South Side | |
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District | |
 Interactive map of South Side | |
| Coordinates:41°45′56″N87°37′40″W / 41.76556°N 87.62778°W /41.76556; -87.62778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Cook |
| City | Chicago |
| Elevation | 597 ft (182 m) |
| Time zone | UTC−06:00 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−05:00 (CDT) |
TheSouth Side is one of the three major geographical "sides" of the city ofChicago, Illinois, United States. Geographically, it is the largest of the three sides of the city, with the other two being theNorth andWest Sides. It radiates from and lies south of the city's downtown area, theChicago Loop.
Much of the South Side came from the city's annexation of townships such asHyde Park.[1] The city's Sides have historically been divided by theChicago River and its branches.[2][3] The South Side of Chicago was originally defined as all of the city south of the main branch of the Chicago River,[4][5] but it now excludes the Loop.[3] The South Side has a varied ethnic composition and a great variety of income levels and otherdemographic measures.[6] It has a reputation for crime, although most crime is contained within certain neighborhoods, not throughout the South Side itself,[7][8] and residents range from affluent to middle class to poor.[9][10]South Side neighborhoods such asArmour Square,Back of the Yards,Bridgeport, andPullman host moreblue collar andmiddle-class residents, whileHyde Park, theJackson Park Highlands District,Kenwood,Beverly,Mount Greenwood, and westMorgan Park range from middle class to more affluent residents.[11]
The South Side features professional sports teams, landmark buildings, museums, educational institutions, medical institutions, beaches, and major parts of Chicago's parks system. The South Side has numerous bus routes and'L' train lines via theChicago Transit Authority, it hostsMidway International Airport, and includes severalMetra rail commuter lines.[12] There are portions of the U.S.Interstate Highway System and alsonational highways such asLake Shore Drive.[13]
There is some debate as to the South Side's boundaries. Originally the sides were taken from the banks of the Chicago River. The city'saddress numbering system uses a grid demarcatingMadison Street as the east–west axis andState Street as the north–south axis. Madison is in the middle of the Loop.[14] As a result, much of the downtown "Loop" district is south of Madison Street, and the river, but the Loop is usually excluded from any of the Sides.[3][6][15]
One definition has the South Side beginning atRoosevelt Road, at the Loop's southern boundary, with thecommunity area known as theNear South Side immediately adjacent. Another definition, taking into account that much of the Near South Side is in effect part of the commercial district extending in an unbroken line from the South Loop, locates the boundary immediately south of 18th Street orCermak Road, where Chinatown in the Armour Square community area begins.[4]
Lake Michigan and theIndiana state line provide eastern boundaries. The southern border changed over time because of Chicago's evolving city limits. The city limits are now at 138th Street, inRiverdale andHegewisch.[16] The South Side is larger in area than the North and West Sides combined.
Out of 77 community areas in the city, the South Side of Chicago comprises a total of 42 neighborhoods, with some divided into different regions of the area or consolidated into Chicago as part of the annexation of various townships withinCook County.[17]
| •Armour Square | •Bridgeport | •Douglas |
| •Englewood | •Fuller Park | •Grand Boulevard |
| •Greater Grand Crossing | •Hyde Park | •Kenwood |
| •Oakland | •South Shore | •Washington Park |
| •Woodlawn |
| •Archer Heights | •Brighton Park | •Chicago Lawn |
| •Clearing | •Gage Park | •Garfield Ridge |
| •McKinley Park | •New City | •West Elsdon |
| •West Englewood | •West Lawn |
| •Ashburn | •Auburn Gresham | •Beverly |
| •Morgan Park | •Mount Greenwood | •Washington Heights |
| •Avalon Park | •Burnside | •Calumet Heights |
| •Chatham | •East Side | •Hegewisch |
| •Pullman | •Riverdale | •Roseland |
| •South Chicago | •South Deering | •West Pullman |
The exact boundaries dividing the Southwest, South, and Southeast Sides vary by source.[15] If primarilyracial lines are followed, the South Side can generally be divided into a White and Hispanic Southwest Side, a largely Black South Side and a smaller, more racially diverse Southeast Side centered on theEast Side community area and including the adjacent community areas ofSouth Chicago,South Deering andHegewisch.[18]
The differing interpretations of the boundary between the South and Southwest Sides are due to a lack of a definite natural or artificial boundary.[15] One source states that the boundary isWestern Avenue or the railroad tracks adjacent to Western Avenue.[6] This border extends further south to a former railroad right of way paralleling Beverly Avenue and thenInterstate 57.
