Sri Ganganagar | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Shri Nageshwar Mahadev Jyotirling Mandir | |
| Nickname: Food Basket of Rajasthan | |
  Sri Ganganagar Location in Rajasthan, India Show map of Rajasthan Sri Ganganagar Sri Ganganagar (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:29°55′N73°53′E / 29.92°N 73.88°E /29.92; 73.88 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Sri Ganganagar |
| Established | 1927; 98 years ago (1927) |
| Founded by | Ganga Singh |
| Named after | Ganga Singh |
| Government | |
| • Type | State Government |
| • Body | Government of India |
| Area | |
• Total | 43.35 km2 (16.74 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 178 m (584 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 240 m (790 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 237,780 |
| • Density | 5,485/km2 (14,210/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi[2] |
| • Additional official | English[2] |
| • Commonly spoken | See§ Languages |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 335001 |
| Telephone code | 0154 / +91-154 |
| ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
| Vehicle registration | RJ-13 |
| Sex ratio | 947♂/♀ |
| Website | sriganganagar.rajasthan.gov.in |
Sri Ganganagar is a city in the northernmost part of theIndianstate ofRajasthan, located near theinternational border withPakistan. It is the administrative headquarters ofSri Ganganagar district. The city was established by theMaharaja Ganga Singh ofBikaner State, who introduced canal irrigation to this arid region. The city is named after him.[3] With the construction of theGang Canal and later the Bhakra irrigation system, the area was transformed from arid land into fertile fields, leading to its description as the "food basket of Rajasthan".[4][5]
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The area comprising the presentSri Ganganagar district has been a part of the erstwhileBikaner State of formerRajputana.[6] Sri Ganganagar was established byMaharaja Ganga Singh.[7] Sri Ganganagar is one of the first well-planned modern cities of India. It is divided into residential blocks and a commercial area which includes an agricultural marketplace.
It is located at the point where theSutlej River enters Rajasthan and the formerBikaner State. This area first came under the jurisdiction ofBahawalpur state, but the area was unguarded, and Hindu Mal, a companion of Maharaja Ganga Singh, took advantage of this opportunity and moved the posts along the boundary. He started his journey to change posts fromSuratgarh in the south, and went until what is now Hindumalkot in the north. He informed the Maharaja about his successful invasion of the area when he reached the northern part and thereafter died, giving name to the city Hindumalkot.
From 1899 to 1900, the Bikaner State was affected by a severe famine. To resolve this issue, Maharaja Ganga Singh obtained the services of AWE Standley, an engineer, who demonstrated the feasibility of the western area of the Bikaner State being irrigated by the waters of theSutlej. The plan of the Sutlej Valley Project was drawn by the chief engineer of Punjab, RG Kennedy, according to which the vast area of theBikaner State could be irrigated. However, the project was delayed due to objections by the state of Bahawalpur.
With the intervention of the Viceroy of India,Lord Curzon in 1906, a Tripartite Conference was held and an agreement was reached on 4 September 1920. The foundation stone of the Canal Head Works at Ferozepur was laid on 5 December 1925 and the work completed in 1927 by constructing 143 km (89 mi) of lined canal. The opening ceremony was performed on 26 October 1927 byLord Irwin, then Viceroy of India.[8] The city celebrates its foundation on the same day.
The plan for the city of Sri Ganganagar was drawn at this time. Sri Ganganagar district was formed from the irrigated parts of the Bikaner State on 30 March 1949[9]. Part of the district was later split off to formHanumangarh district in 1994.
Sri Ganganagar District is between latitudes 28.4 and 30.6 and longitudes 72.2 and 75.3[10] The total area of Sri Ganganagar is 11,154.66 km2 (1,115,466 ha; 4,306.84 sq mi). It is surrounded on the east byHanumangarh district, (formerly part of Sri Ganganagar district) on the south west byAnupgarh district, (formerly part of Sri Ganganagar district) on the south byBikaner District, on the west byBahawalnagar district of thePakistani Punjab, and on the north byFazilka district ofIndian Punjab.
Indira Gandhi Canal, the largest canal in India, is located in Sri Ganganagar district.
