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Sport holds a central place inBritish culture, and theUnited Kingdom has played a key role in both the development and global spread of many sports. In the early stages of organised sport, theHome Nations (England,Scotland,Wales, andIreland) were instrumental in establishing formal rules and forming some of the earliest governing bodies,national teams, and domestic league competitions.

Following thepartition of Ireland in 1922, some sports organisations created separate governing bodies forNorthern Ireland, while others, including most of the larger and more prominent team sports such asrugby union,cricket andhockey, continued to operate on anall-Ireland basis. In soccer, uniquely, the teams from the new Irish Free State instigated the new organisation (now theFootball Association of Ireland) as the originalIrish Football Association was based in and seen to be heavily influenced by,Belfast-based teams.

As a result, in many sports, but not all, competitions are organised on a Home Nations basis, with England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland (and sometimes Northern Ireland) being recognised as distinct entities. In the case of cricket, England and Wales are combined under the England and Wales Cricket Board, but their teams are simply called England, while Ireland and Scotland maintain different teams and organisations. This approach contrasts with most other countries, where a single national team represents the entire state in international competitions. The acceptance of this unique arrangement reflects the key historic importance of the Home Nations in the creation of many sports and international competitions.

In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events, featuring a combined team representing one or more Home nations. The most notable examples of such arrangements are theBritish and Irish Lions in rugby union (and formerly the British Lions in rugby league), theWalker Cup golf team andGreat Britain at the Olympics in relation to Olympic sports ordinarily organised on a Home Nations basis.

In other sports, especially individual Olympic sports such as athletics, swimming, cycling and triathlon, or those team sports invented outside theUnited Kingdom (e.g.basketball, baseball, ice hockey, lacrosse and volleyball), the United Kingdom generally participates as one nation, usually under the nameGreat Britain or, more rarely, asGreat Britain and Northern Ireland; the latter is the official name of the United Kingdom's team at theOlympic Games, though it is commonly referred to, not uncontroversially, as the former - the trademarked brand name for the team of theBritish Olympic Association is "Team GB". Teams rarely, if ever, compete under the designation 'United Kingdom',^[1] reflected in the standard abbreviationsGB andGBR. Before the founding of the Irish Free State, the name of the Olympic team was commonly given as Great Britain and Ireland with a standard abbreviation or Olympic code of either GBR or BRI.

Overall, association football attracts the most viewers and money, though the nation is notable for the diversity of its sporting interests, especially at the elite level. Great Britain has a special affinity with both Olympic Sport as the only nation to win at least one gold medal at every Summer Games, and with Paralympic Sport as the birthplace of the modern Paralympic movement in Stoke Mandeville Hospital in 1948. The capitalLondon was the first city to host three Summer Olympic Games, and the United Kingdom has twice hosted theParalympic Games, in London in 2012 and in Stoke Mandeville in 1984.

Major individual sports includeathletics,cycling,golf,motorsport, andhorse racing. The United Kingdom hosts significant major events across many sports annually, which see a seasonal uptick of interest in that sport for the duration of the event, including one of the four 'major' or 'grand slam' events in both tennis and men's golf. Tennis is the highest profile sport for the two weeks of theWimbledon Championships.Snooker anddarts, too, enjoy period profile boosts in line with the holding of their largest events, both of which are based permanently in England.The Boat Race in rowing, theAll England Open Badminton Championships,Badminton andBurghley Horse Trials in three-day eventing, theLondon Marathon enjoy similar global renown within their fields, and peak interest for short periods nationally.The Open Championship in golf also peaks periodic interest domestically as the only non-US and oldest Major, but golf maintains a reasonably high-profile throughout the year and is a significant social sport.

Many other sports are also played and followed to a lesser degree. There is much debate over which sport has the most active participants with swimming, athletics, and cycling all found to have wider active participation than association football in the 2010Sport England Active People Survey.^[2] The United Kingdom is widely considered one of the top performing sporting nations in the world.^[3][4][5]

Writing about, has explained the role ofPuritan power, theEnglish Civil War, andthe Restoration of the monarchy in England. TheLong Parliament in 1642 "banned theaters, which had met with Puritan disapproval. Although similar action would be taken against certain sports, it is not clear if cricket was in any way prohibited, except that players must notbreak theSabbath". In 1660, "the Restoration of themonarchy in England was immediately followed by the reopening of the theaters, and so any sanctions that had been imposed by the Puritans on cricket would also have been lifted."^[6] He goes on to make the key point that political, social, and economic conditions in the aftermath of the Restoration encouraged excessive gambling, so much so, that aGambling Act was deemed necessary in 1664. It is certain that cricket, horse racing, and boxing (i.e., prizefighting) were financed by gambling interests. Leech explains that it was the habit of cricket patrons, all of whom were gamblers, to form strong teams through the 18th century to represent their interests. He defines a strong team as one representative of more than one parish, and he is certain that such teams were first assembled in or immediately after 1660.

Prior to theEnglish Civil War and theCommonwealth, all available evidence concludes that cricket had evolved to the level ofvillage cricket, where only teams that are strictly representative of individual parishes compete. The "strong teams" of the post-Restoration mark the evolution of cricket (and, indeed of professional team sport, for cricket is the oldest professional team sport) from the parish standard to the county standard. This was the point of origin for major, orfirst-class, cricket. The year 1660 also marks the origin of professional team sports.^[7]

Cricket had become well-established among the English upper class in the 18th century, and was a major factor in sports competition among the public schools. Army units around the Empire had time on their hands, and encouraged the locals to learn cricket so they could have some entertaining competition. Most of the Empire embraced cricket, with the exception of Canada.^[8] Cricket test matches (international) began by the 1870s; the first and most famous rivalry is that between Australia and England for "The Ashes."^[9]

A number of thepublic schools such asWinchester andEton,introduced variants of football and other sports for their pupils. These were described at the time as "innocent and lawful", certainly in comparison with the rougher rural games. With urbanisation in the 19th century, the rural games moved to the new urban centres and came under the influence of the middle and upper classes. The rules and regulations devised at English institutions began to be applied to the wider game, with governing bodies in England being set up for a number of sports by the end of the 19th century. The rising influence of the upper class also produced an emphasis on the amateur, and the spirit of "fair play". The industrial revolution also brought with it increasing mobility, and created the opportunity for universities in Britain and elsewhere to compete with one another. This sparked increasing attempts to unify and reconcile various games in England, leading to the establishment of the Football Association in London, the first official governing body in football.

For sports to become professionalised, coaching had to come first. It gradually professionalised in the Victorian era and the role was well established by 1914. In the First World War, military units sought out the coaches to supervise physical conditioning and develop morale-building teams.^[10]

British Prime MinisterJohn Major was the political leader most closely identified with promotion of sports. In 1995 he argued:

"We invented the majority of the world's great sports.... 19th century Britain was the cradle of a leisure revolution every bit as significant as the agricultural and industrial revolutions we launched in the century before."^[11]

The British showed a more profound interest in sports, and in greater variety, than any rival. This was chiefly due to the development of the railway network in the UK before other nations. Allowing for national newspapers, and travel around the country far earlier than in other places. They gave pride of place to such moral issues as sportsmanship and fair play.^[12]

Cricket became symbolic of the Imperial spirit throughout the Empire. Football proved highly attractive to the urban working classes, which introduced the rowdy spectator to the sports world. In some sports, there was significant controversy in the fight for amateur purity especially in rugby and rowing. New games became popular almost overnight, including lawn tennis, cycling and hockey. Women were much more likely to enter these sports than the old established ones. The aristocracy and landed gentry, with their ironclad control over land rights, dominated hunting, shooting, fishing and horse racing.^[13][14]

Many modern Olympic sports trace their roots back to Britain, including sports that are not commonly considered particularly British sports today, such astable tennis andbobsleigh.^[15]

Political responsibility for sport is a devolved matter. As England has no parliament of its own, the United KingdomDepartment of Culture, Media and Sport which is headed by a cabinet minister -though theMinister for Sport and Tourism is not in the cabinet- deals with English sport in addition to United Kingdom-wide sports.

Political responsibility for sport inScotland lies with theScottish governmentMinister for Sport and Health Improvement, currentlyJamie Hepburn, though is part of the remit of the Cabinet secretary for Health, Wellbeing and Sport, currentlyShona Robison.

Political responsibility for sport inWales lies with theWelsh Minister for Health, Wellbeing and Sport, currentlyVaughan Gething. The minister sets out the strategic policy objectives forSport Wales, which is responsible for the development and promotion of sport and active lifestyles in Wales.^[16][17] Sport Wales work closely with theGoverning bodies of sports in Wales to whom they distribute government andNational Lottery funding, through grants and awards.^[18]

Political responsibility for sport inNorthern Ireland lies with theDepartment for Communities, under Minister for CommunitiesCarál Ní Chuilín.^[19][20]Sport NI is administered by the Department for Communities, and is engaged in the development and funding of sporting activity.^[19][21]

TheSport and Recreation Alliance is the representative body for sports organisations in the United Kingdom, including federations, players associations, managers associations and regional organisations.

A large majority of the funding for elite sport in the United Kingdom is commercially generated, but this is concentrated heavily on a few sports. For example, the EnglishPremier League's 20 clubs had an estimated combined turnover of £1.25 billion in 2003–04 according toDeloitte, and British professional football's total income was in the region of £2 billion. Other major sports have a turnover in low nine figures or the tens of millions of pounds.^{[clarification needed]} For example, cricket is highly dependent on its TV contract, which was worth £55 million a year for the 2006–09 seasons.^[22]

Athletics, and also most sports outside the top ten or so in popularity, are heavily dependent on public funding. The government agency which funnels this isUK Sport, which has affiliates in each of the home nations, for exampleSport England. These agencies are also responsible for distributing money raised for sport by theNational Lottery. In 2005, when it was announced London would host the 2012 Games, UK Sport announced funding plans which were more focused than ever before on rewarding sports which have delivered Olympic success, and as acorollary, penalising those which have not. UK Sport also provides money for the recreational side of the main team sports, even football.

