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Southern Scots

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dialect of Scots

Southern Scots
Native toScotland
RegionMid and eastDumfriesshire,Roxburghshire andSelkirkshire
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottologsout2620
Scots language
History
Dialects

Southern Scots is the dialect (or group of dialects) ofScots spoken in theScottish Borders counties of mid and eastDumfriesshire,Roxburghshire andSelkirkshire,[1][2] with the notable exception ofBerwickshire andPeeblesshire, which are, like Edinburgh, part of the SECentral Scots dialect area.[3][4] It may also be known as Border Scots, the Border tongue or by the names of the towns inside the South Scots area,[citation needed] for exampleTeri inHawick from the phraseTeribus ye teri odin. Towns where Southern Scots dialects are spoken includeEarlston,Galashiels (Gala orGalae),Hawick,Jedburgh (Jethart),Kelso (Kelsae),Langholm,Lockerbie,Newcastleton (Copshaw orCopshawholm),St. Boswells (Bosells) andSelkirk.

Phonology

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Southern Scots phonology is generally similar to that of the neighbouringCentral Scots varieties; however, somevowel realisations may differ markedly.

  • ch may be realised/xw/ afterback vowels,[5] for examplelauch (laugh) andsauch (willow). The clusteroch is often realised/ɔux/,[5] for examplebocht (bought),coch (cough),dochter (daughter),focht (fought),socht (sought) andtroch (trough) often writtenbowcht,cowch,dowchter,fowcht,sowcht andtrowch in dialect writing. Afterfront vowels the realisation is/ç/, occasionally with ayod-glide before it.[5]
  • ld andnd are usuallyelided to/l/ and/n/ in East Dumfriesshire and Roxburghshire.[6]
  • a (vowel 17) is often/æ/.[7] Note finala (vowel 12) inawa (away),twa (two) andwha (who) is often realised/eː/, often writtenawae,twae andwhae in dialect writing.
  • aw andau (vowel 12) may be realised/ɒː/ rather than/ɑː/ or/ɔː/ as in Central Scots dialects, for exampleaw (all),cauld (cold),braw (handsome),faw (fall) andsnaw (snow), often written usinga(a) in dialect writing.
  • In some areasai ora(consonant)e (vowel 4 or 8) may be realised/ɪə/[8] rather that/e(ː)/, for examplebaith (both),braid (broad),cake,claes (clothes),grape (grope),kail (cole),laid (load),laif (loaf),made,raip (rope),saip (soap) often writtenbeeath,breead,keeak,cleeaz,greeap,keeal,leead,leeaf,meead,reeap,seeap in dialect writing. When the vowel occurs initially the realisation is often/jɪ/ for exampleacre,aik (oak),aits, (oats),ale,ane (one) andance (once) often writtenyicker,yick,yits,yill,yin andyince in dialect writing. Similarly after/h/ inhale (whole),hame (home) andhairse (hoarse) often writtenhyil,hyim andhyirs(c)h in dialect writing. The realisation/ɪə/ may also occur for finalae in for examplespae (foretell).
  • In some varietiese (vowel 16) may be realised/æ/[7] rather than/ɛ/, for examplebed,het (heated),yett (gate), etc.
  • Finalee (vowel 11) is usually realised/ei/,[7] for exampledree (endure),flee (fly),lee (lie, fib),see,thee (thigh) andtree, often writtendrei ordrey,flei orfley,lei orley,sei,sey,thei ortheye andtrei ortrey in dialect writing.
  • eu (vowel 7 before/k/ and/x/ seeui) is often realised/iu/,[8] for examplebeuk (book),eneuch (enough),ceuk (cook),leuk (look) andteuk (took).
  • ou, alsooo (vowel 6) when final is realised/ʌu/,[8] for examplebrou (brow),cou (cow),dou (dove),hou (how),nou (now),fou (full),pou (pull),sou (sow),allou (allow),throu (through) andyou often represented byow(e) in dialect writing.
  • ow,[9]owe (root final) (vowel 13) may be/ɔu/ rather than/ʌu/ inbowe (bow),howe (hollow),knowe (knoll),cowp (overturn),yowe (ewe), etc.[10]
  • ui (vowel 7) is often realised/ø/ or/y/,[8] however an unrounded realisation as in Central Scots is now widespread, for example,abuin (above),cuit (ankle) andguid (good). Unrounding to[eː] is now common inadae (ado),buird (board),dae (do),fluir (floor),fuird (ford),shae (shoe) andtae (to~too).

