St. Mary's County, Maryland | |
|---|---|
County | |
 ReconstructedBlakistone Island Light in 2009 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofMaryland | |
 Maryland's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:38°15′08″N76°33′49″W / 38.252222222222°N 76.563611111111°W /38.252222222222; -76.563611111111 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Maryland |
| Founded | January 24, 1637 |
| Named after | Mary the mother of Jesus |
| Seat | Leonardtown |
| Largest community | California |
| Area | |
• Total | 764 sq mi (1,980 km2) |
| • Land | 357 sq mi (920 km2) |
| • Water | 407 sq mi (1,050 km2) 53% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 113,777 |
| • Density | 318.7/sq mi (123.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 5th |
| Website | www |
St. Mary's County, established in 1637, is acounty located in theU.S. state ofMaryland. As of the2020 census, the population was 113,777.[1] Itscounty seat isLeonardtown.[2] The name is in honor ofMary, the mother ofJesus.[3] St. Mary's County is part of theLexington Park, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area, which also is included in theWashington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PACombined Statistical Area. It is part of theSouthern Maryland region.
The county was the home to the first Maryland Colony, and the first capital of theColony of Maryland. Settled by English Catholics, it is considered to be the birthplace ofreligious freedom in North America, at a time when the British colonies were settled primarily by Protestants.[4] The county is home to thePatuxent River Naval Air Station andSt. Mary's College of Maryland. Traditionally, St. Mary's County has been known for its unique and historic culture of Chesapeake Bay tidewater farming, fishing, and crabbing communities. But with the advent of the military bases, growth of an extensive defense contractor presence, and the growth of St. Mary's College of Maryland, as well as increasing numbers of long-distance Washington, D.C. commuters, it has been undergoing a decades-long transformation which has seen the county's population double since 1970.[5]
The settlement ofLord Baltimore's Maryland began with the arrival of passengers from England atSt. Clement's Island in thePotomac River in what is now southwestern St. Mary's County on March 25, 1634, and the annual anniversary of this landing is celebrated asMaryland Day. The passengers arrived in two vessels, theArk and theDove that had set sail from theIsle of Wight on November 22, 1633. The county is the site of the first Catholic Mass celebrated in one of the original thirteen colonies (after they had become English colonies). Earlier dates of masses being said were during 1526–1527 atSan Miguel de Gualdape.[6]
Due to the small size of the island and its lack of resources, there was no intention to make a permanent settlement on the island. Instead St. Clement's was used as a base for the settlers while scouting for a more suitable site. This was how a bluff overlooking the nearby St. Mary's River was chosen for numerous reasons, and became the site of the first permanent settlement. It would soon be named, "St. Mary's City".
St. Mary's City, Maryland is the site of the first Maryland Capitol and remained so for more than 50 years, until 1695, when the state capital was moved to Annapolis.
Today HistoricSt. Mary's City is a major attraction in Maryland with four museums, a reconstructed colonial village, and the reconstructedMaryland Dove settlers ship. It also has become one of the top archeological research sites in North America.
St. Mary's County was the first county established in Maryland, in 1637, probably by an order of the governor.
In 1649, Lord Baltimore, with the Maryland General Assembly, passed theMaryland Toleration Act, which provided religious freedom for any (Christian) sect and which was the first law of its kind in the New World.[7] There is a statue inSt. Mary's City commemorating this event, along with extensive museums, a reconstructed Colonial town,living history actors, and a replica of theMaryland Dove.
St. Mary's County has some of the oldest extant buildings in English North America. Many of these properties are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.[8] These buildings range through many historical periods, from the 1600s to the 1800s. There are notable buildings of the early twentieth century, as well.[8]
TheUnited States Colored Troops Memorial Statue is a memorial to the more than 700 African-American soldiers and sailors from St. Mary's County who served among the Union forces during the American Civil War. The memorial site includes an educational display and special celebrations are held there each year.
In presidential elections, St. Mary's County leans strongly toward the Republican Party. No Democrat has won the county sinceJimmy Carter did so in 1976. In 2020,Donald Trump received the lowest percentage for a Republican candidate sinceBob Dole in 1996.