The Southwest Side of Chicago is a subsection of the South Side comprising mainly white, black, and Hispanic neighborhoods, usually dominated by one of these races. On the Southwest Side exclusively, the northern portion has a high concentration of Hispanics, the western portion has a high concentration of whites, and the eastern portion has a high concentration of blacks. Architecturally, the Southwest Side is distinguished by the tract of Chicago's Bungalow Belt, which runs through it.[19]
Archer Heights, aPolish enclave alongArcher Avenue, which leads towardMidway Airport, is located on the Southwest Side of the city, as areBeverly andMorgan Park, home to a large concentration ofIrish Americans.
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With its factories, steel mills andmeat-packing plants, the South Side saw a sustained period of immigration which began around the 1840s and continued throughWorld War II.Irish,Italian,Polish,Lithuanian andYugoslav immigrants, in particular, settled in neighborhoods adjacent to industrial zones.[20]
TheIllinois Constitution gave rise to townships that provided municipal services in 1850. Several settlements surrounding Chicago incorporated as townships to better serve their residents. Growth and prosperity overburdened many local government systems. In 1889, most of these townships determined that they would be better off as part of a larger city of Chicago. Lake View, Jefferson, Lake, Hyde Park Townships and the Austin portion ofCicero voted to be annexed by the city in the June 29, 1889, elections.[1][21][22]
After theCivil War freed millions of slaves, duringReconstruction black southerners migrated to Chicago and caused the black population to nearly quadruple from 4,000 to 15,000 between 1870 and 1890.[23]
In the 20th century, the numbers expanded with theGreat Migration, as blacks left the agrarian South seeking a better future in the industrial North, including the South Side. By 1910, the black population in Chicago reached 40,000, with 78% residing in the Black Belt.[23][24] Extending 30 blocks, mostly between 31st and 55th Streets,[25] alongState Street, but only a few blocks wide,[23] it developed into a vibrant community dominated by black businesses, music, food and culture.[24]As more blacks moved into the South Side, descendants of earlier immigrants, such as ethnic Irish, began to move out. Later housing pressures and civic unrest caused more whites to leave the area and the city. Older residents of means moved to newersuburban housing as new migrants entered the city,[26][27] driving further demographic changes.
The South Side wasracially segregated for many decades. During the 1920s and 1930s, housing cases on the South Side such asHansberry v. Lee,311 U.S.32 (1940), went to theU. S. Supreme Court.[28] The case, which reset the limitations ofres judicata, successfully challenged racial restrictions in theWashington Park Subdivision by reopening them for legal argument.[28] Blacks resided inBronzeville (around 35th and State Streets) in an area called "the Black Belt". AfterWorld War II, blacks spread across the South Side; its center, east, and western portions. The Black Belt arose from discriminatory real estate practices by whites against blacks and other racial groups.[20]
In the early 1960s,[29] during the tenure of then MayorRichard J. Daley, the construction of theDan Ryan Expressway created controversy. Many perceived the highway's location as an intentional physical barrier between white and black neighborhoods,[30] particularly as the Dan Ryan divided Daley's own neighborhood, the traditionally Irish Bridgeport, from Bronzeville.[31]
The economic conditions that led to migration into the South Side were not sustained. Mid-century industrial restructuring in meat packing and the steel industry cost many jobs. Blacks who became educated and achieved middle-class jobs also left after theCivil Rights Movement to other parts of the city.
