| Sri Lanka Navy | |
|---|---|
| ශ්රී ලංකා නාවික හමුදාව (Sinhala) இலங்கை கடற்படை (Tamil) | |
 Emblem of Sri Lanka Navy | |
| Founded | 1938 |
| Country |  Sri Lanka |
| Type | Navy |
| Role | Naval warfare |
| Size | 40,000 personnel[1] |
| Part of | Sri Lanka Armed Forces |
| Headquarters | SLNS Parakrama,Colombo |
| Motto(s) | Sinhala:රට වට බැඳි රන් වැට Rata Wata Baņdi Ran Wéta English: "The golden fence around the country" |
| Colours | Navy blue and white |
| Anniversaries | Navy Day: 9 December |
| Equipment | |
| Engagements | World War II 1971 JVP Insurrection Insurrection 1987–89 Sri Lankan Civil War Operation Prosperity Guardian[2] |
| Decorations | Military awards and decorations of Sri Lanka |
| Website | www |
| Commanders | |
| Commander-in-Chief | PresidentAnura Kumara Dissanayake |
| Commander of the Navy | Vice AdmiralKanchana Banagoda |
| Chief of staff | Rear Admiral Damian Fernando |
| Deputy Chief of Staff | Rear Admiral Chinthaka Kumarasinghe |
| Notable commanders | Admiral of the FleetWasantha Karannagoda AdmiralDaya Sandagiri AdmiralW.W.E.C. Fernando † AdmiralThisara Samarasinghe AdmiralRavindra Wijegunaratne |
| Insignia | |
| Naval ensign |  |
| Naval jack |  |
| Sri Lanka Navy |
|---|
|
| Components |
| History |
| Ships |
| Leadership and ranks |
TheSri Lanka Navy (SLN) (Sinhala:ශ්රී ලංකා නාවික හමුදාව,romanized: Śrī Laṃkā nāvika hamudāva;Tamil:இலங்கை கடற்படை,romanized: Ilaṅkai kaṭaṟpaṭai) is thenaval arm of theSri Lanka Armed Forces and is classed as the country's most vital defence force due to its island geography. It is responsible for the maritime defence of the Sri Lankan nation and its interests. The role of the Sri Lanka Navy is to conduct operations at sea for the defence of the nation and its interests and conduct prompt and sustainable combat operations at sea in accordance with the national policies.[3]
Sri Lanka, situated in the middle of majorsea lanes passing through theIndian Ocean, was always a magnet for seafarers and has a long history of naval campaigns. The current Sri Lankan Navy was established on 9 December 1950 when the Navy Act was passed for the formation of theRoyal Ceylon Navy. The roots of the modern Sri Lankan Navy date back to 1937 when theCeylon Naval Volunteer Force was established, which was renamed and absorbed into theRoyal Navy as theCeylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during World War II. The current name, Sri Lanka Navy, was constituted in 1972 when Sri Lanka became a republic and with the introduction of new constitution.
It played a key role in theSri Lankan Civil War, conducting surveillance and patrol, amphibious and supply operations. During the war, the navy moved from a small force focused on coastal patrols to a large combat force concentrating onasymmetric naval warfare capable of amphibious and land operations in support ofcounter-insurgency operations that progressed into engagements of a new form oflittoral zone warfare. It carried out expeditionary deployments in the Indian Ocean in order to intercept rogue arm shipments on the high seas. The navy has its own elitespecial forces unit, theSpecial Boat Squadron.