| Voter registration and party enrollment as of March 2024[9] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 31,918 | 42.02% | |||
| Democratic | 24,800 | 32.65% | |||
| Unaffiliated | 17,906 | 23.57% | |||
| Libertarian | 490 | 0.65% | |||
| Other parties | 852 | 1.12% | |||
| Total | 75,966 | 100% | |||
| Year | Republican / Whig | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 33,582 | 56.96% | 23,531 | 39.91% | 1,841 | 3.12% |
| 2020 | 30,826 | 55.38% | 23,138 | 41.57% | 1,701 | 3.06% |
| 2016 | 28,663 | 57.51% | 17,534 | 35.18% | 3,645 | 7.31% |
| 2012 | 26,797 | 56.03% | 19,711 | 41.22% | 1,316 | 2.75% |
| 2008 | 24,705 | 55.63% | 19,023 | 42.84% | 681 | 1.53% |
| 2004 | 23,725 | 62.57% | 13,776 | 36.33% | 415 | 1.09% |
| 2000 | 16,856 | 57.14% | 11,912 | 40.38% | 733 | 2.48% |
| 1996 | 11,835 | 49.71% | 9,988 | 41.95% | 1,985 | 8.34% |
| 1992 | 11,485 | 45.78% | 8,931 | 35.60% | 4,669 | 18.61% |
| 1988 | 12,767 | 62.92% | 7,434 | 36.64% | 89 | 0.44% |
| 1984 | 11,201 | 63.39% | 6,420 | 36.33% | 49 | 0.28% |
| 1980 | 8,267 | 51.49% | 6,773 | 42.18% | 1,016 | 6.33% |
| 1976 | 5,640 | 43.83% | 7,227 | 56.17% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1972 | 7,689 | 67.55% | 3,571 | 31.37% | 122 | 1.07% |
| 1968 | 3,348 | 36.49% | 3,280 | 35.75% | 2,547 | 27.76% |
| 1964 | 2,878 | 33.05% | 5,831 | 66.95% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,080 | 34.87% | 5,752 | 65.13% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 4,336 | 55.74% | 3,443 | 44.26% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 4,270 | 54.11% | 3,588 | 45.47% | 33 | 0.42% |
| 1948 | 2,247 | 48.78% | 2,293 | 49.78% | 66 | 1.43% |
| 1944 | 2,673 | 58.57% | 1,891 | 41.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 2,301 | 44.21% | 2,860 | 54.95% | 44 | 0.85% |
| 1936 | 2,286 | 43.63% | 2,829 | 54.00% | 124 | 2.37% |
| 1932 | 1,322 | 30.74% | 2,885 | 67.09% | 93 | 2.16% |
| 1928 | 1,609 | 34.00% | 3,006 | 63.51% | 118 | 2.49% |
| 1924 | 1,653 | 44.64% | 1,949 | 52.63% | 101 | 2.73% |
| 1920 | 2,175 | 53.13% | 1,861 | 45.46% | 58 | 1.42% |
| 1916 | 1,064 | 40.75% | 1,443 | 55.27% | 104 | 3.98% |
| 1912 | 1,262 | 54.02% | 843 | 36.09% | 231 | 9.89% |
| 1908 | 1,333 | 54.47% | 1,011 | 41.32% | 103 | 4.21% |
| 1904 | 1,174 | 48.00% | 1,247 | 50.98% | 25 | 1.02% |
| 1900 | 2,089 | 56.52% | 1,584 | 42.86% | 23 | 0.62% |
| 1896 | 2,044 | 57.56% | 1,471 | 41.42% | 36 | 1.01% |
| 1892 | 1,693 | 52.58% | 1,482 | 46.02% | 45 | 1.40% |
| 1888 | 1,772 | 52.79% | 1,551 | 46.20% | 34 | 1.01% |
| 1884 | 1,773 | 53.15% | 1,540 | 46.16% | 23 | 0.69% |
| 1880 | 1,772 | 53.63% | 1,530 | 46.31% | 2 | 0.06% |
| 1876 | 1,540 | 50.62% | 1,502 | 49.38% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1872 | 1,536 | 57.02% | 1,139 | 42.28% | 19 | 0.71% |
| 1868 | 39 | 3.19% | 1,182 | 96.81% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1864 | 99 | 9.12% | 986 | 90.88% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1860 | 1 | 0.07% | 190 | 13.85% | 1,181 | 86.08% |
| 1856 | 0 | 0.00% | 1,052 | 80.99% | 247 | 19.01% |
| 1852 | 681 | 60.75% | 440 | 39.25% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1848 | 788 | 65.12% | 422 | 34.88% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1844 | 783 | 62.59% | 468 | 37.41% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1840 | 895 | 68.32% | 415 | 31.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1836 | 643 | 77.19% | 190 | 22.81% | 0 | 0.00% |
St. Mary's County is governed by county commissioners, the traditional form of county government in Maryland.
| Position | Name | Affiliation | District | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| President | James R. Guy | Republican | At-Large | |
| Commissioner | Eric Colvin | Republican | District 1 | |
| Commissioner | Michael L. Hewitt | Republican | District 2 | |
| Commissioner | Mike Alderson Jr. | Republican | District 3 | |
| Commissioner | Scott R. Ostrow | Republican | District 4 | |
The county commissioners exercise such executive powers as exist in the government of the county.