Street gangs have been prominent in some South Side neighborhoods for over a century, beginning with those of Irish immigrants, who established the first territories in a struggle against other European and black migrants. Some other neighborhoods stayed relatively safe for a big city. By the 1960s, gangs such as theVice Lords began to improve their public image, shifting from criminal ventures to operating social programs funded by government and private grants. However, in the 1970s gangs returned to violence and the drug trade. By 2000, traditionally all-male gangs crossed gender lines to include about 20% females.[32]
By the 1930s, the city of Chicago boasted that over 25% of its residential structures were less than 10 years old, many of which werebungalows. These continued to be built in the working-class South Side into the 1960s.[33][34]Studio apartments, withMurphy beds andkitchenettes orPullman kitchens, comprised a large part of the housing supply during and after theGreat Depression, especially in the "Black Belt".[35] The South Side had a history ofphilanthropic subsidized housing dating back to 1919.[36]
TheUnited States Congress passed theHousing Act of 1949 to fund and improve public housing. CHA produced a plan of citywide projects, which was rejected by theChicago City Council's white aldermen who opposed public housing in their wards. This led to a CHA policy of construction of family housing only in black residential areas, concentrated on the South and West Sides.[37] HistorianArnold R. Hirsch said the CHA was "a bulwark of segregation that helped sustain Chicago's 'second ghetto'".[38]
Gentrification of parts of theDouglas community area has bolstered theBlack Metropolis-Bronzeville District.[39] Gentrification in various parts of the South Side has displaced many black citizens.[40] The South Side offers numerous housingcooperatives. Hyde Park has severalmiddle-income co-ops and other South Side regions have limited equity (subsidized, price-controlled) co-ops.[41] These regions experiencedcondominium construction and conversion in the 1970s and 1980s.[41]
In the late 20th century, the South Side had some of the poorest housing conditions in the U.S., but theChicago Housing Authority (CHA) began replacing the old high-rise public housing withmixed-income, lower-density developments, part of the city's Plan for Transformation.[42] Many of the CHA's massive public housing projects, which lined several miles of South State Street, have been demolished. Among the largest were theRobert Taylor Homes.[43]
Somecensus tracts (4904 inRoseland, 7106 inAuburn Gresham) are 99% black.[44]
Hyde Park is home to theUniversity of Chicago, as well as the South Side's largestJewish population, centered on Chicago's oldestsynagogue, theChicago LandmarkKAM Isaiah Israel.[45] The Southwest Side's ethnic makeup also includes the largest concentration ofGorals (Carpathian highlanders) outside of Europe; it is the location of thePolish Highlanders Alliance of North America.[46] A largeMexican-American population resides in Little Village (South Lawndale) and areas south of 99th Street.[47]
TheSouth Side Irish Parade occurs in theBeverly neighborhood alongWestern Avenue each year on the Sunday beforeSt. Patrick's Day. The parade, which was founded in 1979, was at one time said to be the largest Irish neighborhood St. Patrick's celebration in the world outside ofDublin,Ireland,[48] and was—until being scaled back in 2012—actually larger than Chicago's other St. Patrick's Day parade in the Loop. The South Side parade became such an event that it was broadcast on Chicago'sCBSaffiliate.[49][50]
Following the 2009 parade, organizers stated the group was "not planning to stage a parade in its present form".[50] The parade was cancelled in 2010 and 2011 before being revived with more strict security and law enforcement.[51] TheBud Billiken Parade and Picnic, the second largest parade in the U.S. and the nation's largest black parade,[52] runs annually on Martin Luther King Drive between 31st and 51st Streets in the Bronzeville neighborhood, through the main portion of the South Side.
Neighborhood rehabilitation, and in some cases, gentrification, can be seen in parts ofWashington Park,Woodlawn (#42) and Bronzeville, as well as in Bridgeport and McKinley Park. HistoricPullman's redevelopment is another example of a work in progress.Chinatown is located on the South Side and has seen a surge in growth. It has become an increasingly popular destination for both tourists and locals alike and is a cornerstone of the city'sChinese community.[citation needed] The South Side offers many outdoor amenities, such as miles of public lakefront parks and beaches, as it borders Lake Michigan on its eastern side.[citation needed]
Today's South Side is mostly a combination of the former Hyde Park and Lake Townships. Within these townships many had made speculative bets on future prosperity. Much of the South Side evolved from these speculative investments.Stephen A. Douglas,Paul Cornell,George Pullman and various business entities developed South Chicago real estate. ThePullman District, a former company town, Hyde Park Township, various platted communities and subdivisions were the results of such efforts.[53]
TheUnion Stock Yards, which were once located in theNew City community area (#61), at one point employed 25,000 people and produced 82 percent of US domestic meat production.[54] They were so synonymous with the city that for over a century they were part of the lyrics ofFrank Sinatra's "My Kind of Town", in the phrase: "The Union Stock Yard, Chicago is ..." TheUnion Stock Yard Gate marking the old entrance to stockyards was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972,[55] and aNational Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981.[56][57]
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Other South Side regions have been known for great wealth, such asPrairie Avenue. 21st century redevelopment includesOne Museum Park andOne Museum Park West.[58]
The South Side accommodates much of the city's conference business with variousconvention centers. The currentMcCormick Place Convention Center is the largest convention center in the U.S. and the third largest in the world.[59] Previously, the South Side hosted conventions at theChicago Coliseum and theInternational Amphitheatre.[6] TheFord City Mall and the surrounding shopping district includes severalbig-box retailers.