Other sports benefit from special financial provision. British tennis is subsidised by the profits of theWimbledon Championships, which are in the tens of millions ofpounds each year. Horse racing benefits from a levy on betting.

A 2003MORIpoll found:^[23]

AYouGov poll in September 2023 asked which sport was most followed (watched live or support a team) and played.^[24][25]

The British media is dominated byUnited Kingdom-wide outlets, with local media playing a much smaller role. Traditionally, theBBC played a dominant role intelevising sport, providing extensive high-quality advertisement, free coverage, and free publicity, in exchange for being granted broadcast rights for low fees.ITV broadcast a smaller portfolio of events. In the early 1990s, this arrangement was shaken up by the arrival ofpay-TV.BSkyB based its early marketing largely on its acquisition of top division English league football, which was renamedThe Premiership as part of the deal. It has subsequently acquired many more top rights in other sports. However, Sky tends to focus on competitions which can fill its specialist sports channels on a regular basis, and many events are still shown on free to air television, especially annual andquadrennial events, such as Wimbledon and the Olympics which are wholly or partially protected for free-to-air broadcast by legislation; such events are commonly referred to in the media as listed events or Crown Jewel events, and often have a particular position within national culture. Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland each have their own feeds for BBC1 and BBC2, allowing the BBC to opt out of the United Kingdom-wide programming to show a match in that area. This is often used when all four nations have an International football match on the same evening, but can also be used to show minority interest sports in the country where they are most appreciated (for example BBC One Scotland may show theshinty cup final, while BBC One Wales shows a rugby union match, e.g. aURC match between two Welsh sides). In Scotland, the BBC also operatesBBC Alba, aGaelic-language channel which often broadcasts Scottish sports fixtures, benefiting from the generally lower fees required for minority language broadcasting rights.S4C enjoys the same role in Welsh-language television, andTG4, an Irish language station from theRepublic of Ireland but widely available in Northern Ireland by agreement performs a similar role.

In 2006, the Irish companySetanta Sports made a major move into the British market by paying £392 million for rights to certainScottish Premier League, as well as one third of live Premier League matches for the three-year period from summer 2007 to summer 2010.^[26]

Radio sports coverage is also important.BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts almost all major sports events. It now has a commercial rival calledTalksport, but this has not acquired anywhere near as many exclusive contracts as Sky Sports.BBC Local Radio also provides extensive coverage of sport, giving more exposure to second-tier clubs which get limited national coverage.

The United Kingdom does not have an extant tradition of sports newspapers in the mould ofL'Equipe,Gazetta dello Sport andMarca – although publications such asBell's Life in London,The Sporting Times andThe Sportsman, all featuring a particular emphasis on horse racing, were popular during the 19th century and into the early 20th century, whilstSporting Life and theSports Argus continued publication until the 1990s and 2000s, and live on as a website and a supplement to theBirmingham Mail respectively. All of the national newspapers except theFinancial Times devote many pages to sport every day. Local newspapers cover local clubs at all levels, and there are hundreds of weekly and monthly sports magazines.

Four sports in the United Kingdom operate high-profile professional leagues. Association football is the most popular sport and is played from August to May, headed by thePremier League in England, and theScottish Premiership in Scotland.Rugby league is traditionally a winter sport, but since the late 1990s the elite competition,Super League has been played in the summer to minimise competition for attention with football.Rugby union is also a winter sport, withPremiership Rugby in England, and theUnited Rugby Championship in Scotland, Wales and Ireland being two of the three dominant leagues in the Northern Hemisphere.Cricket is played in the Summer, from April to September in a variety of formats by professional county teams under the auspices of theEngland and Wales Cricket Board, while in Ireland,Northern Knights andNorth West Warriors both from Northern Ireland play first-class cricket across variousInter-Provincial competitions

There are also a number of semi-professional leagues with a national footprint and some level of national media coverage; Ice Hockey operate a league in the United Kingdom called theElite Ice Hockey League, with at least one team in each of the four constituent countries. Both men's and women's basketball leagues, theBritish Basketball League andWomen's British Basketball League operate on a professional basis in England and Scotland, as does the premiernetball competition theNetball Superleague in England, Scotland and Wales. All these leagues have small but significant domestic television and media presence.

In Northern Ireland, as in the rest of Ireland,gaelic games, specifically Gaelic football and hurling, enjoy significant support from the nationalist community, although the players are mostly amateur. Despite the amateur status, major games involving county teams from Northern Ireland draw attendances comparable with both rugby codes, and in the later stages of theAll-Ireland Senior Football Championship comparable with the largest Premier League teams. In Northern Ireland, outside Antrim and the Ards peninsula, Gaelic football is the dominant GAA sport.

The modern global game of football evolved out of traditional football games played in England in the 19th century and today is the highest profile sport in the United Kingdom by a very wide margin. This has been the case for generations, but the gap is widely perceived to have increased since the early 1990s, and football's dominance is often seen as a threat to other sports. Each of the four countries in the UK put together its own football leagues for both men and women; there are however a few teams who playin another country.

The only major men's national team competition won by aHome Nation is the1966 World Cup, which England hosted and won, though clubs in both the Scottish and English domestic leagues have had success in European club competitions, most notably theUEFA Champions League or its predecessor the European Cup. Glasgow'sCeltic won the1966–67 European Cup, becoming the first British team to do so, with a team composed entirely of players born and raised within the local area around the club's stadium, while the following year,Manchester United became the first English club to win the competition, 10 years after the team had been the victim of a notorious air disaster inMunich while playing in the same competition.Liverpool, with six wins, is the most successful English, and British, team in European football, while the competition has also been won by Manchester United three times in total,Nottingham Forest andChelsea from London twice each, andAston Villa from Birmingham andManchester City once each.

The only major women's national team competition won by aHome Nation is the2022 Euros, which England hosted and won.Arsenal, which now shares ownership with themen's club of the same name, has won theUEFA Women's Champions League once.

TheScottish football league system includesScottish Premiership, played between twelve teams. Two English clubs,Berwick Rangers andTweedmouth Rangers, both based inBerwick-upon-Tweed in England, play in lower Scottish divisions.

TheWelsh football league system includesCymru Premier (historically the Welsh Premier League) and regional leagues. These leagues have a relatively low profile asrugby union is the national sport of Wales and the top four Welsh football clubs,Cardiff City,Newport County,Swansea City andWrexham, play in theEnglish Football League. One more Welsh club plays in theEnglish football league system:Merthyr Town (a reformed version of the liquidatedMerthyr Tydfil) in the seventh tier. In addition, one Cymru Premier club,The New Saints, play their home matches on the English side of the border inOswestry. The main Welsh Cup competitions are theWelsh Cup and theFAW Premier Cup. Cardiff's 76,250 seaterMillennium Stadium is the principal sporting stadium of Wales.

TheNorthern Ireland football league system includes theNIFL Premiership, often known colloquially as the "Irish League". One Northern Irish club,Derry City, plays its football outside of the United Kingdom in theRepublic of Ireland football league system.Windsor Park,Linfield F.C.'s 20,332-seater stadium, is also the home stadium of thenational team.

Each season the most successful clubs from each of the home nations qualify for the four Europe-wide club competitions organised byUEFA—theUEFA Champions League (formerly the European Cup), theUEFA Europa League (formerly the UEFA Cup) and, starting with the 2021–22 season, theUEFA Europa Conference League for men, as well as the UEFA Women's Champions League. England has produced at least one winner of each UEFA club competition, and Scotland has produced a winner of the men's Champions League.Linfield of Belfast's run to the1966–67 European Cup quarter-final is the furthest any Northern Irish or Welsh team has reach in the premier European men's competition. Historically Welsh men's clubs were able to qualify for the now-defunctUEFA Cup Winners' Cup by winning theWelsh Cup: a number of Welsh teams enjoyed runs into the latter stages of the competition, withCardiff City going furthest by reaching the semi-finals of the tournament in1967–68.

For 100 years until 1984,England,Scotland,Wales andNorthern Ireland competed annually in theBritish Home Championship but these ended for a variety of reasons. 2011 saw the inaugural Nations cup, in many ways a reboot of the old tournament. When the idea was first proposed to bring back the competition, the English FA had reservations, and so it was contested by the other three home nations and the Republic of Ireland, who were the first host nation and winners. The tournament was intended to be played biennially to prevent fixture congestion during World Cup qualification years with the 2013 event to be held at the Millennium stadium in Cardiff, the tournament was cancelled after the first year as very few fans were prepared to travel and the tournament did not create the expected revenues. Scotland and Wales were drawn against each other in World Cup qualification anyway, and a 150th anniversary friendly was organised between Scotland and England to celebrate the anniversary of the formation of the English F.A.

No United Kingdom national team has regularly been formed forfootball events in theOlympics. Proposals to have the United Kingdom (designated by theIOC asGreat Britain) take part in the2012 Summer Olympics withmen's andwomen's teams were not supported by theScottish,Welsh andNorthern Irish football associations. The three bodies feared that Great Britain teams would undermine their independent status—a fear confirmed by FIFA president Sepp Blatter. Nevertheless, Great Britain entered teams in both 2012 tournaments as host. Following the 2016 Olympic Games, the Home Nations agreed to allow Great Britain to attempt to qualify a women's team in 2020, with England's results, as the highest-seeded of the Home Nations, treated as qualification results for Great Britain, but with Scottish and Welsh players allowed to join the Great Britain squad, technically representing theBritish Olympic Committee, not the English Football Association, in the event of qualification. England succeeded in qualifying for the2020 Games and the arrangement, which echoes similar arrangements in rugby sevens and hockey, continues through the2024 Summer Olympics for the women's team. no such arrangement is in place for the men's team.^[27] England has been the most successful of the home nations, winning theWorld Cupon home soil in 1966, although there has historically been a close-foughtrivalry between England and Scotland.