The professional head of the navy is theCommander of the Navy, currentlyVice Admiral Kanchana Banagoda. Thecommander-in-chief of theSri Lanka Armed Forces is thePresident of Sri Lanka, who heads theNational Security Council; theMinistry of Defence is the organization where ship buying policies are made for the navy.[4] The Sri Lanka Navy has five Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessels (equivalent to a traditionalpatrol frigate), threeOffshore Patrol Vessels, twomissile boats, 40fast attack crafts, more than 200patrol boats, seven landing ships/craft, along with six auxiliary vessels.[5]
In January 1938 the Ceylon Naval Volunteer Force (CNVF) was created with Commander W.G. Beauchamp asCommanding Officer under ordinance No I of 1937. On 31 August 1939 at the outset ofWorld War II, the CNVF was mobilised for war duties. It took part in action during theEaster Sunday Raid.[6] Three years later, the CNVF was offered to, and accepted by theRoyal Navy (RN) as aVolunteer Reserve, the Ceylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (CRNVR). It continued under Royal Navy operational and administrative command until March 1946. With the end of the war, it reverted to Ceylon Government control, though yet CRNVR in name. In the 1939–1946 period, the CRNVR carried out several operational duties, mainly at sea. Cutting its teeth on the Port Commission tugs Samson and Goliath, it later manned and operated trawlers and Antarctic whalers converted asminesweepers and fitted out with guns, submarine detection equipment and anti-submarine weaponry. They were HMS Overdale Wyke (the first ship to be purchased by the Government of Ceylon), HMS Okapi, HMS Semla, HMS Sambhur, HMS Hoxa, HMS Balta and HM Tugs Barnet and C 405. In addition the CRNVR manned several Motor Fishing Vessels (MFV),Harbour Defence Motor Launch (HDML) and miscellaneous auxiliary vessels. All were manned exclusively by CRNVR personnel. These ships were meant to sweep and guard the approaches the harbours but were often used on extended missions outside Ceylon waters. In the course of these operations, the ships came under enemy fire, recovered essential information fromImperial Japanese aircraft that were shot down, sailed to Akyab (modernSittwe) after the Burma front was opened in two FMVs for harbour duties, and were called upon to accept the surrender of the ItaliansloopEritrea and escort her to the Colombo port with a prize crew on board.
With Ceylon gaining self-rule from the British in 1948, theParliament of Ceylon passed theNavy Act, No. 34 of 1950 which established the Royal Ceylon Navy (RCyN) on 9 December 1950. The CRNVR served as a source of officers and sailors for the newly established RCyN as one hundred were selected and transferred to the regular naval force. Under the Navy Act, the CRNVR became the volunteer naval force on 9 January 1951 as the Royal Ceylon Volunteer Naval Force (RCVNF). The first warship of the RCyN was commissioned in 1951 asHMCySVijaya, anAlgerine-class minesweeper, ex-HMSFlying Fish along with otherpatrol boats and tugs. It was the policy of His Majesties Government of Ceylon to build a strong navy to be the first line of defence of theisland country. As such the fleet was expanded with the addition of,HMCySParakrama, another Algerine-class minesweeper (ex-HMSPickle), two Canadian-built "River" class frigatesHMCySMahasena (ex-HMCSOrkney,Violetta and ex-Israeli shipMivtach),HMCySGajabahu (ex-HMCSHallowell, ex-IsraeliMisnak) and an oceangoing tug (ex-HMSAdept). The RCyN took part in several joint naval exercises and a goodwill missions. CommodoreRoyce de Mel became the first Ceylonese to head the navy as he was appointed Captain of the RCyN in 1955. In 1959, the navy took over the strategicRoyal Naval Dockyard, Trincomalee as the last of the British forces in Ceylon withdrew. In 1960, flexing its blue water capability a naval fleet undertook a deployment to the far east. Its return resulted in scandal as a search for contraband took place. A Commission of Inquiry into the incident resulted in the dismissal of several officers (with commissions withdrawn and others retired) and the compulsory retirement of Rear Admiral de Mel, who was thereafter implicated in anattempt military coup d'état in 1962.[7][8]
In the aftermath of the attempted coup, the armed forces saw major budget cuts that dramatically halted the expansion it enjoyed in the 1950s. UnderN. Q. Dias, theMinistry of External Affairs and Defence changed its defence policy taking steps to prevent a further coup attempts. Joint operations among armed services were stopped, with the army to focused on internal security and the role of the navy was scaled down. As a result, several of its ships were sold off and its size reduced by the stoppage of recruitment of officers cadets and sailors for over seven years, the loss of important bases and barracks and the stoppage of training in the United Kingdom. Two batches of 300 ratings were recruited in 1966 and 1969.[9][10][11]
As a result, in 1971 the navy was poorly equipped and short of personnel when the1971 JVP Insurrection broke out. RCyN had only one warship, HMCySGajabahu which was not put to sea as its crew were dispatched with other naval personnel for shore duty. RCyN initially mounted the defence of ports and thereafter carryout offensive counterinsurgency operations against the insurgents. During the insurrection navy suffered its first combat casualties and went on to man detention centres to rehabilitate surrendered insurgents after it was crushed in a few months. Ceylon, however, had to rely on theIndian Navy to established an exclusion zone around the island.[10][11]