Although Sri Ganganagar district lies in theThar Desert, irrigation via the Indira Gandhi andGanga Canals has changed the flora and fauna. The district can be classified into five geographical regions:
| Climate data for Sri Ganganagar (1991–2020, extremes 1937–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.1 (97.0) | 35.0 (95.0) | 42.2 (108.0) | 47.0 (116.6) | 49.4 (120.9) | 48.7 (119.7) | 47.8 (118.0) | 44.4 (111.9) | 43.8 (110.8) | 41.3 (106.3) | 39.0 (102.2) | 31.5 (88.7) | 49.4 (120.9) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 29.3 (84.7) | 36.7 (98.1) | 43.8 (110.8) | 46.8 (116.2) | 46.6 (115.9) | 43.4 (110.1) | 41.3 (106.3) | 40.3 (104.5) | 39.1 (102.4) | 34.4 (93.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 46.9 (116.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 30.1 (86.2) | 37.3 (99.1) | 41.9 (107.4) | 41.6 (106.9) | 38.9 (102.0) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.9 (98.4) | 35.2 (95.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 33.2 (91.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 21.9 (71.4) | 28.5 (83.3) | 33.3 (91.9) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.2 (91.8) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.2 (79.2) | 19.5 (67.1) | 14.0 (57.2) | 25.2 (77.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 8.8 (47.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.2 (82.8) | 27.4 (81.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 6.9 (44.4) | 18.3 (64.9) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 8.3 (46.9) | 13.5 (56.3) | 19.2 (66.6) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.2 (68.4) | 13.7 (56.7) | 7.1 (44.8) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.7 (35.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) | −2.8 (27.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | 6.9 (44.4) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.2 (61.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 10.3 (50.5) | 1.7 (35.1) | −1.7 (28.9) | −2.8 (27.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 7.7 (0.30) | 15.3 (0.60) | 14.1 (0.56) | 11.7 (0.46) | 16.6 (0.65) | 53.5 (2.11) | 69.7 (2.74) | 54.5 (2.15) | 59.1 (2.33) | 5.0 (0.20) | 2.2 (0.09) | 2.4 (0.09) | 311.9 (12.28) |
| Average rainy days | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 18.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 58 | 49 | 42 | 27 | 24 | 35 | 52 | 56 | 52 | 44 | 50 | 57 | 46 |
| Source 1:India Meteorological Department[11][12][13][14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[15] | |||||||||||||
According to the2011 census Sri Ganganagar city and outgrowths had a population of 237,780.[16][1] Ganganagar had asex ratio of 859 females for every 1000 males. Males constitute 53.8% of the population and females 46.2%. Ganganagar had an effectiveliteracy rate of 74.25%: male literacy is 88.03%, and female literacy is 76.23%. In Ganganagar, 19.6% of the population is under 6 years of age.[1]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 86.79% | |||
| Sikhism | 9.49% | |||
| Islam | 3.05% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.67% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
The majority of the population isHindu, followed bySikh andMuslim.[16]
Hindi andEnglish serve as official languages of the city.Punjabi, Hindi,Rajasthani andBagri are the most commonly spoken languages.[17][18]
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Desert land was converted to a green town by the efforts of Maharaja Ganga Singh, who brought the Ganga Canal. It carries the excess waters of Punjab andHimachal Pradesh to the region.
The economy of the city is based on agriculture; its main crops are wheat, mustard and cotton. Other crops include guar, bajra, sugar cane and grams. In recent years, farmers are diverting towards horticulture.Kinnow (a citrus family fruit or a hybrid citrus fruit) is a popular horticultural product; other fruits of the citrus family are also grown. The city also have the largest carrot market of Rajasthan.
Industries in Sri Ganganagar District are based on agriculture. Major industries arecotton ginning and pressing factories, mustard oil mills, wheat flour mills, and sugar mills.[21] (known for its Royal Heritage Liqueurs),[22][23]
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Rojhri Dham is a complex of religious sites dedicated to the worship of theHindudeityHanuman. Dham attracts local worshipers throughout the year. OnChaitraPurnima andAshvin Purnima every year, largejagrans are organised, where thousands of people assemble to pay homage to the deity. Hanuman Sewa Samiti manages the temple andjagrans. The temple of Hanuman is on the right side of Anupgarh-Bikaner road, about one kilometre from Rojhri Village. It is approximately 55 km (34 mi) fromAnupgarh, 22 km (14 mi) fromRawla Mandi, 17 km (11 mi) fromChhatargarh and 185 km (115 mi) south-west of Sri Ganganagar.
Sri Ganganagar is well connected with road and is linked directly to Delhi, Jaipur, Ludhiana, Chandigarh, Sikar, Karnal, Haridwar, Bathinda, Ambala, Jodhpur and many other cities. National Highway 62 passes through Sri Ganganagar. Auto rickshaws and cycle rickshaws are majorly used for local transport in Sri Ganganagar.
Sri Ganganagar Junction railway station is a main railway station inSri Ganganagar District. The city is directly connected toDelhi,Jaipur,Kota,Bikaner,Haridwar,Hanumangarh,Jodhpur,Ambala,Sikar,Bathinda,Firozpur,Fazilka,Howrah,Trivandrum,Nanded,Ahmedabad,Pune,Roorkee,Kanpur,Bangalore and some other cities via train.
Lalgarh Airport is a main airport in Sri Ganganagar District.
Ganganagar district is named after its headquarters which itself is named after Maharaja Ganga Singh (1887 to 1943), the ruler of the former Bikaner State, whose indefatigable and ceaseless efforts resulted in the Gang Canal being brought to the thirsty and arid lands of this district.
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