Like association football,rugby union andrugby league both developed from traditional British football games in the 19th century. Rugby football was codified in 1871. Dissatisfaction with the governance of the sport led, in 1895, to a number of prominent clubs establishing what would become rugby league. The estranged clubs, based in mainly working class industrial regions of northern England, had wished to be allowed to compensate their players for missing work to play matches but they had been opposed by those clubs that were predominantly middle class and often based in the south of the country. Subsequently, rugby league developed somewhat different rules. For much of the 20th century there was considerable antagonism towards rugby league from rugby union.One Member of Parliament described it as "one of the longest (and daftest) grievances in history" with anyone over the age of 18 associated with rugby league being banned forever from rugby union.^[28] This antagonism has abated since 1995 when rugby union's international governing body, now known asWorld Rugby, "opened" rugby union to professionalism.

England,Scotland,Wales andIreland (Northern and The Republic combined) all field separate teams and are collectively known as theHome Nations. All four teams are among the top ten in global rugby union. TheSix Nations Championship played between the Home Nations,Italy andFrance is the premier international tournament in the northern hemisphere. TheTriple Crown is awarded to any of the Home Nations who beats the other three in that tournament. Games are also often played against the"Southern Hemisphere" quartet ofSouth Africa,Australia,New Zealand, andArgentina—as well as other rugby playing countries. England won the2003 Rugby World Cup, the first victory in the competition by a British team (or, for that matter, any Northern Hemisphere country), and were runners-up to Australia in1991 and South Africa in both2007 and2019 (the latter of which came after a convincing win against the All-Blacks in England's semi-final). In 1987,Wales achieved a best of third place and in 1991,Scotland a best of fourth place.Ireland has not progressed beyond the quarter finals. England (1991) and Wales (1999) have both hosted the Rugby World Cup in conjunction with the other Home Nations. In 2015, England hosted the Rugby World Cup; however, some games were played in Wales.^[29]

In the2011 Rugby World Cup Wales was the only home nation to progress beyond the quarter-finals.

Rugby union has a number of heartlands, notablySouth Wales, theScottish Borders, the EnglishWest Country, London and the Midlands. Rugby union is generally regarded as the national sport of Wales. England organises its own national league inPremiership Rugby, which launched thePremiership Rugby Cup in 2018–19 to replace the formerAnglo-Welsh Cup, which had begun as an England-only competition but included Welsh teams from 2005 until its demise in 2018. The other Home Nations now have a single professional league, currently known as theUnited Rugby Championship, that also includes teams from Italy and South Africa. Attendances at club rugby in England have risen strongly since the sport went professional; by contrast, the professional era has had a traumatic effect on the traditional structure of club rugby in Wales and Scotland, although the long established provincial structure in Ireland rebounded relatively successfully, and attendances (and successes) there in domestic and European competition, including the team based in Northern Ireland,Ulster Rugby, are comparable to the larger English clubs. Following the regional model of Wales and Ireland, Scotland also originally established four regional teams for North, East, South and West Scotland. Due to the demographics of the country, the Northern region was too vast for a single club to serve (over twice the size of Wales but with only a quarter the population) and the 5% of the population who happened to live in the rugby-loving borders were not enough to sustain the Southern franchise, leaving just West and East. There was some talk of the regions being redrawn, with the North being divided in two and the South being absorbed into the West and East regions, but two Italian sides instead took the vacated places, and still later the competition added South African sides, with two joining in 2017 and eventually being replaced by four different sides in 2021.

All of the home nations play in large, state-of-the-art venues.Twickenham in London, home to the England national team and the country's governing body, theRugby Football Union, currently seats 82,000, making it the second-largest stadium in the country after Wembley. Wales and its governing body, theWelsh Rugby Union, make their home at Millennium Stadium, which is owned by the WRU. Scotland's largest stadium, with a capacity of over 67,000, isMurrayfield in Edinburgh, home to the national team and theScottish Rugby Union. Ireland currently play all their home matches in the Republic's capital of Dublin atAviva Stadium, a 55,000-seat stadium for football and rugby union built on the site of Irish rugby's historic home ofLansdowne Road. During the construction of the Aviva in the 2000s, Ireland played many home games in the 80,000 seat nationalGAA stadium,Croke Park.

As the sport's worldwide governing body, World Rugby, is based in Dublin and is heavily dominated by the Home Nations, there has never been a threat to the independence of each country's team and a joint team, known as theBritish and Irish Lions, will tour a Southern Hemisphere nation every four years. The Lions games however do not compete in any major tournaments, and will play local clubs as well as the host nation's First XV.

The four home nations also field nationalsevens teams. England, Scotland and Wales are all "core teams" that compete in all events of the annualWorld Rugby Sevens Series for men, and England have been a core team in theWorld Rugby Women's Sevens Series since the latter competition's creation in2012. Ireland have not been as competitive in men's sevens, but the women's sevens team have had core status alongside England on two different occasions—first for the2013–14 series, and most recently since the2015–16 series. The United Kingdom currently hosts an event in each (men's) World Sevens Series inLondon; the UK had also hosted a second event inScotland, but that event was removed from the schedule after the2014–15 series. The2014–15 women's series saw the debut ofa London event, but that tournament did not return in any subsequent series. Rugby union returned to the Olympics in2016 with sevens tournaments for both men and women; theGreat Britain men's team won the silver medal, losing toFiji in the final, and thewomen's team lost in the bronze medal match toCanada. In a contrast with football, the participation of Great Britain sevens teams at the Olympics was endorsed by World Rugby (then known as the International Rugby Board) in 2011. In theRugby World Cup Sevens, the men's teams ofEngland andWales have both been victorious—England in the inaugural tournament in1993 and Wales in2009.

England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland all field separate teams Rugby league sides. Rugby league draws healthy crowds in its heartlands inYorkshire andNorth West England, and is popular with armchair sports fans nationwide. The top-level league isSuper League, whichexpanded to 14 teams for the2009 season, but was reduced to 12 teams with the end of licensing and a reorganisation of the professional leagues in2015. In 2020, the number of teams was further reduced to 11 in the wake of theCOVID-19 pandemic; the one Canadian side in the league,Toronto Wolfpack, withdrew (at least temporarily) from the league due to pandemic-related financial challenges and travel restrictions. The Wolfpack had been the first team from outside Europe to play in the English system, having won the League 1 title and automatic promotion to the championship in their inaugural 2017 season and earning promotion to Super League in 2019. As of the current 2020 season, 10 of the teams are in the heartlands, with French sideCatalans Dragons being the exception. Before the 2015 reorganisation,London Broncos competed in Super League. Below this level are theChampionship andLeague 1 (historically the National Leagues); French sideToulouse Olympique competed in the championship from 2009 through to 2011, returned to British rugby league in 2016 in League 1, and were promoted to the championship for 2017. The 2020 Championship, abandoned after five rounds due to COVID-19, involved 14 teams, with 12 from the heartlands, London Broncos and Toulouse Olympique. The 2020 League 1, abandoned after two rounds due to COVID-19, involved 11 teams (down from 16 in the 2017 season), with six from the heartlands, three scattered through the remainder of England, and two from Wales. Until 2008, automatic promotion and relegation existed between Super League and the championship when it was replaced by three-year licences for clubs to play in the former. Promotion and relegation returned to Super League and the championship in 2015. The main knockout competition is theChallenge Cup, which also includes clubs fromFrance andCanada, and in the past has also included clubs fromRussia.

As a spectator sport, it historically ranks second only to football, with a record high of nearly 8 million spectators attending games in the 1948–49 season. It has also attracted the largest English stadium crowd outside London with the 1954 Challenge Cup Final at Odsal Stadium, Bradford attracting an unofficial attendance exceeding 120,000.

Rugby league is also played as an amateur sport, especially in the heartland areas, where the game is administered byBARLA. Since the rugby union authorities ended thediscrimination against playing rugby league amateur numbers in the sport have increased, particularly outside the heartland areas. Through competitions such as theRugby League Conference the sport is heading towards a national spread, at amateur level at least.^[30]

A single 'Great Britain Lions' team had competed in theRugby league World Cup and Test match games, but this changed slightly in 2008 whenEngland,Scotland andIreland competed as separate nations.^[31] Internationally, onlyEngland (and sometimesWales) field truly competitive teams in international rugby league. For many tournaments the home nations are combined to compete as Great Britain. TheGreat Britain team won theRugby league World Cup in1954,1960 and1972, but England and Wales now compete separately in this tournament andAustralia have won every World Cup since1975 except in2008, when they were upset in the final byNew Zealand. The Great Britain team is retained for some competitions, such as with Australia and New Zealand in the recently foundedTri-Nations competition, and in test series such as theAshes (against Australia) and theBaskerville Shield (against New Zealand). In 2013, the United Kingdom hosted theRugby league World Cup for the 5th time, with England and Wales officially serving as joint hosts.^[32]

The early reference to the separate national identities in the United Kingdom is perhaps best illustrated by the game of cricket.Cricket has its historical roots within the UK. The national sport of England is cricket, but England has no team of its own, instead fielding a joint team with Wales. TheEngland cricket team, controlled by theEngland and Wales Cricket Board,^[33] (commonly shortened to just "England" and "ECB" respectively) was the only national team in the United Kingdom withTest status untilIreland, which representsboth Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, received Test status in June 2017. Each summer two foreign national teams visit and play seven Test matches and numerousOne Day Internationals, and in the British winter the team tours abroad. The highest profile rival of the team is theAustralian team, with which it competes forThe Ashes, one of the most famous trophies in British sport.