With the JVP insurrection, the Government felt the limitations of the RCyN and the need to strengthen the navy. ThePeople's Republic of China gifted twoType 062-class gunboat and these were commissioned in February 1972, while three more were ordered.[12]
In July 1972 the "Dominion of Ceylon" became the "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka" and the Royal Ceylon Navy became theSri Lanka Navy. Theensign, along with the Flag Officers' flags, were redesigned. The term "Captain of the Navy", introduced in the Navy Act, was changed to "Commander of the Navy", in keeping with the terminology adopted by the other two services. Finally, "Her Majesty's Ceylon Ships" (HMCyS) became "Sri Lankan Naval Ships" (SLNS).[13]
SLN received three more Type 062-class gunboats in December 1972, while theUSSR gifted aShershen-class torpedo boat in 1975. These gunboats allowed the SLN to carry out effective coastal patrolling and several cruises to regional ports. New bases were established to counter smuggling operations in the coastal areas. Five inshore patrol crafts were ordered from Cheverton, while six coastal patrol craft were built by the Colombo Dockyards.[13]
At the begin of the civil war in the 1980s the navy found itself poorly equipped to face the new threats theLTTE created. It found itself engaging in anti-smuggling operations to counter LTTE gun running between India and Sri Lanka. As the larger gun boats proved ineffective against faster small boats used by the LTTE with outboard motors, the navy began deploying small boats withwaterjets and inshore patrol boats armed with machine guns to police its waters. The LTTE responded with mounting machine guns and attacking the navy boats. This began anasymmetric war at sea, taking place primarily in the coastal waters among small boats of the navy and the LTTE naval arm theSea Tigers. The decades long conflict saw the escalation of the size, firepower and speed of the boats with new techniques deployed by both sides. The Sea Tigers mastered the art of using sophisticatedsuicide crafts against naval vessels both small and large. The navy acquired in the late 1980s IsraeliDvora-class fast patrol boats which it designated as Fast Attack Crafts (FAC). The FACs of theFast Attack Flotilla became the workhorses of the navy's offensive and defensive operations against the Sea Tigers. In the 1990s and 2000sSuper Dvora class boats were added and a locally builtColombo class was introduced in larger numbers. These proved highly successful in limiting the LTTE's use of the seas.[13]
During the war the navy increased its fleet of larger vessels by introducing two locally builtJayasagara class offshore patrol vessels and purchasing several more Type 062-class gunboats. The navy lost several ships in the 1990s to Sea Tiger attacks by suicide crafts such as in the sinking ofSLNSSagarawardena andSLNSRanaviru and the use of suicide frogmen such as in thebombing of SLNSSooraya and SLNSRanasuru. Due to the threat posed by the Sea Tigers, the navy had to undertakeconvoy duty to escort shipping to the Jaffna peninsula to which all land routes were controlled by the LTTE. In order keep supply lines open to Jaffna, the navy employed several auxiliary ships. It also deployed auxiliary ships to support FACs.[13]
In the early 1980s a land combat force named Naval Patrolmen was created which at first limited itself to base defence and, as its numbers increased, took part in offensive operations against theLTTE along with the Sri Lankan Army. An elite naval special forces unit called theSpecial Boat Squadron was created in the late 1980s based on the BritishSpecial Boat Service.[14]
In order to support ground operations of the army, landing ships and boats were acquired. In early 1990s the SLN carried out in conjunction with the army its firstamphibious operation code namedOperation Sea Breeze followed by the largerOperation Balavegaya a year later and on the seas it began an aggressive clamp down on LTTE actives including gunrunning. In 1992, AdmiralW.W.E. Clancy Fernando, the commander of the navy was assassinated by asuicide bomb attack by the LTTE.[13]
The mid-1990s saw a slow expansion of larger fleet assets with addition of newer Type 062-class gun boats and aHaiqing classsubmarine chaser being added to the fleet to intercept arms shipments destined for the Tigers within Sri Lankan territorial waters. In 2000 the Navy started afleet air arm (FAA) by acquiring a HAL Chetak from India to expand its surveillance capability by operating from newly acquiredOffshore Patrol Vessels. During the same timeconventional warfare capability was increased by the addition ofSa'ar 4-class missile boats. In 2004, the navy received aReliance-class cutter from the United States Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program.[15]
Following the resumption of hostilities between the government of Sri Lanka and the LTTE since early 2006, the navy took up an active role in limiting the LTTE's use of the seas. This resulted in several major sea battles occurring during the course of 2006, 2007 and 2009. Most significant of the events during this time was the interception and sinking of several large cargo ships that were bringingillegal arms shipments to the LTTE in theIndian Ocean in international waters (Sri Lanka Navy anti arms smuggling operations). These naval operations have proven theblue water capability of the Sri Lankan Navy.