St. Mary's County has the oldest documentedsheriff's office in Maryland and one of the oldest in the United States.[11] In 1637, James Baldridge was appointed sheriff. Since 1776, sheriffs in St. Mary's County have been determined by election. Steven A. Hall is the current sheriff. He was sworn in on December 5, 2022.
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 764 square miles (1,980 km2), of which 357 square miles (920 km2) is land and 407 square miles (1,050 km2) (%) is water.[12] It is the second-largest county in Maryland by total area.
Located on theSt. Mary's Peninsula, St. Mary's County is largely bordered by water: thePatuxent River (northeast), theChesapeake Bay (east), thePotomac River (southwest), and theWicomico River (west). Its coastline has many coves, tidal creeks, bays, and inlets. Many coastal areas are made up of mixed clay-and-sand cliffs and bluffs, which protect many parts of the county from storm surges, however, there are low-lying coastal areas with coarse sand or gravel beaches or tidal marshlands, as well. The county has a tiny exclave on the other side of the Potomac river due to the Maryland-Virginia border cutting through a beach near the little wicomico river.
The interior of much of the county is hilly to varying degrees, with forests and agricultural fields. There also are coastal plain areas, much of which are under agriculture or under new development. Residential development has been increasing steadily for decades.
The county's very extensive waters are mostlybrackish, ranging from significant degrees of saltwater in tidal areas that are on or near the Chesapeake Bay, to a greater predominance of freshwater and lower-salt-concentrations in its interior tidal waterways and also further up its bordering rivers.
According to theKöppen climate classification, the county has ahumid subtropical climate (Cfa.) According to theTrewartha climate classification, the climate isCf oroceanic (Do) depending on whether eight or seven months average above 50 °F (10 °C),) respectively. Average monthly temperatures in Leonardtown range from 36.3 °F in January to 78.1 °F in July.[13]
St. Mary's County bordersVirginia, across the Potomac River.[14] St. Mary's County waters also are bordered by Virginia's territorial waters in Potomac tributary mouths on the Virginia side,[14] tidal interface zones,[14] and the Chesapeake Bay.[15] Sometimes, water rights in all of these areas are still disputed.[14][16]
Over time, St. Mary's County has been within severalcore-based statistical areas, as delineated by theOffice of Management and Budget. Since July 2023, theLexington Park, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area has consisted of St. Mary's County and Calvert County.[17] From 2013 to 2023, the California-Lexington Park, MDMetropolitan Statistical Area was coterminous with St. Mary's County,[18] and prior to that, the Lexington Park, MDMicropolitan Statistical Area was conterminous with the county.[19]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1790 | 15,544 | — | |
| 1800 | 13,699 | −11.9% | |
| 1810 | 12,794 | −6.6% | |
| 1820 | 12,974 | 1.4% | |
| 1830 | 13,459 | 3.7% | |
| 1840 | 13,224 | −1.7% | |
| 1850 | 13,698 | 3.6% | |
| 1860 | 15,213 | 11.1% | |
| 1870 | 14,944 | −1.8% | |
| 1880 | 16,934 | 13.3% | |
| 1890 | 15,819 | −6.6% | |
| 1900 | 17,182 | 8.6% | |
| 1910 | 17,030 | −0.9% | |
| 1920 | 16,112 | −5.4% | |
| 1930 | 15,189 | −5.7% | |
| 1940 | 14,626 | −3.7% | |
| 1950 | 29,111 | 99.0% | |
| 1960 | 38,915 | 33.7% | |
| 1970 | 48,388 | 24.3% | |
| 1980 | 59,895 | 23.8% | |
| 1990 | 75,974 | 26.8% | |
| 2000 | 86,211 | 13.5% | |
| 2010 | 105,151 | 22.0% | |
| 2020 | 113,777 | 8.2% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 115,281 | [20] | 1.3% |
| =U.S. Decennial Census[21] 1790-1960[22] 1900-1990[23] 1990-2000[24] 2010[25] 2020[26] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2010[25] | Pop 2020[26] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 80,402 | 80,233 | 76.46% | 70.52% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 14,831 | 15,994 | 14.10% | 14.06% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 339 | 318 | 0.32% | 0.28% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 2,552 | 3,301 | 2.43% | 2.90% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 64 | 86 | 0.06% | 0.08% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 119 | 533 | 0.11% | 0.47% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 2,872 | 6,767 | 2.73% | 5.95% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 3,972 | 6,545 | 3.78% | 5.75% |
| Total | 105,151 | 113,777 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the2010 United States census, there were 105,151 people, 37,604 households, and 27,084 families residing in the county.[27] The population density was 294.4 inhabitants per square mile (113.7/km2). There were 41,282 housing units at an average density of 115.6 per square mile (44.6/km2).[28] The racial makeup of the county was 78.6% white, 14.3% black or African American, 2.5% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.0% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.8% of the population.[27] In terms of ancestry, 17.4% wereIrish, 17.3% wereGerman, 16.0% wereEnglish, 8.8% wereAmerican, and 5.2% wereItalian.[29]