There are eighteen professionalcounty clubs, seventeen of them in England and one in Wales. Each summer the county clubs compete in thefirst classCounty Championship, which consists of two leagues of nine teams and in which matches are played over four days. The same teams also play theone dayNational League, a one-day knock out competition called theFriends Provident Trophy, and the short-formTwenty20 Cup. Englishcricket grounds includeLord's,The Oval,Headingley,Old Trafford,Edgbaston andTrent Bridge. Cardiff'sSophia Gardens ground has also become increasingly popular in recent years. Team members are drawn from the main county sides, and include both English and Welsh players. It is by no means equal to football in finance, attendance or coverage, but it has a high profile nonetheless. It is probably the second most widely covered sport in England and third most widely covered sport in Wales and the fortunes of the England team are closely followed by many people who never attend a live game.

Scotland and Ireland both have their own cricket teams, but the game is neither as popular nor their teams as successful as the English and Welsh team. Ireland did not receive Test status until 2017, and Scotland still does not have Test status. Since Ireland did not play its first Test until 2018, Scotland still does not play Tests, and both have only recently started to play in full One Day Internationals, many Scots and Irish previously played in, and captained, the England and Wales side; the current side for example includesEoin Morgan, a Dublin-born cricketer who has represented Ireland against England at the 2007 Cricket World Cup, and captained England against Ireland in 2011.

Field hockey is the second most popular team recreational sport in the United Kingdom. The Great Britain men's hockey team won the hockey tournament at the1988 Olympics, while the women's hockey team repeated the success in the2016 Games. While hockey receives widespread television coverage during the Olympics, coverage outside that is small, especially relative to its participation level. The success of the women's team in 2016 has raised the profile of the sport, the women's side and a number of the team's star players, notably captainKate Richardson-Walsh and goalkeeperMaddie Hinch.

Ice hockey, a sport that originated in Canada (former British colony), is the only team sport to have a United Kingdom-wide league with at least one team from every nation. It has a long history in theUnited Kingdom and it is reasonably well supported, with the larger teams attracting thousands of fans to every game. Ice hockey is now being considered the United Kingdom's biggest indoor sport and fastest-growing winter sport.^[34] The main league is the ten-team professionalElite Ice Hockey League containing three Scottish, five English, one Northern Irish and one Welsh club. The league has featured many formerNHL players, predominantly during the two NHL lock out seasons of 2004 and 2013. At the moment theGreat Britain men's national ice hockey team is in the top division of theIce Hockey World Championships. The team is ranked 17th in the world in theIIHF World Ranking system as of 2024.

Media support for ice hockey has improved on a national level, although the majority of news is still found on the internet. With a weekly highlights programmeSky Sports covered the Elite league from the 2006/07 season. Sky has also shown a small number of live games, but this has not happened since the 2011/12 season. Following thisPremier Sports picked up the mantle for a number of seasons. On 31 August 2017, Premier Sports launched their sister channelFreeSports which showed eleven live EIHL games in the 2018/19 season including the Predictor-Bet Playoff Final and a regular highlights show.

TheElite Ice Hockey League is reasonably well recognised around the ice hockey world, highlighted by the 2010 visit of theBoston Bruins of theNHL who took on theBelfast Giants at the GiantsOdyssey Arena inBelfast,Northern Ireland, winning 5–1 over the Elite League All-Stars. The league currently ranks 7th in Europe.^[35]

Gaelic games such asGaelic football andhurling are organised on an all-Ireland basis and are highly popular in Northern Ireland, with a smaller presence in Great Britain. They are regulated by theGaelic Athletic Association. Six Northern Ireland teams (Tyrone, Fermanagh, Armagh, Antrim, Down and Derry) feature in theAll-Ireland Senior Football Championship, as dothe London senior football team from Great Britain. Inhurling, London beatCork in the 1901All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final, nowadays their hurlers compete in the third tierNicky Rackard Cup.Antrim are the only Northern Ireland team in the first tier. The female equivalent of hurling is calledcamogie and is played by teams from Northern Irish and London.Gaelic handball with its roots in Scotland is still played at a competitive level in Northern Ireland.

Composite rules shinty-hurling is a hybrid sport which was developed to facilitate international matches between shinty players and hurling players.^[36]International rules football is a team sport consisting of a hybrid of football codes, which was developed to facilitate international representative matches between Australian rules football players and Gaelic football players.

Shinty (orcamanachd) is an amateur sport indigenous to theScottish Highlands. Although it is mostly restricted to this area, it is highly popular within the Highlands, sometimes attracting crowds numbering thousands in what is the most sparsely populated region of the United Kingdom. It is administered by theCamanachd Association. Its main trophies are theCamanachd Cup^[37] and thePremier Division. It was once played throughout Scotland and England until the early 20th century. Nowadays, outside of the Highlands, there are also clubs in Edinburgh and Glasgow within Scotland. In England there has been a bit of a revival starting in the 2010s. IfLondon Camanachd was the only remaining English club, in 2013 theEnglish Shinty Association was founded and currently supports four more clubs,Cornwall Shinty Club, Devon Shinty Club, Bristol Shinty Club and Oxford Shinty Club.

Invented in England,bandy has been virtually unknown in the United Kingdom for most of the 20th century, but this hockey sport played on ice with rules similar to football has been taken up again. The Bandy Federation of England was founded in 2010 and changed names toGreat Britain Bandy Association in 2017. Thenational team for men made its official international début at the2019 Bandy World Championship and at the2022 Women's Bandy World Championship thenational team for women participated for the first time. In 2025 the men's team plan to participate for the second time.^[38]

Basketball, a sport that originated in the United States, has been rising in popularity in the United Kingdom.^[39] The top-level league is theBritish Basketball League (BBL) which follows an American franchise format rather than using promotion and relegation.^[40] Basketball receives little national press coverage in the UK, although coverage is more extensive from the local newspapers in cities where BBL clubs are based, with publications such asThe Plymouth Herald,Manchester Evening News,Leicester Mercury and theNewcastle Chronicle all having dedicated basketball reporters who cover the respective local team. Some national newspapers list results and occasionally provide short summaries of the League's news, but more extensive coverage remains minimal. Below the BBL is the English National Basketball League (NBL) operated by Basketball England and the Scottish Basketball Championships (SBC) operated by Basketball Scotland.

TheGreat Britain Men's National Team (GBMNT) and theGreat Britain Women's National Team (GBWNT) are governed by theBritish Basketball Federation and represent Great Britain in international basketball competitions. The teams compete in three major tournaments;FIBA EuroBasket, theFIBA Basketball World Cup, and theOlympic Games. Prior to 2006, England, Scotland, and Wales competed independently in international competition except for the Olympic Games and Olympic Qualifying Tournaments.

The Great Britain Men's National Team have qualified for five of the last sixFIBA EuroBaskets (2009, 2011, 2013, 2017, 2022). An impressive achievement for a nation that had only qualified for six FIBA EuroBaskets in the 60 years prior to 2006 whenEngland,Scotland, andWales competed independently. England had made four appearances (1946, 1955, 1961, 1981) and Scotland two (1951, 1957). TheGreat Britain Women's National team have qualified for five of the last sevenFIBA EuroBaskets (2011, 2013, 2015, 2019, 2023) missing out in 2017 and 2021. In 2019, the GBWNT advanced to the semi-final stage ofFIBA EuroBasket Women, the best ever finish for a British national team in a major basketball tournament. Whether competing as Great Britain or as one of the home nations, no British team has ever qualified for theFIBA World Cup during the 70-year history of the competition. The Great Britain Men's National Team has played in twoOlympic Games, both times as hosts when qualifying was not required (1948, 2012), while the Women made their first appearance in 2012.

The British playerTarik Philip was added to the Washington Wizards roster at the end of the2018–19 season. The most recent NBA player to have been developed in the British basketball system,South Sudanese refugee and naturalised British citizenLuol Deng retired at the end of the 2018–19 season. At the time of his retirement, Deng career on-court earnings of $151 million, making him the highest earner of any British player in history, and one of the highest paid British athletes.^[41] During the2019–20 season, only one player born in the UK with British nationality was on an NBA roster—OG Anunoby with theToronto Raptors. Anunoby emigrated to the US as a child, playing youth basketball inMissouri andcollege basketball forIndiana. WhilstAdmiral Schofield, who played that season with theWashington Wizards, was born in London, he has never held British nationality; he was born to aU.S. Navy family, and returned to the U.S. with his family in early childhood. Other British basketball players who have played in the NBA includeChris Harris,Steve Bucknall,James Donaldson,John Amaechi,Robert Archibald,Ndudi Ebi,Michael Olowokandi,Pops Mensah-Bonsu,Kelenna Azubuike,Byron Mullens,Ben Gordon, andJoel Freeland.^[42][43]

As with theNFL and American football, the NBA has arranged regular season matches in London for several years now, the most recent being a 2018 game between theBoston Celtics andPhiladelphia 76ers at theO2 Arena. Former NBA commissionerDavid Stern enthusiastically discussed the possibility of the NBA expanding into Europe, at one point envisioning a new division of 5 teams based in London, Paris, Berlin, Italy (Rome or Milan), and Spain (Madrid or Barcelona). Though in 2012, Stern went on to say that of the sites suggested only London and Berlin had arenas of the standard expected in the NBA, whileSpain's andItaly's domestic leagues had become increasingly popular. The idea of a single team or pair of teams relocating to London and Berlin was dismissed as uneconomical due to the distances involved for away fixtures.

