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Asia

Europe

Internal

External

Oceania

Former

Yugoslavia

General

†= Disputed state, may not be recognised as an independent state by some or all European Union members.

Multilateral relations and initiatives

Organisations

Initiatives

Administration and policies

Foreign and Security Policy	Global Strategy Neighbourhood Policy Enlargement Security and Defence Policy
Administration	Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development External Action Service Foreign Affairs Council High Representative Josep Borrell Parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee Foreign Policy Instruments Service Diplomatic missionsof the EU (ambassadors) /to the EU Special Representatives
Funding	Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance Global Europe

Common Security and Defence Policy of theEuropean Union

Leadership

Structure

External Action Service	Command structure on the civilian/military strategic and operational levels (Military Planning and Conduct Capability within theMilitary Staff,Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability,Joint Support Coordination Cell) Intelligence and Situation Centre (Club de Berne) Crisis Management and Planning Directorate Security & Defence College
Agencies	Defence Agency Institute for Security Studies Satellite Centre
Council preparatory bodies	Committee of Permanent Representatives Political and Security Committee Politico-Military Group Military Committee Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management
European Commission bodies	Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space
Funding	Defence Fund

Policies

Equipment

Decorations

Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)
Headline Goal 2010
Military Erasmus
Military Mobility (PESCO)
Intelligence School (PESCO)
Kortenberg building
NATO relations (Berlin Plus agreement,Joint Declaration)

European Union articles

History

Timeline

Predecessors

Defence policy

European Communities (1967–2009)

International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951) European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
European Economic Community (1958–1993) European Community (1993–2009)
European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)

Legislature	European Parliament President Vice-Presidents Secretariat Committees Elections Constituencies Political groups European political parties European political foundations Council of the European Union Presidency General Secretariat Eurogroup
Executive	European Council President Euro summit European Commission President Vice-Presidents Commissioners Directorates-General
Judiciary	Court of Justice of the European Union Court of Justice General Court
Central bank	European Central Bank President System of Central Banks Eurosystem
Supreme audit institution	European Court of Auditors Secretary-General

Other
international-law
EU bodies

European Atomic Energy Community
EIB Group
- European Investment Bank
- European Investment Fund
- EIB Institute
European University Institute
European Stability Mechanism
Unified Patent Court

Independent
offices

Agencies

Agencies of the European Union

Advisory
bodies

Military
bodies

Law

Economy

Politics

Concepts	European integration Eurosphere Intergovernmentalism Multi-speed Europe Neofunctionalism Optimum currency area Supranational union Euroscepticism Euromyths Federalisation Pro-Europeanism Budget accountability Censorship Democratic legitimacy Differentiated integration Privileged partnership Potential superpower status
Policies	Area of freedom, security and justice Migration and asylum policy Schengen Area European Judicial Network (criminal matters) Citizenship passports identity card (list) Driving licence Vehicle registration plates Common Foreign and Security Policy Common Security and Defence Policy Permanent Structured Cooperation Enlargement Policy Neighbourhood Policy Global Strategy Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) Eurozone European banking union European Banking Supervision Single Resolution Mechanism Capital Markets Union European System of Financial Supervision Single market Agricultural policy Cultural policies Customs Union Educational policies Energy policy Environmental policy European Green Deal Fisheries policy Healthcare Health Insurance Card Labour mobility Regional development European Structural and Investment Funds Space policy Sport policies VAT Area
Foreign relations	Neighbourhood Policy European Economic Area EEA Joint Committee Energy Community European Political Community European Common Aviation Area European Higher Education Area EU/ESA Framework Agreement EU/ESA Space Council European Peace Facility Economic Partnership Agreements European Union Association Agreement Stabilisation and Association Process Eastern Partnership Euronest Parliamentary Assembly EU Gateway Programme EU Strategy for the South Caucasus Northern Dimension Union for the Mediterranean Global Strategy Free trade agreements Enlargement Current agenda Statistics