Grammar

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Thepresent participle andgerundin may be differentiated/ən/ and/in/,[5] for example,Hei wis aye gutteran aboot. andHei's fond o guttereen aboot.

Literature

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Sample text

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FromMang Howes an Knowes by Elliot Cowan Smith (1891–1917)

Yet, yince in a day, thir braes hed seen unco sichts. Thonder was the moniment A jaloozed ti be the Lilliard's Edge Memorial, so that A was stannin on bluiddy Ancrum Muir. Nae cannie daffin bull- reel splore that fearfih fecht, whan the Dooglas an the Scott wrait off a wheen auld scores an saw day-aboot wui the auld-enemy.

Threh the mids o thir verra busses wad stert the huirn oo read aboot in oor bulks: ilk sheuch an heidie-hole i thir verra rigs was den for fairce sodgers in fechtin-graith-Scots an Ingleesh in a fraineeshin, fidgin mad-keen ti teer the harrigals oot o other; ilk lirk o thir knowes wad heide the gear o war. Hei'd little need be hen-herteet that hed ti beer the ramstam onfaa threh whan the slogan waekent the waller an sterteet the fray i the gray-daylicht,-eendon throwe aa the grewsome mowlie-; whan billies fell seide-be- seide till the brae-face was traisselt an the gress ran reid wui bluid; whan naigs an troopers-the deed- ruckle glutherin i-ther weizants-war cowpeet inti ilka seike, heeds an thraws,-on till the derkeneen rowed its hap roond deed an dei-in, an garrd the hyill yins devall an take a barley. Oor forebears an ther Southron neebers coodna sit soft ava i thae days: they war everly natterin an fechtin. An-sic veeshyis fechteen as it was, tui! Folk are muckle ti mean that beide on aether seide o the Mairches atween twae prood an towty countries 'at canna grei an are aye cuissen-oot. The Borderers lang syne geh thersels an awfih leife o'd. Theirs was nae canty doon-sitteen!

Duist a hip-step-an-a-lowp, an A cam on o an- other kenspeckle landmerk-Peinelheuch. This eez the saicant sic column, A've haar'tell; for, yeh gowsty nicht (wui a wund fit ti blaw doors oot wundihs) a turbleent woare as the ordnar dang doon the firsst Peinelheuch moniment (the whulk, A unk, maun heh been buggen keinda jingle-jointeet, or maim heh cowblt on ov a gey coaggly foond ; ony o the ways, it geh a steiter, an yownt-owre it tirlt!) Bit Border folk are no that easy bett ; they juist paat up a moniment fer better an brawer be what the auld yin was. An now, aabody stravaigin the Borderland-gangers an reiders-sood ken Peinelheuch.

A'd breesteet the brae now, an the road swaipeet doon afore iz. Ay! doon ti ma caav-grund o Teviot- dale-an A lilteet a sang an whewed an yuooted, leike as A'd gane wuth, an laap an flaang as yauld-as a wuddie—boondin bleithely on wui ma' airms shuggiein lowce threh ma oxters. A was abuin-the- woarlt! A was naether ti haud nor ti binnd! If onybody hed eyed iz, hei'd heh thocht A was shuir ready for Bowden!!

References

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  1. ^"SND Introduction". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved9 February 2013.
  2. ^"Wir Ain Leed dialect map".
  3. ^"Snd Maps". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved9 February 2013.
  4. ^"Snd Introduction". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 12 June 2012. Retrieved9 February 2013.
  5. ^abcd"SND Introduction – Dialect Districts. p.xxxi". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved21 May 2009.
  6. ^"Introduction – Dialect Districts". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved9 February 2013.
  7. ^abc"SND Introduction – Dialect Districts. p.xxx". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved21 May 2009.
  8. ^abcd"SND Introduction – Dialect Districts. p.xxix". Dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved21 May 2009.
  9. ^"SND:O 3 (4)(ii)". Dsl.ac.uk. Retrieved9 February 2013.
  10. ^"SND Introduction – Dialect Districts". Dsl.ac.uk. Archived fromthe original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved9 February 2013.

External links

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