| SPRINTER | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 ASprinter train waits at Oceanside Transit Center | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overview | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service type | Hybrid rail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locale | North County region of San Diego County, California, USA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First service | March 9, 2008; 17 years ago (2008-03-09)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current operator | North County Transit – San Diego Railroad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daily ridership | 5,800 (weekdays, Q2 2025)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual ridership | 1,893,900 (2024)[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | gonctd | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Route | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Termini | Oceanside Transit Center Escondido Transit Center | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stops | 15[1][4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distance travelled | 22 miles (35 km)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average journey time | 53 minutes[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Service frequency | Half-hourly (34 per day)[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line used | Escondido Subdivision | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rolling stock | 12Siemens Desiro[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating speed | Avg.:25 mph (40 km/h) Top: 50 mph (80 km/h)[6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Timetable number | 399 (internal documents only)[7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sprinter (stylized inall caps) is ahybrid rail line—light rail with some features similar tocommuter rail—operating in theNorth County region ofSan Diego County, California. It runs between the cities ofEscondido andOceanside, California, primarily using the 22-mile (35 km)Escondido Subdivision, though it briefly deviates onto anelevated viaduct to serve theCalifornia State University, San Marcos campus. The service is owned and operated byNorth County Transit – San Diego Railroad (NCTD).
The line has fifteen stations[4][8] serving Oceanside,Vista,San Marcos, and Escondido, including stops at California State University, San Marcos, andPalomar College. Sprinter trains operate every 30 to 60 minutes and primarily serve students and commuters.
NCTD also operates theCoaster commuter rail service and the Breeze bus network. At theOceanside Transit Center, the Sprinter provides connections to Breeze buses, the Coaster, twoMetrolink lines (theOrange County Line andInland Empire–Orange County Line), andAmtrak’sPacific Surfliner inter-city rail service.
Sprinter is the firstpassenger train service along theEscondido Branch since theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway discontinued passenger service in 1946. Originally built in 1888, the entire line had to be rebuilt to accommodate more traffic and be elevated because the line runs along a river.[9]
The funding for Sprinter originated with theTransNet Tax (Proposition C) measure passed by San Diego County voters in 1987 to relieve traffic congestion. A third of the tax was dedicated to mass transit.[10][11] The $477 million project also was funded through a $152 million Full Funding Grant Agreement from the Federal Transit Administration.[9]
NCTD purchased the line in 1992 from theSanta Fe Railroad. Sprinter was officially “founded” in 2005, with construction starting on the line that same year and scheduled for completion in December 2007. Sprinter was previewed on December 28, 2007,[12][13] with full revenue service scheduled to begin on January 13, 2008. Opening was delayed due to safety and other concerns,[14][15] and began on March 9, 2008.[1]
Sprinter was the least expensive rail project per mile of 10 rail projects built or planned in California in 2005.[16]American Public Works Association (APWA) awarded Sprinter the Transportation Project of the Year for projects valued over $75 million.[16]
Sprinter runs every 30 minutes in both directions seven days a week, from approximately 4 am to 9 pm.[8] Trains run later on Friday and Saturday evenings, to approximately 10:30pm (westbound to Oceanside), and to approximately 11:30pm (eastbound to Escondido).[17] Saturday/Sunday/Holiday trains operate every 30 minutes between 10 am and 6 pm and hourly before 10 am and after 6 pm.[8]
Sprinter serves a total of 15 stations,[4] including the two termini at Oceanside and Escondido. Three of these stations are transit centers – the two termini,Oceanside Transit Center andEscondido Transit Center, along with theVista Transit Center station.
| Location | Station | Connections |
|---|---|---|
| Oceanside | Oceanside Transit Center |  Amtrak:Pacific Surfliner Metrolink:Orange County Line,Inland Empire–Orange County Line COASTER BREEZE: 101, 302, 303, 313, 318, FLEX 392, FLEX 395 |
| Coast Highway | ||
| Crouch Street | BREEZE: 318 | |
| El Camino Real | BREEZE: 309 | |
| Rancho Del Oro | BREEZE: 311, 318, 323 | |
| College Boulevard | BREEZE: 315, 318, 323, 325 | |
| Melrose Drive | BREEZE: 318 | |
| Vista | Vista Transit Center | BREEZE: 302, 303, 305, 306, 318, 332, 334, 632, 634 |
| Civic Center–Vista | ||
| Buena Creek | BREEZE: 305, 332 | |
| San Marcos | Palomar College | BREEZE: 304, 305, 347, 445, 645 |
| San Marcos Civic Center | BREEZE: 305 | |
| Cal State San Marcos | BREEZE: 347 | |
| Escondido | Nordahl Road | BREEZE: 305, 353 |
| Escondido Transit Center | BREEZE: 305, 308,Rapid 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, FLEX 371, 388, 608, 651/652MTS:Rapid 235,Rapid Express 280 |
A one-way trip on Sprinter costs $2.50 per rider, $1.25 for Senior (60+)/Disabled/Medicare riders (children under 5 years old ride for free; up to 3).[18]
In addition, riders can buy passes (e.g. Regional 24-Hour Pass, Regional 30-Day Pass) which allow for unlimited travel not only on Sprinter, but on other NCTD and MTS systems, such as the San Diego Trolley, and Breeze and MTS buses, for the duration of that pass. Rides on those systems, plus the Coaster commuter rail, and express buses, require a "RegionPlus" pass.