A 2018 piece on theweb outlet of US sports media giantESPN explored why British basketball has so far failed to develop players to the degree of countries such as France, Germany and Australia. The first is the dominance of other sports, especially football, in the country's sporting culture. A 2016 survey bySport England found that basketball was the third most-played sport among the 14–25 age group in England, just behind rugby union in numbers—but both sports combined have less than one-third the participation of football. Additionally, a British sport journalist pointed out that football academies are "really bad at letting players out of the system who aren't going to make it", frequently keeping players until age 17 or 18, beyond an age at which they can reasonably be developed for top-level basketball. Another issue is politically related. Basketball is not played in the elite fee-paying secondary schools that produce a disproportionate share of the UK's political leaders. Also, several British basketball insiders have cited problems with the sport's governance within the UK, with Kevin Routledge, chairman of the BBL'sLeicester Riders, calling it "shambolic", and former NBA playerJohn Amaechi saying "British basketball is dominated by people who are well meaning but poorly skilled". Funding is another issue. The British government provided many sports, including basketball, with major funding in advance of the 2012 Olympics. However, Team GB was perceived as a failure in basketball, with the women's team going winless and the men going 1–4, though losing by only 1 point to eventual silver medallistsSpain. As a result, basketball's funding was dramatically cut. The sport also currently lacks private funding, with Amaechi claiming that many British BBL players are not paid living wages. Finally, until very recent years, British players were reluctant to develop themselves in the more competitive leagues of continental Europe.^[44]

Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise laps of an oval circuit. Speedway motorcycles use only one gear and have no brakes and racing takes place on a flat oval track usually consisting of dirt or loosely packed shale. The United Kingdom has three domestic leagues, theSGB Premiership. theSGB Championship, and theSGB National League. TheSpeedway Grand Prix is the main world championship for standalone riders with an event taking place inCardiff each year. TheSpeedway of Nations Final takes place over two days a year and Russia have won three SoN titles in a row since the competition began in 2018. Previous finals have been held atWrocław,Tolyatti, andLublin. The 2021 final is set to take place inManchester.

Rounders is abat-and-ball base-running game played on a diamond. Played in England sinceTudor times, it is referenced in 1744 in the children's bookA Little Pretty Pocket-Book where it was called baseball.^[45] The game is popular among British and Irish school children.^[46][47] In 2015 it was played by seven million children in the UK.^[48] Gameplay centres on a number ofinnings, in which the two teams alternate at batting and fielding. A maximum of nine players are allowed to field at any time. Points (known as 'rounders') are scored by the batting team when one of their players completes a circuit past four bases without being put 'out'.^[49][50] The batter must strike at a good ball and attempt to run a rounder in an anti-clockwise direction around the first, second, and third base and home to the fourth, though they may stay at any of the first three.^[46]

Touch (or Touch Rugby) is alimited-contact sport variant ofrugby league football. It is typically played with a mixed-gender team of six (three men and three women), with single-gender and age group variants. Teams play on a 70m by 50m pitch with rolling substitutions. There are no set pieces (e.g. scrums or lineouts) and kicking the ball is not allowed. Scores are made by grounding the ball over the score line as in Rugby Union or League; a team is allowed six touches in possession to attempt a score before the ball is turned over to the opposition.

It is administered globally by the Federation International Touch and by the England Touch Association, Scotland Touch Association, Wales Touch Association and Ireland Touch Association in the United Kingdom. The England Touch Association runs three national mixed series from April to September, as well as a men's and a women's series. More than a thousand players across over 40 clubs^[51] are registered to play in these competitions. There are also substantial local and regional competitions, many run with the involvement of O2 Touch.

Athletics does not have a very high profile in Britain on a week-in week-out basis, but it leaps to prominence during major championships. The level of attention received by successful British athletes is illustrated by the fact that athletes have won far moreBBC Sports Personality of the Year awards than practitioners of any other sport. The governing body of British Athletics isUK Athletics. There are also semi-independent athletics associations in each of the home nations.

Over the last few decades British athletes have usually won between one and three gold medals at the Olympics; the2012 Games in London saw three British athletes win four golds (single golds byJessica Ennis andGreg Rutherford, and two byMo Farah), while a further two golds were won in 2016 (both by Farah, who with four Olympic and six World titles is Great Britain's most successful track athlete). Traditionally Britain was strongest in men's athletics, especially middle-distance running in whichRoger Bannister,Steve Ovett,Sebastian Coe andSteve Cram were global stars, but over the last 20 years success has been achieved in a wide range of events and British women have closed the attainment gap on the men, seeing particular success inheptathlon with major titles for Ennis,Denise Lewis,Katarina Johnson-Thompson,Louise Hazel andKelly Sotherton. However, there remain serious concerns about the depth of the sport in Britain, with the number of club athletes reportedly in decline. In contrast, recreational athletics, especially running has enjoyed a boom under theParkrun scheme.

Two high-profile annual athletics events organised in Great Britain are theLondon Marathon and theGreat North Run, which is a half marathon, while the elite levelDiamond League holds two events in the country, theLondon Grand Prix, commonly referred to as the Anniversary Games in reference to the2012 Summer Olympics and theBirmingham Grand Prix. The indoor counterpart to the Diamond League, theIAAF World Indoor Tour also hold an event in the United Kingdom, theIndoor Grand Prix which has alternated between Birmingham and Glasgow.

The United Kingdom also has a significant recent record in hosting major athletics championships, having hosted the2012 Olympic Games, the2017 IAAF World Championships, the2018 World Indoor Championships in Athletics, the2019 European Athletics Indoor Championships and the2014 Commonwealth Games between 2012 and 2019. Birmingham held the athletic competition in the2022 Commonwealth Games and will host the2026 European Athletics Championships.

The United Kingdom played a key role in the evolution of modernboxing, with the codification of the rules of the sport known as theQueensberry Rules, named afterJohn Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry in 1867.^[52] Britain's first heavyweight world championBob Fitzsimmons made boxing history as the sport's first three-divisionworld champion. Some of the best contemporary British boxers have included super-middleweight championJoe Calzaghe, featherweight championNaseem Hamed, and heavyweight championsLennox Lewis,Tyson Fury andAnthony Joshua. Welshman Calzaghe's display against Jeff Lacy in 2006 prompted Lacy's trainer to state "I have never seen a better performance than that in the world."^[53]

British professional boxing offers some of the largest purses outside the United States to a few elite professional boxers who become nationally known. British heavyweight contenders are especially popular, but mostBritish world champions have fought in the middleweight bracket. The governing bodies of professional boxing are theBritish Boxing Board of Control andBritish & Irish Boxing Authority. It is generally felt that British professional boxing is in decline in the early years of the 21st century. The reasons for this include: the fact that football now offers a relatively large number of sportspeople the chance to make the sort of income traditionally only available to world boxing champions, reducing the incentive for athletic youngsters to accept the greater risks of a boxing career; the acquisition of the rights to most major fights bySky Sports, which means that fewer boxers become national figures than in the past; and the knock the sport's credibility has taken from the multiplicity of title sanctioning bodies.

Amateur boxing is governed by separate bodies in each home nation. At Olympic, World and European events, home nation boxers (with the exception of N.Ireland) compete under the GB podium squad banner. British amateurs have enjoyed success in international competition in recent years but unlike their counterparts boxing for the Irish Republic there's a tendency for them to turn professional early in their amateur career. The amateur sport is steadily recovering from a decline that reached a peak in the late 1980s, with dramatic increases in boxer numbers driven by recent GB podium squad success, most notably at the London 2012 Olympics. Although Britain's top amateur boxers are household names and lauded by the general public, the financial and commercial leverage that professional sports now have on televised media means amateur boxing rarely receives its fair share of T.V. coverage.

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In Great Britain,Mixed martial arts (MMA) failed to capitalise on the early momentum in the United States and has not seen anywhere near the popularity levels MMA has received in USA. However, things slowly started to change when British FighterMichael Bisping came onto the scene and wonThe Ultimate Fighter 3. Bisping helped build the popularity of UK MMA alongsideRoss Pearson andJames Wilks. The 2 winners ofThe Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. Michael Bisping coached Team UK opposingDan Henderson who coached Team USA. The popularity of UK MMA continues to grow due to British fighters and sports personalities includingPaddy Pimblett,Dan Hardy,Brad Pickett,John Hathaway,Jimi Manuwa,Rosi Sexton plus many more, includingNorthern Ireland'sNorman Parke, winner ofThe Ultimate Fighter: The SmashesLightweight tournament andScotland'sJoanne Calderwood who competed onThe Ultimate Fighter: A Champion Will Be Crowned.

The UK host promotions such asCage Warriors andBAMMA.

UFC now have contract withBT Sport.

Britain had limited success withcycle racing in the 20th century, althoughTom Simpson's world road racing title, and subsequent tragic death on Mont Ventoux in the Tour de France remained iconic moments within the sport. While theTour de France was consistently popular with a niche television audience onChannel 4, the sport was clouded by doping allegations and lack of mainstream interest. This changed when the performance director of British CyclingPeter Keen (formerly coach of Chris Boardman and later appointed in 2003 as performance director withUK Sport) obtained lottery funding which helped cycling, particularlyTrack cycling at both grass roots and at an elite level. The first fruits of the programme were harvested in 2000: atthat year's Summer Olympics, Team GB took two bronzes, a silver and a gold on the track, backing up their success at the subsequent2000 UCI Track Cycling World Championships on home ground in Manchester by winning five medals.^[54] Progress was made in the2004 Summer Olympics under Keen's successorDave Brailsford, where Chris Hoy and Bradley Wiggins won golds – the first time the British team had won two golds in track cycling since 1908, whilst Great Britain won 11 medals at the2007 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, seven of them gold, and nine gold medals at the2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Manchester.^[55] The investment paid off in the2008 Olympics; British cyclists brought home gold medals in seven events, most notablyChris Hoy who became the first British Olympian to win three golds at one Olympiad, earning him a knighthood. Other successes includeRebecca Romero andVictoria Pendleton. Great Britain became the dominant track cycling nation globally until 2021, when they finally lost their place at the top of the Olympic track cycling medal table, just, to Netherlands, but Great Britain remain a global force in the discipline.