During the war the navy, along with the army, developed its own weapons development programmes to produce and maintain weapon systems suited for indigenous requirements in collaboration withColombo Dockyard which included theJayasagara class,Colombo class and theRanavijaya class; while the navy designed and developed theArrow class.
Apart from continued deployments at sea the navy has played a significant role in supporting all major operations carried out by theArmy including several amphibious operations.
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With the end of the civil war, the navy has begun reorienting itself for the future defence of the island. This has led to force redeployment, training exercises and transfer of certain duties to the newly formedSri Lanka Coast Guard. In the post war years the navy has expanded its maritime operations to fisheries control and to counter human trafficking. Operations to counter illegal poaching by Tamil Nadu fishermen have led to allegations that personnel from the Sri Lanka Navy have attacked more than twelve fishermen, two of whom have died, in a series of disputes.[16][17] Australia transferred twoBay-class patrol boats to the Sri Lanka Navy, following its Prime Minister's visit to the island for theCommonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in November 2013.[18] The first of these vessels was delivered in April 2014.
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Expanding its blue water capability the navy began commissioning larger fleet assets equivalent to Patrol frigates, which it termed asAdvanced Offshore Patrol Vessels. In April and August 2018 two 105m long vessels of theSaryu-class were commissioned. Built byGoa Shipyard on order to the Sri Lanka navy, these were the largest purpose built ships for the Sri Lanka Navy.[19]
In 2017, SLNSSayurala took part in Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) International Fleet Review 2017 inThailand. This is the longest foreign tour (21 days) an SLN Ship undertook after the year 1965 with 127 sailors including 18 officers.[20] This followed in 2018 by SLNSSagara which sailed toIndonesia to attend the Multilateral Naval Exercise “Komodo” and “International Fleet Review” (IFR) 2018,[21] while SLNSSamudura and SLNSSuranimala sailed to India to take part inMilan.[22] The navy participated inExercise RIMPAC for the first time in 2018, sending a contingent of marines to the international maritime exercise.[23]
In August 2018, the navy took over aHamilton-classhigh endurance cutter which was transferred to the Navy from United States under the EDA program. Commissioned in June 2019 as an Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel, it became the largest combat vessel in the Sri Lankan navy at 3250 tonnes and second former United States cutter in its service.[24]
In June 2019, the navy took over aType 053H2G frigate which was transferred to the Navy from China. It will be armed withdual Type 79 100 mm naval guns and twoType 76A dual-37 mm anti-aircraft guns to function as an Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel.[25][26]
In August 2021, the navy dispatched itsLanding Ship, Tank SLNSShakthi to sail to thePort of Chennai to sealift urgently needed medical grade oxygen needed for theCOVID-19 situation in the island.[27] On 26 October 2021, the navy formally took over the second Hamilton-class high endurance cutter transferred from the United States at theUSCG Station Seattle under the EDA program. It is due to reach its home port in 2022, following a seven-month refit in Seattle.[28]
In March 2022, the Government of Sri Lanka signed several defence agreements with the Government of India which included the establishment of aMaritime Rescue Coordinating Centre on an Indian grant as well as the acquisition ofDornier 228 maritime reconnaissance aircraft to the Sri Lanka Air Force to operate with naval personnel. A 4,000 tonfloating dock constructed byGoa Shipyard was also acquired as part of a grant from India, to facilitate repair and maintenance of larger fleet units based at Trincomalee instead of having to depend dry dock facilities in Colombo.[29]
In January 2024, the President of Sri Lanka announced plans to deploy a navy ship to theRed Sea to join the maritime coalition defending shipping against increased attacks byHouthi rebels in Yemen.[30] The navy has decided to deploy one of its fiveAdvanced Offshore Patrol Vessels to the Red Sea as part ofOperation Prosperity Guardian.[31]
As of present, most of the Sri Lankan Navy is deployed for domestic defence with the end of combat operations, while foreign deployments are carried out from time to time.
