| Spondias pinnata | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leaves | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | Spondias |
| Species: | S. pinnata |
| Binomial name | |
| Spondias pinnata | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
13 synonyms
| |
Spondias pinnata, sometimes also known ashog plum, is a species of tree with edible sour fruits. It is native to thePhilippines andIndonesia, but has been widely naturalized inSouth Asia,Mainland Southeast Asia,Southern China, and theSolomon Islands.[3][4] It belongs to the familyAnacardiaceae.[5][6][7] This species, among several others, has sometimes been called the "wild (or forest) mango" inother languages and was once placed in the genusMangifera. It is found in lowlands and hill forests up to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).[3]
Spondias pinnata is a deciduous tree up to 25 m (82 ft) in height); branchlets yellowish brown and glabrous.[3][4]Theleaves are large, with pairs of leaflets (see illustration) onpetioles that are 100–150 mm (3.9–5.9 in) and glabrous; leaf blades 300–400 mm (12–16 in), imparipinnately compound with 5-11 opposite leaflets; leaflet petiolule 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in); leaflet blade ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, 70–120 mm (2.8–4.7 in) × 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in), papery, glabrous on both sides, with margins that are serrate or entire; the apex is acuminate, lateral veins 12-25 pairs.
Theinflorescence is paniculate, terminal, 250–350 mm (9.8–13.8 in) and glabrous, with basal first order branches 100–150 mm (3.9–5.9 in). The flowers are mostlysessile and small, white and glabrous;calyx lobes are triangular, approx. 0.5 mm (0.020 in). Petals are ovate-oblong, approximately 2.5 mm × 1.5 mm (0.098 in × 0.059 in);stamens are approximately 1.5 mm (0.059 in).
The fruit is adrupe ellipsoid to elliptic-ovoid, olive green becoming yellowish orange at maturity, 35–50 mm (1.4–2.0 in) × 25–35 mm (0.98–1.38 in); inner part ofendocarp woody and grooved, outer part fibrous; mature fruit usually have 2 or 3 seeds. In China, it flowers from April–June and fruits from August–September.[3]
Spondias pinnata may be called in:
The fruits have a sour taste and can be eaten raw or made into jams, jellies, or juices. They can also be used as feed for pigs (hence the common name "hog plum").[4]
In the Philippines,libas leaves and fruits are used as a souring agent in various native dishes likesinigang,sinanglay, orlaing.[4]
In India,ambda pickle is made using quarteredambda fruits preserved in mustard oil, salt, and spices. Along with mango and chili pepper pickle, it is the most common type of pickle found in households in many parts of India.
Spondias pinnata specimens fromKerala, India:
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