Success at road racing was also limited, although sporadic success for British cyclists on the road was achieved by such athletes asTom Simpson,Barry Hoban,Robert Millar,Chris Boardman, andDavid Millar. The United Kingdom provided noTour de France champion, or Grand Tour champion, untilBradley Wiggins' victory in the2012 Tour de France. This newfound British success continued withChris Froome winning four of the next five Tours (2013,2015,2016,2017), followed byGeraint Thomas taking victory in2018. In addition to Wiggins, Froome and Thomas, other British riders to enjoy a significant level of success included road sprinting legendMark Cavendish, elite climbersAdam andSimon Yates.Tao Geoghegan Hart,and Hugh Carthy, time trial ridersAlex Dowsett andEthan Hayter and the multi-discipline starTom Pidcock, who won an iconic Tour de France stage on top ofAlpe d'Huez, Olympic mountain bike gold, and World Cyclo-cross gold in a twelve-month stretch. Before 2011, no British rider had ever won a Grand Tour in cycling in almost 100 years, in 2018 all threeGrand Tour races, the Giro d'Italia, the Tour de France and the Vuelta a Espana were won by different British riders; Froome, Thomas and Simon Yates respectively, and between 2010 and 2020, British riders won 11 Grand Tours in total.

Britain has had more historic success in women's road cycle racing in producing 4 road racing world champions includingBeryl Burton,Mandy Jones,Lizzie Armistead andNicole Cooke who also won the Olympic road race title and the world championship in the same year in 2008.Emma Pooley won the world road time trial championship in2010.

Because of the increasing interest in cycling, a BritishUCI ProTeam (Team Sky) was formed for the 2010 cycling season. Major names in the roster included the likes ofBradley Wiggins,Edvald Boasson Hagen and the 2010British men's Road Race champion,Geraint Thomas.

Cycle racing is organised byBritish Cycling, who govern most cycling events in the United Kingdom and organise the national team.Time trialling in England and Wales is organised by a separate body calledCycling Time Trials.

The success of British Cycling and team Sky has increased dramatically the popularity of the sport in the UK which has brought in more sponsors into the sport. As well as Team Sky,ONE Pro Cycling andNFTO are aiming to ride in the world's biggest races. A lot of cyclists take part in the manysportives organised all over the country including the hugely popularRide London event which. Words such as MAMIL (middle aged men in lycra) have become part of popular culture.

Modern competitivegolf originated in Scotland. In the early 20th century British golfers were the best in the world, winning nearly all of theUS Open championships beforeWorld War I. American golfers later became dominant, but Britain has continued to produce leading golfers, with an especially strong period in the 1980s and 1990s. There are usually more British golfers than others in the top 100 of theOfficial World Golf Ranking relative to population, that is to say more than a fifth as many. Several British golfers have reached the world's top 10 in the early 2000s. England'sLee Westwood endedTiger Woods' five-year reign atop the rankings in autumn 2010. In May 2011, fellow EnglishmanLuke Donald reached the top of the rankings, and by the end of that year became the first golfer in history to top the money lists of both the PGA and European Tours in the same season. Other British golfers to have appeared in the top 10 in the 21st century arePaul Casey,Ian Poulter andJustin Rose, all from England andRory McIlroy from Northern Ireland.

Golf is the sixth most popular sport, by participation, in the United Kingdom.The Open Championship, which is played each July on a number of British golf courses on a rotating basis, the majority of them in Scotland, is the only men'smajor golf tournament which is played outside of the United States. The most famous of these courses isSt Andrews, which is known as "The Home of Golf".The R&A, the governing body of golf outside the United States and Mexico, is based in St Andrews. AlthoughThe Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, in Scotland, is the sport's home course,^[56] the world's oldest golf course is actually Musselburgh Links' Old Golf Course.^[57] ThePGA European Tour is headquartered in England, and the mainEuropean Tour plays more events in the United Kingdom than in any other country. In international team competition the United Kingdom provides a large part of the EuropeanRyder Cup team, which has beaten the United States team in seven of the last eight events.

Women's golf does not have as high a profile as the men's game, but British players, most notablyLaura Davies, have found success on both the Europe-wideLadies European Tour (LET) and the overwhelmingly dominant women's tour, theLPGA Tour in the US Through 2012, theWomen's British Open was the only event recognised as amajor by both the LET and the US LPGA. (The other tournament recognised as a major by the LET,The Evian Championship in France, became an LPGA major in 2013.)

Tennis is yet another sport which originated in the United Kingdom, first originating in the city ofBirmingham between 1859 and 1865 as a more open variant of the historicalreal tennis, or Royal tennis, often associated with the Tudor monarchy ofHenry VIII of England. However, it has not flourished there in recent decades: its profile is highly dependent on theWimbledon Championships, the most prestigious event of the global tennis calendar. AfterFred Perry's Wimbledon win in1936, no British man won the singles untilAndy Murray from Scotland did so in2013. No British woman has won at Wimbledon sinceVirginia Wade in1977. In addition, Perry's victory in theUS National Championships (predecessor to the modernUS Open) later in 1936 was the last for any British man in a Grand Slam singles event until Murray won the US Open in2012. Wade remained the last British woman to win such an event untilEmma Raducanu won the2021 US Open. The governing body of the sport is theLawn Tennis Association (LTA), which invests the vast profits from the tournament in the game in the hope of producing British champions, but a string of revamps of the coaching system have failed to raise the standard of LTA-trained players. The only British players of either sex to reach the world top 50 in recent years areGreg Rusedski, who learnt his tennis in Canada,Tim Henman and Murray, who did not pass through the LTA system either, and on the women's sideAnne Keothavong and the lateElena Baltacha both slipped into the world's top 50 during their careers. Outside of Wimbledon fortnight tennis's profile in Britain is low, and since the 2007 retirement of Rusedski and Henman is now largely dependent on Murray, the current UK number 1. Very recently (2015–), the rise of a number of other players, notably doubles specialistJamie Murray, and younger top 50 playersLaura Robson,Heather Watson,Dan Evans andKyle Edmund has been supplemented by the spectacular rise of British women's number oneJohanna Konta from a position outside the top 100 to the top ten in the world in just under eighteen months leading to October 2016. As a result, Great Britain had a top ten ranked men's singles, men's doubles and women's singles players at the same time for the first time ever. More recently, Raducanu's 2021 US Open win made her the first player of either sex to win a Grand Slam singles event as a qualifier in the Open era, and elevated her into the world top 25; she would finish the 2021 season in the top 20.

Great Britain have won theDavis Cup ten times, with their most recent title in2015 being their first since 1936. The Great Britain women's team made the final of theBillie Jean King Cup four times, losing all four, but their last finals appearance was in 1981 when the competition was known as the Federation Cup.^[58]

Britain is the centre ofFormula One, with the majority of the Formula One teams based in England, and more world titles won by drivers from Britain than from any other country, includingMike Hawthorn;Graham Hill (twice);Jim Clark (twice);John Surtees, also a world champion in motorcycling;Jackie Stewart (three times);James Hunt;Nigel Mansell; Graham Hill's son,Damon Hill;Lewis Hamilton (seven times); andJenson Button. TheBritish Grand Prix takes place atSilverstone each June/July.

The United Kingdom hosted the very first F1 Grand Prix in 1950 atSilverstone, the current location of theBritish Grand Prix held each year in July. The country also hosts legs of theWorld Rally Championship and has its owntouring car racing championship, theBritish Touring Car Championship (BTCC), and theBritish Formula Three Championship.

British drivers have achieved success in theWorld Rally Championship with the lateColin McRae and the lateRichard Burns winning the title. The British leg of the competition is theRally Great Britain.Derek Bell is a five-time24 Hours of Le Mans winner and one-time winner of the1000 km Silverstone, the major endurance race of the country, formerly part of theWorld Sportscar Championship and currently part of theFIA World Endurance Championship.

Britain hosts one round of theMotoGP World Championship atSilverstone in early September, and celebrated its first motorcycle grand prix world champion since the lateBarry Sheene withDanny Kent's title inMoto3 in 2015.^[59] The UK also hosts one round of theSuperbike World Championship, atDonington Park. In2007 the race had become the thirdSuperbike World Championship round in Britain, but since then rounds atSilverstone andBrands Hatch have been dropped. The reigning SBK World Champion is Northern IrishmanJonathan Rea. Since 2000 theBritish Superbike Championship (BSB) has become increasingly popular. Road racing events are popular, with theIsle of Man hosting theIsle of Man TT andNorthern Ireland hosting theNorth West 200. Inrally raiding,Sam Sunderlandbecame the first British winner of theDakar Rally when he won the motorcycle classification in 2017.^[60]

Triathlon popularity continues to grow in the UK with membership to theBritish Triathlon Federation up 174% since 2009,^[61] though numbers of participants are larger due to many people who swim, bike or run also participating in triathlons. One reason the popularity has increased domestically is due to the UK's strength at the international level with three gold, two silver and two bronze medals at the three most recentOlympic games and many wins on theinternational circuit. Many races are held over the UK hosted by local clubs with about 213,000 race entrants in 2017.^[61] The British Triathlon federation manages the GB team at both the elite and age-group level with performance centre's inBath, Birmingham,Cardiff,Leeds, London,Loughborough,Nottingham,Stirling.