Sprinter, along with all otherNCTD andMTS services, utilizes thePronto contactless fare system introduced in September 2021; succeededing thefirst-generation Compass Card system.[19] The Pronto fare system allows for a tap-on, tap-off approach, so riders on Sprinter tap-on when entering the station platform (using one of the station's validators), and tap-off when arriving at the destination stop, in order to deduct the correct fare.[20] Physical Pronto cards can be purchased at vending machines at NCTD stations or at customer service centers; electronic versions can be purchased through the website or through the mobile applications.[21]
While pre-opening studies of the Sprinter line projected an average weekday ridership of 11,000, average weekday ridership in 2012 was 7,800,[1] 70% of the original projected daily ridership. For 2012, this corresponded to 2.4 million annual ridership. However, the average weekday ridership for Sprinter in the first quarter of 2013 was 8,500 according to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Transit Ridership Report for Q1 2013,[22] which is 77% of the original projected daily ridership for the system.
Just after theCOVID-19 pandemic, ridership for Sprinter declined by 46 percent (fiscal year 2020-21), according toThe San Diego Union-Tribune. During the pandemic, it is assumed ridership was dramatically reduced as many worked or went to school from home.
The Sprinter service operates withSiemens Desiro-classdiesel multiple units (DMUs), commonly used by main-line regional railways in Europe. In August 2006, twelve married pairs of Siemens VT642 Desiro DMUs were delivered to the Escondido Transit Center, undergoing acceptance testing in early 2007.
These trains are not FRA-compliant for mixed operations with freight trains, so freight service is restricted to non-passenger hours. Due to this limitation, some sources, including theAmerican Public Transportation Association, classify the Sprinter aslight rail, though it does not fit the conventional definition.
As of 2025, only five of the original vehicles remain in service, while the rest are used for parts due to ongoing issues with traction motors, rail trucks, and electronic components, as well as difficulties in sourcing replacements. Although the trains were designed for a 30-year lifespan, NCTD is considering replacing them at an estimated cost of over $350 million, with additional expenses likely for station modifications to accommodate new equipment.[23]
In September 2025, NCTD held a press conference in Oceanside celebrating their 50th anniversary, and the agency unveiled a Sprinter DMU wearing the new Phase II livery. The new Sprinter livery is similar to theCoaster Phase II livery, without the teal accent, and features the new NCTD logo.
Future development plans for Sprinter are currently focused on increasing the frequency of the service to 20 minutes per train departure, from Sprinter's current 30-minute schedule.[24] An increased schedule will require more double-tracking of the Sprinter rail line[24] as currently only 9.6 miles (44%) of the Sprinter's rail line is double-tracked.[24] The preferred alternative project for more double-tracking on the rail line involves increased double-tracking around Crouch St. station through College Blvd. station, and around Palomar College station through Nordahl Rd. station.[24] It is projected that this project will require six years to reach completion.[24]
On December 23, 2022,[25] NCTD received funding of 7 million dollars. The funding fromConsolidated Appropriations Act was requested byCongressman Mike Levin. The SPRINTER Corridor Service Improvement Project will be completed in two phases. The first phase will modernize the signal and communications systems along the corridor to improve safety, enhance community connectivity, and reduce service disruptions. The funding is focused on increasing the frequency of trains to every 15 minutes from the 30 minute frequency that Sprinter currently runs on.
Additionally, NCTD would like to implement Sprinter Express train service that would stop at only the five stations (Oceanside Transit Center, El Camino Real, Vista Transit Center, San Marcos Civic Center, and Escondido Transit Center) with the greatest ridership along the route.[24] The Express service would use freight tracks east ofSan Marcos Civic Center station to bypass the station and an eastern portion of the regular route in order to further reduce travel times between termini.[24]
Longer-term, SANDAG's 2050 Regional Transportation Plan projects one extension of Sprinter by 2050.[26] The extension would be from Sprinter's current eastern terminus at theEscondido Transit Center, south (presumably along S Centre City Parkway) to theNorth County Mall/Del Lago Transit Center.[24][26] No other extensions of the Sprinter (e.g. toSan Diego Zoo Safari Park, or toMcClellan–Palomar Airport) are included in the plan.
Sprinter has encountered some dissatisfaction in northern San Diego County. For example, business owners inOceanside have attributed flooding in November 2007 and January 2008[27] to Sprinter, since its construction raised railroad beds and narrowed creeks. Some have also criticized the limited schedule.[28] In response to the limited schedule, NCTD expanded Friday and Saturday Night service in 2011, the last trips leaving out of Escondido (Westbound) at 10:33pm and out of Oceanside (Eastbound) at 11:33pm.[17]
On March 11, 2008, a westbound Sprinter train struck a man who was lying on the tracks under aState Route 78 bridge in San Marcos. It was not immediately clear if the man was aware of the approach of the train. However, the man, who was covered by a sleeping bag at the time he was struck, spoke of suicide while in the emergency room.[29]
On March 23, 2012, a man was struck by a westbound Sprinter train at the West Mission Road and North Pacific Street crossing. The victim's death was ruled a suicide by the San Diego County medical examiner's office. The operator of the train applied the brakes and sounded the horn, but was unable to avoid the collision. The victim died at the scene.[30]
On March 4, 2025, a westbound Sprinter train heading to Oceanside collided with a pickup truck at the Enterprise Street grade crossing just after heading out of Escondido Transit Center. One person inside the truck was killed.[31]
On February 28, 2013, theCalifornia Public Utilities Commission conducted an inspection of Sprinter vehicles. During that inspection, the CPUC discovered accelerated patterns of wear on the central axle brakes of all 12 vehicles. As a result, on March 8, 2013, NCTD suspended service on the entire line. NCTD established bus replacement service for the duration of Sprinter service interruption which lasted 70 days.[32] Sprinter resumed regular service on May 18, 2013, with the last day of the supplemental express bus service on May 24.[33]
Light Rail Transit (LRT) 399 SPRINTER (Oceanside to Escondido)