Due to theSri Lankan Civil War the navy has been on a constant mobilized (includingreservist) state since the 1980s (except for a brief period from 2002 to 2005). The majority of the naval units both at sea and ground-based are deployed in the North and Eastern provinces of the country, as well as in other parts of the country. The security of all major ports of the country is the responsibility of the navy, due to terrorist activity.Fisheries protection in the territorial waters and theExclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka.
The professional head of the navy is theCommander of the Navy (C of N) who reports directly to the Minister of Defence. The Commander of the Navy exercises operational and administrative control of the Navy fromNaval Headquarters inSLNS Parakrama,Colombo. He is assisted by theChief of Staff (C of S); who along with Directors General and Directors comprise theBoard of Management (BOM) andBoard of Directors (BOD) of the Sri Lanka Navy.
| Post | Rank | Incumbent |
|---|---|---|
| Commander of the Navy | Vice Admiral | Kanchana Banagoda |
| Chief of Staff | Rear Admiral | KDDC Fernando |
| Deputy Chief of Staff | Rear Admiral | WDCU Kumarasinghe |
The following posts make up the Board of Management:[33]
The Navy has sevencommands known as Naval Area Commands, each under the control of aflag officer for effective command and administrative control. This is in order to efficiently maintain all ships, crafts and vehicles; and to ensure the operational readiness of commands and units each area shall have its own harbour/ base, repair and refitting facilities, signal centres, logistic, civil engineering and medical facilities.
Seven Naval Area Commands (see image to the right)
Sri Lanka Navy consists following branches to which personnel are attached to;
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At the formation of the Royal Ceylon Navy in 1950, it looked to theRoyal Navy to its training in the formational years. Naval rating training was initiated locally with Royal Navy instructors atRoyal Naval Dockyard, Trincomalee while officer cadets and specialist training took place in the United Kingdom. Initial batches of officer cadets were sent toBritannia Royal Naval College, along with specialized training at trade schools of the Royal Navy, while senior officers were sent to theRoyal Naval College, Greenwich and to theRoyal College of Defence Studies. Following the resuspension of recruitment following the suspension from 1962 to 1967, theNaval and Maritime Academy was established for basic officer training. With the rapid expansion of the Sri Lankan armed forces in the 1980s and 1990s saw the establishment of local specialist and trade schools in the navy, along with staff colleges and a defence university. At present the Director General Training directs all naval training establishments.
All pre-commissioning training for officers are carried out at theNaval and Maritime Academy (NMA) at the SLN Dockyard inTrincomalee and short/specialised officer training is conducted at the SLNS Gemunu, Welisara. This training includes theoretical aspects covered at the training institute followed by a practical exposure on board the Sri Lanka Navy fleet at sea. The Naval & Maritime Academy also has specialist schools for training areas such asASW,diving,medicine,combat,NBCD and sniper. It also conducts the Sub Lieutenant Technical Course for newlycommissioned officers, the Junior Naval Staff Course forstaff officers and the Long Logistics Management Course (LLMC) forlogistics officers of the navy. TheGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU) formed in 1981 and situated in Ratmalana, fourteen kilometres south of Colombo, is Sri Lanka's only university specialising in defence studies. Apart from postgraduate defence studies each year, approximately fifty cadets from all three services are admitted to the university (aged 18–22) to participate in a three-year programme of under graduate studies.[34]
Senior officers of the ranks ofLieutenant Commander andCommander follow theCommand and Staff Course at theDefence Services Command and Staff College (DSCSC) at Batalanda, Makola which allows officers to gain a Masters Of Science (Defence Studies) degree from the KDU. Senior officers destined forflag rank attend the prestigiousNational Defence College (NDC) inColombo which is the highest level of training leading to a Master of Philosophy from the KDU. The navy continuous to send its senior officers for overseas training.
