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Spats, a shortening ofspatterdashes, orspatter guards are a type offootwearaccessory for outdoor wear, covering the instep and the ankle. Spats are distinct fromgaiters, which are garments worn over the lower trouser leg as well as the shoe.
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Spats were worn by men and, less commonly, by women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They fell out of frequent use during the 1920s. Made of white cloth, grey or brown felt material, spats buttoned around the ankle. Their intended practical purpose was to protect shoes and socks from mud or rain, but they also served as a feature of stylish dress in accordance with the fashions of the period.[1]Emily Post's 1931Etiquette: The Blue Book of Social Usage stated, "Spats are optional. If chosen, they must match the gloves exactly."[2]
Increased informality may have been the primary reason for the decline in the wearing of spats. In 1913, friends scrambled to helpGriffith Taylor find spats and atop hat to receive thePolar Medal fromKing George V.[3] In 1923,King George V opened theChelsea Flower Show, an important event in theLondon Season, wearing afrock coat, gray top hat and spats. By 1926, the King shocked the public by wearing a blackmorning coat instead of a frock coat (a small but significant change). This arguably helped speed the frock coat's demise (although it was still being worn on the eve of the Second World War). Spats were another clothing accessory left off by the King in 1926. It is said that the moment this was observed and commented on by the spectators it produced an immediate reaction; the ground beneath the bushes was littered with discarded spats.[4]
Another reason for the decline in women's use of spats was the popularity of open-topped shoes with interesting visual details like straps and cutouts in the 1920s. Rising hemlines made it possible for women to show off more intricate footwear, which was meant to be visible, not covered by spats.[5]
From New York in 1936, theAssociated Press observed that "in recent years well-dressed men have been discarding spats because they have become the property of therank and file."[6] A revival ofhigh-top shoes with cloth uppers was forecast to replace them.[6]
Since the mid-19th century, soldiers of various nations, especially infantry, often woreleggings or spats to protect their lower leg, to keep dirt, sand, and mud from entering their shoes, and to provide a measure of ankle support.French infantry wore white spats forparade and off-duty wear until 1903.Italian soldiers wore a light tan version until 1910, and theJapanese Army wore long white spats orgaiters during theRusso-Japanese War of 1905.
Spats continue as a distinctive feature of the Scottish dress of Highland pipe bands, whether civilian or military. The modernRoyal Regiment of Scotland, into which all Scottish line infantry regiments were amalgamated in 2006, retain white spats as part of their uniform. Prior to that date most Scottish infantry units in theBritish Army andCanadian Army wore spats. For Highland regiments inkilts, spats reached halfway up the calf. For Lowland regiments intrews, spats were visible only over thebrogue shoes.
As part of their parade uniforms, most regiments of the modernIndian andPakistani armies wear long white spats into which soldiers tuck the bottoms of their trousers. Other full-dress uniforms that still include spats are those of theFinnish Army,Swedish Army,Portuguese Republican National Guard, theCarabiniers ofMonaco, the Egyptian Military Police, and the ItalianMilitary Academy of Modena. In theFinnish Navy, spats are part of the winter uniform; and the United States Navy Honor Guard and Rifle Guard wear them while performing ceremonies. Spats are also still used as a traditional accessory in manymarching band anddrum and bugle corps uniforms in the United States.
Spats remain in use today aspersonal protective equipment in certain industries. Infoundries, pourers wear leather spats over their boots to protect against splashes of molten metal.[7] Even a small splash that lodges in a shoe or between the shoe and ankle could cause a severe burn. Manywelders also wear fire-resistant spats for protection from sparks.[8] Casualchainsaw operators often wear protective spats oversteel-toe boots,[9][10] but professionals are now encouraged to wear truechainsaw boots to prevent injury from accidental chainsaw contact with the foot or ankle.[9][11]
My story-teller said that at a big garden party at Buckingham Palace after World War I all the men wore their spats — until King George V and the princes appeared without any. In a trice every one was surreptitiously unbuttoning their spats, and next day piles of them were found behind the bushes all over the palace gardens.
Media related toSpats at Wikimedia Commons