Of the 37,604 households, 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.0% were non-families, and 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.18. The median age was 36.0 years.[27]
The median income for a household in the county was $80,053 and the median income for a family was $89,385. Males had a median income of $61,971 versus $46,487 for females. The per capita income for the county was $34,000. About 4.7% of families and 7.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.[30]
As of 2010, there were 105,000 people in St. Mary's County,[31] up from 84,000 in the year 2000.[32] families residing in the county. Thepopulation density was 238 people per square mile (92 people/km2). There were 34,081 housing units at an average density of36 persons/km2 (94 persons/sq mi)[clarify]. The racial makeup of the county was 81.57%White, 13.92%African American, 0.34%Native American, 1.80%Asian, 0.07%Pacific Islander, 0.61% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 2.00% of the population. 14.8%[32] were ofAmerican, 13.9%[32]German, 13.3%[32]English and 12.1%[32]Irish ancestry.
There were 30,642 households, out of which 25.90%[32] had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.10%[32] weremarried couples living together, 15.10%[32] have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 34.90%[32] were non-families. 29.40%[32] of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.90%[32] had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 15.70%[32] from 18 to 24, 29.50%[32] from 25 to 44, 22.20%[32] from 45 to 64, and 9.10% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 101.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 119.10[32] males.
The median income for a household in the county was $54,706, and the median income for a family was $61,397. Males had a median income of $27,496[32] versus $23,035[32] for females. Theper capita income for the county was $22,662. 7.20% of the population and 5.20% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 28.40%[32] are under the age of 18 and 19.10%[32] are 65 or older.
St. Mary's County is home to anAmish community in theMechanicsville area in the northern part of the county that consists of eight church districts and about 1,000 people. The Amish first came to the area in 1940 after some members left the Amish community inLancaster County, Pennsylvania over a conflict with schooling. The Amish in St. Mary's County maintain dairy and produce farms along with small Amish businesses. There is also anOld Order Mennonite community in the county that stretches as far south asLoveville. In recent years, increasing development has threatened the Amish community.[33]
The county has three naval bases:
Numerous state highways serve St. Mary's County, including:
Maryland Route 4
Maryland Route 5
Maryland Route 6
Maryland Route 234
Maryland Route 235
Maryland Route 236
Maryland Route 237
Maryland Route 238
Maryland Route 239
Maryland Route 242
Maryland Route 243
Maryland Route 244
Maryland Route 245
Maryland Route 246
Maryland Route 247
Maryland Route 249
Maryland Route 470
Maryland Route 471
Maryland Route 472
Maryland Route 489
Maryland Route 520
Maryland Route 584
Maryland Route 712
Maryland Route 863
Maryland Route 868
Maryland Route 944
Maryland Route 945Limited local buses are provided through St. Mary's Transit[35] and commuter bus service to Washington, D.C. is provided byMTA.[36] Southern Maryland Express shuttle services daily schedules to Baltimore (BWI), Dulles (IAD), and Ronald Reagan (DCA).[37]
The nearest commercial airports areReagan National Airport inArlington County, Virginia andBaltimore Washington International Airport in suburban Baltimore.
St. Mary's County also is served by a general aviation airport,Captain Walter Duke Regional Airport nearCalifornia, Maryland
The Census Bureau recognizes the followingcensus-designated places in the county:
Grammy Award-winning singer and songwriterMary Chapin Carpenter wrote a song about St. Mary's County, entitled, "Down in Mary's Land", in 1989[citation needed] She is known for having great affection for St. Mary's County.[citation needed]
An expansion pack for the 2008 video gameFallout 3, entitledPoint Lookout, is set in a post-apocalyptic version of thetitular State Park and its surrounding areas.[41]
Places adjacent to St. Mary's County, Maryland | ||||||||||||||||
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Municipalities and communities ofSt. Mary's County, Maryland,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
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| Other | |
38°15′8″N76°33′49″W / 38.25222°N 76.56361°W /38.25222; -76.56361