Basic training for new recruits (approximately six months) are conducted at Advanced Naval Training Centre, SLNS 'Nipuna'; Naval Institute of Technology, SLNS 'Thakshila', Welisara; and at Naval Recruit Training Centres at several shore establishments. This basic training will be followed byon-the-job training on-board fleet units and at shore establishments. Combat Training School at SLNS 'Pandukabaya' conducts combat training forNaval Patrolmen.
Additional training is carried out inUK,India,Pakistan andAustralia.
The Sri LankanNaval fleet consists of above 250 combat, support ships and inshore patrol craft, with most originating from the United States, China, India, Israel. WhileNaval Boat Building Yard,Colombo Dockyard provide locally.[35]
| Type | Vessels | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessels equivalent to traditionalpatrol frigates |  | ||
| Offshore Patrol Vessels Deployed on the high seas to carry out surveillance and interception of illegal arms smuggling and to monitor naval activity within theEEZ. | .jpg) | ||
| Fast Missile Vessels | added to the SLN in 2001 when two IsraeliSaar 4 classmissile boats were acquired. These vessels, which are referred to as theNandimithra class and are equipped withGabriel IIanti-ship missiles, increased the SLN's conventional warfare capability and provide a multi-role platform for different operations undertaken by the navy.[43] | .jpg) | |
| Fast Gun Boats (FGB) | carry out a multi-role missions from coastal patrols to shore bombardment in support of amphibious operations. FGBs consist of ships from the ChineseLushun class,Haizhui class andShanghai II class.[44][45] | - | |
| Patrol Boats | Bay-class patrol boats are the latest type of craft to be added to the fleet. They were given to Sri Lanka by the Australian government in 2013, to help the Sri Lanka Navy's efforts to reduce smuggling and other illegal trafficking. The first of these was delivered in April 2014. They were commissioned in July 2014 as SLNS Rathnadeepa and SLNS Mihikatha. | .jpg) | |
| Fast Attack Craft | They are primarily deployed in offensive operations for thedenial of sea, they were also used for defensive operations to prevent Sea Tigersuicide craft from attacking both naval and civilian ships by operating as escorts. There are several classes of FACs in SL Navy. | .jpg) | |
| Inshore Patrol Craft | Inshore Patrol Craft are small vessels (14 metres long) which are capable of operating inshore as well as for beaching. They are capable of speeds in excess of 30 knots and are used forsmall boat operations, harbour defence and amphibious operations.[35] | .jpg) | - |
| Littoral Attack Craft | Littoral Warfare Craft are small (7 metres long) and highly manoeuvrableArrow class attack speedboats. They also have a high degree of firepower for vessels their size. Introduced in 2006, these boats are manufactured by the SLN's own boatyard and used by the eliteSpecial Boat Squadron (SBS) and theRapid Action Boat Squadron (RABS) forsmall boat operations. | - | |
| Amphibious Warfare Vessels | The SLN has several vessels to support amphibious operations it carries out. These includeYuhai classTank landing ship SLNSShathi;Ranavijaya classutility landing crafts (Locally built);Yunnan classmechanized landing crafts and anABS M-10Utility craft air cushion.[44] |  | |
| Auxiliary Vessels | The Navy also has severalauxiliary vessels such asfast personnel carriers andreplenishment ships. Fast personnel carriers arecatamarans which were used for both troop and civilian transport, running the gauntlet of LTTE suicide craft. SLNs fleet of non-commissioned underway replenishment ships have been used recently forreplenishment at sea ininternational waters. |  |
Sri Lanka often conducts and participates in naval exercises with other friendly forces and countries designed to increase naval cooperation and also to strengthen cooperative security relationships.