Global champions for Great Britain includeSimon Lessing,Tim Don,Leanda Cave,Helen Jenkins,Non Stanford,Alistair Brownlee and his brotherJonny,Vicky Holland,Alex Yee andGeorgia Taylor-Brown. Further success has been achieved at Ironman distances by the likes of Cave andLucy Charles-Barclay.

Swimming is the largest participation sport in England according to Sport England (2014). It is larger than athletics, cycling and football.The swimming organisations of the home countries formed an umbrella organisation calledBritish Swimming in the year 2000. British Swimming concentrates on elite swimmers with podium potential. Britain sends large teams to all the major international swimming events, and enjoy some successes, but it is not currently a leading swimming nation, trailing the dominant United States and Australian teams at major championships, although it is increasingly a power at European level. There has been significant improvement since 2012 underBill Furniss, former coach of double Olympic and world championRebecca Adlington, which saw a record four gold medals in the swimming pool at the2020 Olympic Games, led by legendary breaststroke sprinterAdam Peaty, and relay stalwartsJames Guy andDuncan Scott, who became the first British Olympian ever to win 4 medals at a single games (1 gold, three silver). The sport's profile is highest during theCommonwealth Games, when British swimmers, swimming for their home nations, have their best chance to win gold medals, and during theOlympics. The sport has a thriving domestic club structure with competition at all levels.

The provision of 50-metre pools in the United Kingdom was very poor for a developed country, with just 22 as of early 2007, only two of which conformed to the fullOlympic standard. There are however far more 25-metre short course pools and other sub Olympic-size competition pools. (SeeList of Olympic size swimming pools in the United Kingdom.)The number of 50m pools has now increased and there are 9 full Olympic size pools including theLondon Aquatics Centre pool which is regarded as currently the best pool in the world.^[62]

Other sports with loyal domestic followings includesnooker, which is a popular television sport as it fills their schedules at low cost, and also attracts good audiences. However, its popularity has waned somewhat since 1985, when nearly a third of the British population watched the conclusion of the celebratedDennis Taylor versusSteve DavisWorld Championshipfinal even though it ended after midnight. All but two events on the professional snooker tour in 2007/2008 are played in the United Kingdom, and the World Championship has been played atThe Crucible Theatre,Sheffield, since 1977. There are many amateur leagues set up across the country, featuring team matches between snooker clubs.

Darts is another British centred sport with an assured place in the attention of the British sporting public. The two rival Darts World Championships were held in the United Kingdom since their inception. The BDO World Championship began in 1978 and ended in 2020; while the first PDC World Championship was in 1994 and continues to this day.Phil Taylor ofStoke has won more World Championships than any other player. Popular at the same time as snooker, with stars such asEric Bristow,Jocky Wilson andJohn Lowe, darts also suffered a decline before the PDC revolution, led by entrepreneur and managerBarry Hearn helped turn the sport around financially and organisationally. The sport remains dominated by British stars, but has now stretched out to success in Netherlands, Germany, Australia and China. Hearn latter became chair ofWorld Snooker, and has overseen something of a revival in that sport also, utilising the wide support for flamboyant seven-time world championRonnie O'Sullivan.

Table Tennis is, according to Sport England a widely participated physical activity with around 200000 participants and a large number of regional clubs enrolled to theEnglish Table Tennis Association^[63]

Sailing is a niche but a well regarded sport in the United Kingdom. It is governed by theRYA, and there are many locations in the United Kingdom where sailing can take place, both inland and coastal. Media coverage is low except for the Olympic Games, although there is a history of significant media interest in endurance navigation such as theRound-the-World Yacht Race, the Americas Cup and figures such asEllen Macarthur,Ben Ainslie,Robin Knox-Johnston and the tragicDonald Crowhurst.

Orienteering is regulated by theBritish Orienteering Federation, and Britain generally puts on a very strong show at theWorld Orienteering Championships withJamie Stevenson, second at WOC in 2006.

The United Kingdom has proved successful in the international sporting arena inrowing. It is widely considered that the sport's most successful rower isSteve Redgrave who won five gold medals and one bronze medal at five consecutiveOlympic Games, as well as numerous wins at theWorld Rowing Championships andHenley Royal Regatta.

There are many other sports in which Britons compete, sometimes with success, but which do not receive much attention outside a small number of aficionados except during major events such as the Olympics and the Commonwealth Games, or when a British athlete does something extraordinary such as breaking a world record. Examples includejudo,gliding,modern pentathlon,figure skating,fives, andsailing.

Thoroughbred racing, which originated underCharles II of England as the "sport of kings", occupies a key place in British sport, probably ranking in the top four or five sports in terms of media coverage. There are sixty racecourses in Great Britain with annual racecourse attendance exceeding six million and roughly 13,500 races being held across Britain and Ireland each year. The sport in Great Britain is governed by theBritish Horseracing Authority. The two racecourses in Northern Ireland are governed byHorse Racing Ireland, which runs the sport on anAll-Ireland basis. The town ofNewmarket is considered the centre of English racing, largely because of the famousNewmarket Racecourse.

The two forms of horse-racing in the United Kingdom areNational Hunt, which involves jumping over fences or hurdles, and the more glamorous flat racing. National Hunt is a winter sport and flat racing is a summer sport, but the seasons are very long and they overlap. In flat racing the three races which make up theTriple Crown are the2,000 Guineas,The Derby, and theSt. Leger Stakes. Other leading flat races include the1,000 Guineas andThe Oaks, and these five races are collectively known as theClassics. Apart from the meetings at which the aforementioned races are staged, major flat racing meetings includeRoyal Ascot,Glorious Goodwood, and theEbor Festival atYork Racecourse. The highlights of the National Hunt season are theCheltenham Festival and theAintree Grand National.

The United Kingdom also played a key role in the evolution of three-day eventing and showjumping. Two of the six annual three-day event competitions giventhe highest classification by theFEI are British, namely theBadminton Horse Trials and theBurghley Horse Trials. Badminton attracts crowds of up to a quarter of a million spectators on cross country day, which is the largest for any paid-entry sports event in Britain.

The United Kingdom competes in the Olympics as Great Britain during Olympic competition. TheBritish Olympic Association is responsible for the promotion of the Olympic Movement within the United Kingdom and for the selection, leadership and management of Great Britain and Northern Ireland at every Olympic accredited event. By longstanding practice, athletes of Northern Ireland have the option of being part of either the Great Britain orIreland teams.^[64]

After the2004Summer Olympics Great Britain was third in theall-time Summer Olympic medal count (ranked by gold medals), although the majority of the medals are accounted for by some very large tallies in the first few Olympic Games. British medal tallies for much of the post-war period were generally considered disappointing, but the2000 Summer Olympics marked an upturn and this was sustained at the2004 Summer Olympics when Great Britain finished tenth in themedal table and the 2008 where it finished fourth behind only China, the US and Russia. This was seen as a great success, and there was a victory parade through the streets of London. This trend continued in the2012 Games in London. Great Britain again finished fourth in the total medal table (behind the US, China and Russia), but was third in the gold medal count behind the US and China. In 2016 at the2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro Britain reached all time Olympic best by coming second in the medals table only being beaten by the US.^{[citation needed]} The sports in which the British team has won most medals in recent Summer Olympics include rowing,sailing,cycling, andathletics. In addition to the 2012 Summer Olympics, London hosted the Games in 1908 and 1948.

Winter sports only play a minor role in British sporting life because the winters are not cold enough for them to be practised out of doors very much, with little suitable natural ice or snow. Great Britain is not a leading nation at theWinter Olympics, but has had a few successes in sports such asfigure skating,curling andbob skeleton, and has had a guiding hand in the early stages of the evolution of three Olympic winter sports; curling, bobsleigh and alpine skiing. A number of athletes represented Great Britain in thefreestyle skiing discipline when it debuted at the2014 Winter Olympics.^[65] SnowboarderJenny Jones made history at those Games as the first British competitor to win a medal in an event on snow when she took a bronze in theslopestyle competition.^[66] Another British snowboarder,Billy Morgan, won a bronze medal in thebig air competition in the2018 Winter Olympics.^[67]

The United Kingdom has played a huge role in the development ofdisability sport. TheParalympic Games originated in theStoke Mandeville Games, which were held atStoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire in 1948. The Great Britain team does much better in the medal table at theSummer Paralympics, than at theSummer Olympics. It has never finished outside the top five and has been second several times, including the last five games in2000,2004,2008,2012, and2016. TheBBC is an enthusiastic promoter of disability sport. FormerInternational Paralympic Committee president SirPhilip Craven is British. London's successful bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics also meant that it hosted the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Although Great Britain have been a minor nation in theWinter Paralympics, they have enjoyed particular success in women'svisually impairedalpine skiing in the 2010s, withKelly Gallagher becoming the first British Winter Paralympic gold medallist at the2014 Games, when she won thesuper-G,^[68] andJade Etherington,Menna Fitzpatrick, andMillie Knight all winning multiple Paralympic medals in the sport.

In the early 20th century, the United Kingdom had some of the largest sports facilities in the world, but the level of comfort and amenities they offered would be considered totally unacceptable by modern standards. After a long period of decline relative to other developed countries, British facilities have made a relative improvement since the 1980s, and continue to improve.

