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Spanish Braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille alphabet of Spanish and Galician
Spanish Braille
⠨⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ ⠑⠎⠏⠁⠻⠕⠇
Script type
Alphabet
Print basis
Spanish alphabet
LanguagesSpanish,Galician
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
Child systems
Guarani Braille
Sister systems
Portuguese Braille
Spanish language
A manuscript of theCantar de mio Cid, 13th century
Overview
History
Grammar
Dialects
Dialectology
Interlanguages
Teaching

Spanish Braille is thebraille alphabet ofSpanish andGalician. It is very close toFrench Braille, with the addition of a letter forñ, slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain[citation needed] remain.

Alphabet

[edit]

The French Braille letters for vowels with a grave accent,à è ù, are used in Spanish Braille for vowels with an acute accent,á é ú. In addition, Frenchï is reassigned to Spanishñ. Thus, in numerical order, the letters are:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
q
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
á
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
é
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ú
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ñ
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ü
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
í
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ó

At one point, Frenchw was apparently used for Spanishü, reflecting its pronunciation, and Frenchô (a rotatedv) for Spanishw, which is only found in foreign words.[1]

Digits

[edit]

Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by, as inEnglish Braille.

Punctuation

[edit]

Single punctuation:

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,.[2]';:*-/

(The same character is used for a full stop and for an apostrophe, as inPortuguese Braille. Spanish does not use the apostrophe in standard writing, and in Portuguese it is only present in a few fixed phrases.)

Paired punctuation:

⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)...⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)...⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)...⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)...⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)...⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
¿ ... ?¡ ... !(outer quotes)[3](inner quotes)[3]( ... )[ ... ]{ ... }

Formatting

[edit]
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)...⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
(digit)(caps)(start & stop emph.)

'Emphasis' may be bold or italic in print.

SeePortuguese Braille for a more complete account, much of which is likely to apply to Spanish Braille.

Other languages

[edit]

The full Spanish Braille alphabet is used forGalician as well. The letter forñ is shared withBasque Braille (which has no additional letters) and withGuarani Braille (which does). It is not, however, used for the languages of the Philippines, which instead use an accent dot ofEnglish Braille withn,, forñ. (Seebasic braille.)

Punctuation for Galician and Basque Braille is the same as that of Spanish Braille.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Braille Alphabet Postcard". Archived fromthe original on 2020-08-07.
  2. ^The ellipsis⟨...⟩ is thus.
  3. ^abIn Spain, these correspond to "..." and '...', in Latin America the opposite.
Braille ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
Braille cell
Braille scripts
French-ordered
Nordic family
Russian lineage family
i.e.Cyrillic-mediated scripts
Egyptian lineage family
i.e.Arabic-mediated scripts
Indian lineage family
i.e.Bharati Braille
Other scripts
Reordered
Frequency-based
Independent
Eight-dot
Symbols in braille
Braille technology
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