| Exercise | Navy/Navies/Air Forces | First Edition | Last Edition | Total Editions | Notes/ References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONEX | Sri Lanka Coast Guard,Sri Lanka Air Force | 2019 | 2023 | 5 | [48] |
| SLINEX | Indian Navy | 2012 | 2022 | 9 | [49][50] |
| Exercise Dosti | Indian Coast Guard,Maldives National Defence Force | 2024 | 16 | [51] |
In 2016, the Sri Lanka Navy formed its firstbattalion ofMarines specializing inamphibious warfare. The unit started training under the assistance of the11th Marine Expeditionary Unit of theUnited States Marine Corps in November 2016 and received further training from theCommando Regiment ofSri Lanka Army.[52][53][54][55]
The first group consisting of 164 Marines, consisting of 6 officers and 158 sailors, passed out on 27 February 2017 from Naval Base SLNS Barana in Mullikulam in a ceremony attended by the PresidentMaithripala Sirisena, and the Commander of the Navy Vice AdmiralRavindra Wijegunaratne alongside the tri-force Commanders and other senior officers. On July 29, 2017, Vice Admiral Wijegunarathna opened the new Marine Headquarters, SLNS Vidura inSampoor,Trincomalee.[56][57]
TheParama Weera Vibhushanaya is the highest award for valour awarded in the Sri Lankan armed forces. Navy recipients include;
Over 23,790 Sri Lankan armed forces personnel were killed since the start of the civil war in 1981 to its end in 2009, this includes 2admirals killed in active duty or assassinated.[58] 659 service personnel were killed due to the second JVP insurrection from 1987 to 1990. 53 service personnel were killed and 323 were wounded in the first JVP insurrection from 1971 to 1972.[59] Notable fallen members includes;
Women in the Sri Lanka Navy were taken for the first time in 1985;[61] For women in the Sri Lanka Navy, there is no separate branch or department. Women can join both as officers and sailors.
Today women are recruited to both the regular andvolunteer forces. At first limited to the medical branch, currently females are able to join some other branches of the navy. In 2007, the navy appointed its first-ever femaleCommodore, Surgeon Commodore Indranee Y. Amarasinghe.[62]
The following tables present the military ranks and insignia of the Sri Lanka Navy. These ranks generally correspond with those of Western or Commonwealth Nations militaries, and reflect those of the British warrant officer, non-commissioned officer and enlisted ranks and the Commissioned officer ranks. Sri Lanka does have an Admiral rank, but it is usually only awarded to theChief of Defence Staff (CDS) or as an honorary rank.
| Rank group | General / flag officers | Senior officers | Junior officers | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Sri Lanka Navy[63] |  |   |   |   |  |  |  |  |  |  | .svg) | |||||||||||||
| Admiral of the fleet | Admiral | Vice admiral | Rear admiral | Commodore | Captain | Commander | Lieutenant commander | Lieutenant | Sub-lieutenant | Midshipman | ||||||||||||||
| Rank group | Senior NCOs | Junior NCOs | Enlisted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sri Lanka Navy[63] |  |  |  |  |  | No insignia | No insignia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Master chief petty officer | Fleet chief petty officer | Chief petty officer | Petty officer | Leading seaman | Able seaman | Seaman recruit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Sri Lanka Navy set a medium-term fleet expansion goal targeting ten new vessels in its 'Sri Lanka Navy 2025' plan as part of its expansion ofblue water operations.[64]
According to the Maritime Doctrine of Sri Lanka (MDSL) published in 2020, the establishment ofNaval Aviation consisting of helicopters and drones have been proposed and initial steps have been taken.[65]
Naval variant of a locally developedguided missile and 40-barrel and 20-barrelMRLS to be soon installed on naval vessels.[66][67]
The Navy planned to purchase a locally constructed 110m OPV and 10 45m Fast Patrol Boats from the Colombo Dockyard PLC, alongside a 95.6m corvette from China. However, the plans were suspended in 2022 due to the lack of funds and instead the navy decided to obtain similar vessels for free from friendly countries.[68]In January 2024 the United States deputy secretary of state for management and resourcesRichard R. Verma stated that the US will provide another Offshore Patrol Vessel to the Sri Lanka Navy.[69]
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