Football and Rugby Union

Football

Rugby Union

Cricket

Football

Football and Rugby Union

Gaelic Games

Formula One

Basketball

London

Football

Rugby
Union

Cricket

Tennis

Athletics

class=notpageimage|

Locations of national stadia in the United Kingdom and Ireland.NB: Rugby Union and Gaelic Games operate on anall-Ireland basis so stadia show act as the national stadia for Northern Ireland as well.

Many of the best stadia in the United Kingdom were built for national teams:

• Wembley Stadium, England's national football stadium, home to the England football team,FA Cup finals,EFL Cup finals,FA Community Shield,English Football League play-offs, andEFL Trophy, 90,000 capacity. It has also held the rugby leagueChallenge Cup Final most years since 1929 – with up to a record 99,801 spectators attending (1985). As well as having hosted regular-season games of theNational Football League, the major US professional league of American football, as part of theNFL International Series. In both2011 and2013, it hosted theUEFA Champions League Final. In the2012 Summer Olympics, Wembley hosted a total of nine matches—six in themen's tournament and three in thewomen's tournament, including both gold-medal matches.
• Lord's, England and Wales national cricket stadium, home to England cricket team,Middlesex County team, 32,000 capacity. Lord's is widely referred to as the"home of cricket" and is home to the world's oldest sporting museum. It hosted thefinal of the2019 Cricket World Cup. Bowls, baseball, tennis, archery and several other sports have been played at Lord's in the past. Thearchery competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in front of the Pavilion.
• Twickenham, England's national rugby union stadium, home to the England rugby union team and occasionally used for major club matches, notably theLondon Double Header, 82,000 capacity. Twickenham hosted one NFL International Series game in 2016 and two in 2017.
• Millennium Stadium, Wales's national rugby union and football stadium, home to the Wales rugby union and football teams, 75,000 capacity. Also a football venue at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
• Murrayfield, Scotland's national rugby union stadium, home to the Scotland rugby union team andEdinburgh Rugby, a professional club team in the same sport, 67,000 capacity.
• Hampden Park, Scotland's national football stadium, home to the Scotland football team (the building is owned by Queen's Park but also contains the offices for Scotland's national team), 52,025 capacity. Also a football venue at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
• Windsor Park, Northern Ireland's national football stadium, home to the Northern Ireland football team andLinfield F.C.. Owned by Linfield and rented to theIrish Football Association for national team matches.

British football grounds are almost always football-only facilities in which the spectators are close to the action. Since the late 1980s, there has been a dramatic spurt of reconstruction and replacement of league grounds, which is ongoing, and thePremier League's facilities are among the best of any sports league. As of early 2019, there are nearly 40all-seater club grounds in England with a capacity of 25,000 or more, three in Scotland, and two in Wales. The largest isManchester United'sOld Trafford, which has a capacity of over 76,000, and the most recently built football stadia in the Premier League include theEmirates Stadium and theCity of Manchester Stadium, with the newTottenham Hotspur Stadium recently opened.

Englishcricket grounds are smaller than the largest in some other countries, especially India and Australia, but the best of them have been modernised to a high standard, and two new international grounds have been built in recent years. The largest English cricket ground,Lord's in London, is internationally regarded as the "home of cricket".

Rugby union andrugby league clubs are generally poorer than their football counterparts. Some clubs have good all seater grounds in the 10,000–25,000 capacity range; some have older grounds which are still partly terraced, and others play incouncil-owned joint-use stadia (e.g. theKCOM Stadium). Some clubs rent stadia from football clubs. In some cases, union and league clubs share grounds; one current example where this exists is inSalford.

The United Kingdom has many world class golf courses, which can accommodate crowds in the tens of thousands for tournaments. The greatest concentration of these is in Scotland. The Open Championship is always played over alinks course, the most famous venue being theOld Course at St Andrews on the east coast of Scotland.The Belfry in theEnglish Midlands has hosted the Ryder Cup more times than any other site.Wentworth Club near London was once the only venue which hosted twoEuropean Tour events each season, but it now hosts only one.

The provision of athletics stadiums in the United Kingdom is low compared to most other developed countries. The main reason for this, is that it is not considered acceptable to ask football or rugby fans to sit behind an athletics track. This means that athletics stadiums have to be separately financed, and this can only be done with public funds, which have not been forthcoming on a large scale. The largest athletics stadium built in the United Kingdom betweenSecond World War and the 2010s, the 38,000-capacityCity of Manchester Stadium built for the 2002Commonwealth Games, was reconfigured for football-only use after that event. For many years, the largest existing stadium was the 25,000 seatDon Valley Stadium inSheffield, and London's largest athletics venue wasCrystal Palace, which has just 15,500 permanent seats. Both have since been superseded by the venue now known asLondon Stadium, which was built as an 80,000 seater for the2012 Summer Olympics and became the new home ofWest Ham United F.C. in 2016. By the time West Ham moved in, the capacity was reduced to 60,000, and the track remained in place, withmovable seating added to allow optimal configurations for both athletics and football. Since the retention of the track was a necessary condition for tenancy, the Olympic Stadium won the right to host the2017 IAAF World Championships.

TheAlexander Stadium in Birmingham was upgraded to a long term capacity of 25,000 (temporarily 50,000) for the2022 Commonwealth Games.^[69]

There are several outdoor velodromes for track cycle racing in the United Kingdom withHerne Hill in London being the only venue from the 1948 Olympics still in operation. There are also five indoor velodromes, one inNewport, the 3,500 seaterManchester Velodrome, part of theNational Cycling Centre that serves as the headquarters ofBritish Cycling, as well as the6,000 seater arena built as part of the2012 Summer Olympics in London, the2,500 seater venue built for the2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow and the 1,700 seaterDerby Velodrome which opened in 2015.

There are60 horse racecourses in Great Britain, with two more in Northern Ireland (the sport is governed on an all-Ireland basis). The best of them are world class. For example,Ascot Racecourse was redeveloped in 2005 and 2006, at a cost of £185 million.

Silverstone Circuit,Donington Park andBrands Hatch are the three international motorsport courses. They have hosted theBritish Grand Prix,British motorcycle Grand Prix,World Endurance Championship,Superbike World Championship,FIA GT Championship,Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters andChamp Car.

In the United Kingdom, there is no indoor sport capable of attracting five-figure attendances on a regular basis, and this restricts the development of large indoor arenas. Nonetheless, a number of 10,000+ seater arenas have been built in recent years and more are planned. These facilities make most of their income from popconcerts, but they occasionally stage boxing matches, and other sporting events.

The largest arena isThe O₂ Arena in London with a capacity of over 20,000, surpassing the former leader, theManchester Evening News Arena in Manchester. Most notably, The O₂ Arena has hosted theATP Finals in men's tennis since2009, and will continue to host the event through at least 2020. It also hosted the2013Final Four of the continent-wideEuroLeague in basketball.

The SSE Hydro in Glasgow, with a capacity of 13,000, was built for the2014 Commonwealth Games and hosted the2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. TheNational Ice Centre inNottingham,Odyssey Arena inBelfast and theSheffield Arena all hostice hockey, the largest being the Sheffield Arena which holds in the region of 8,500 spectators.

Several smaller arenas hostingice hockey and basketball are found around the United Kingdom, though these generally hold only a few thousand fans. The largest arena in the basketball league is Glasgow's 6,500 seaterCommonwealth Arena, also built for the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Sport	England	Wales	Scotland	Northern Ireland	Republic of Ireland[a]
American Football	Manchester Titans			?	University College Dublin
Basketball	London Lions				Tralee Warriors
Cricket	Nottinghamshire (First-Class) Worcestershire (List-A) Somerset Sabres (Twenty20) Oval Invincibles (100-Ball)		N/A	N/A	North West Warriors
Field Hockey	Old Georgians	?	?	?	Banbridge
Football	Liverpool	The New Saints	Celtic	Larne	Shelbourne
Gaelic Football	N/A	Kerry
Hurling	N/A	Limerick
Ice Hockey	Sheffield Steelers				?
Rugby League	Hull Kingston Rovers			Banbridge Broncos
Rugby Union	Bath	Leinster
Underwater Hockey	Southsea			?

Student sport has a long history in the United Kingdom,^[70] which played a role in the development of modern sports and the spread of university sport around the world.^[71][72][73] Today, student sport has significant participation, ranging from student-runintramural sports within universities, tovarsity matches with rival universities, and inter-university competitive sports organised byBritish Universities and Colleges Sport.^[74] In addition,Scottish Student Sport run over 100 events each year foruniversities in Scotland including the annual multi-sport Scottish Student Games.^[75][76][77] Students atuniversities in Northern Ireland can also participate inStudent Sport Ireland events.^[78]

Apart from a couple of well-knownOxbridge events, student sport has a low public profile. While universities have significant sports facilities, there was no history of sportsscholarships, with tuition fees only being introduced in the late 90s. However, students who are elite standard competitors are eligible for funding from bodies such asUK Sport on the same basis as anyone else. The university most focused on sports provision isLoughborough University. Budding professionals in the traditionally working class team sports offootball andrugby league rarely go to university. Talented youngsters in the more middle class sports ofcricket andrugby union are far more likely to attend university, but their sports clubs usually play a greater role in developing their talent than their university coaches. Some sports are attempting to adapt to new conditions in which a far higher proportion of British teenagers attend university than in the past, notably cricket, which has established several university centres of excellence.

Public schools played a significant role in the development of modern sports, including throughEnglish public school football games, which shaped university sport and British sports that spread worldwide.^{[79][80][81][82]}

Today, the leading body forphysical education in the United Kingdom is the Association for Physical Education. In 2006, theUK School Games was established by the Youth Sport Trust as an annual sporting competition for elite school age athletes in the United Kingdom, and by 2008, was expanded to include nine sports over four days.

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• Association for Physical Education Official website
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• Victorian Sport: Playing by the Rules BBC History

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