| Southern Sorsogon | |
|---|---|
| Bisakol | |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Sorsogon |
Native speakers | (185,000 cited 1975 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | srv |
| Glottolog | wara1299 Waray Sorsogon |
Southern Sorsogon (alsoWaray Sorsogon,Bisakol,Gubat) is aBisayan language spoken in the southern part ofSorsogon,Philippines, in themunicipalities ofGubat,Barcelona,Bulusan,Santa Magdalena,Matnog,Bulan, andIrosin.[2] Although located in theBicol Region, Southern Sorsogon belongs to the WarayanBisayan subgroup, and is mutually intelligible toWaray which is spoken to the south on the neighboring island ofSamar.[3] The other two Bisayan languages spoken in the Bicol Region areMasbate Sorsogon andMasbateño.
Southern Sorsogon has the following phoneme inventory:[3][4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| ʊ | |||
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Semivowel | j | w | ||||
Southern Sorsogon has three personal pronoun sets.[3]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | aku | ku | akuʔ |
| 2nd person singular | ikaw,ka | mu | imu |
| 3rd person singular | siya | niya | kaniya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita | ta | atuʔ |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami | mi | amuʔ |
| 2nd person plural | kamu | niyu | iyu |
| 3rd person plural | sira | nira | kanira |
Southern Sorsogon has three deictic pronoun sets.[2]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| this, here (near speaker & addressee) | ini | sini | dini |
| that, there (near addressee) | yuʔun | suʔun | duʔun |
| yon, over there (remote) | idtu,yadtu[5] | sadtu | didtu |
Southern Sorsogon has three noun case marker sets.[2]
| nominative | genitive | oblique | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| definite | indefinite | |||
| Common | an | san | sin | sa |
| Personal singular | si | ni | kan | |
| Personal plural | sira | nira | kanda | |
Verbs in Southern Sorsogon are inflected forfocus andaspect.[6]
| completed | progressive | anticipative | infinitive | imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actor focus | nag-/⟨un⟩ naN- | nag-CV- naN-CV- | má- maN-CV- | mag-/⟨un⟩ maN- | pag-/∅ paN- |
| Patient focus | ⟨in⟩ | C⟨in⟩V- | CV- -un | -un | -a |
| Locative focus | ⟨in⟩ -an | C⟨in⟩V- -an | CV- -an | -an | -i |
| Instrument focus | ⟨in⟩ | C⟨in⟩V- | i-CV- | i- | -an |
Southern Sorsogon has the following numbers:[2]
| English | Tagalog | Southern Sorsogon |
|---|---|---|
| one | isá | sayúʔ |
| two | dalawá | duwá |
| three | tatló | tulú |
| four | apat | upát |
| five | limá | limá |
| six | anim | unúm |
| seven | pitó | pitú |
| eight | waló | walú |
| nine | siyám | s(i)yám |
| ten | sampoʔ | napúluʔ |