The South Side has been home to some of the most significant figures in the history of American politics. These includeRichard J. Daley and his son,Richard M. Daley; the first blackpresident of the United States,Barack Obama and former first ladyMichelle Obama; the first black femaleU.S. Senator,Carol Moseley Braun; and the first black presidential candidate to win a primary,Jesse Jackson. Before them,Harold Washington, aCongressman and the first blackMayor of Chicago, as well as groundbreaking CongressmanWilliam L. Dawson, achieved political success from the South Side.[60]
TheUniversity of Chicago is one of the world's leading universities, counting 101 affiliatedNobel laureates.[61] AtChicago Pile-1 at the university, the first self-sustainingnuclear chain reaction was achieved under the direction ofEnrico Fermi in the 1940s.[62]
Other four-year educational institutions there are theIllinois Institute of Technology,St. Xavier University,Chicago State University,Illinois College of Optometry andShimer College.[63] The South Side also hostscommunity colleges such asOlive-Harvey College,Kennedy-King College andRichard J. Daley College.[64]
Chicago Public Schools operates the public schools on the South Side, includingDuSable High School,Simeon Career Academy,John Hope College Prep High School andPhillips Academy High School.[65][66][67][68]TheDe La Salle Institute, located in theDouglas community area across the street fromChicago Police Department headquarters, has taught fiveChicago Mayors:[69]Richard J. Daley,Michael A. Bilandic,Martin H. Kennelly,Frank J. Corr andRichard M. Daley. Three of these mayors hail from the South Side'sBridgeport community area, which also produced two other Chicago Mayors.[70]
University of Chicago Lab School, affiliated with the University of Chicago, is a private school located there.[63]
The South Side is home to many official landmarks and other notable buildings and structures.[71][72] It hosts three of the fourChicago Registered Historic Places from the original October 15, 1966National Register of Historic Places list (Chicago Pile-1,Robie House andLorado Taft Midway Studios).[73]
One Museum Park, which is alongRoosevelt Road, is the tallest building on the South Side.[74]One Museum Park West, which is next door to One Museum Park, is another ofChicago's tallest.1700 East 56th Street in Hyde Park is the tallest building south of 13th Street. This neighborhood hosts several other highrises.
Many landmark buildings are found in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District,[75] includingPowhatan Apartments,Robie House andJohn J. Glessner House.[76][77][78] The South Side has many of Chicago's premier places of worship such asEighth Church of Christ, Scientist,First Church of Deliverance andK.A.M. Isaiah Israel Temple.[45][79][80]
The South Side has several landmark districts including two inBarack Obama'sKenwood community area:Kenwood District,North Kenwood District and (partially)Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District.[81][82] The South Side hosts theMuseum of Science and Industry,[83] located in the Palace of Fine Arts, one of the few remaining buildings from the 1893World's Columbian Exposition,[84] which was hosted in South Side.
The South Side is the residence of other prominent black leaders such asJesse Jackson andLouis Farrakhan. It is also whereU.S. CongressmanBobby Rush, a formerBlack Panther leader, serves.[62]
The South Side has been a place of political controversy. Although the locations of some of these notable controversies have not become official landmarks, they remain important parts of Chicago history. TheChicago Race Riot of 1919 was the worst of the approximately 25 riots during theRed Summer of 1919 and required 6,000National Guard troops.[85] As mentioned above, segregation has been a political theme of controversy for some time on the South Side as exhibited byHansberry v. Lee,311 U.S.32 (1940).[86]
President Obama announced in 2015 that theBarack Obama Presidential Center would be built adjacent the University of Chicago campus.[87][88] Both Washington Park and Jackson Park were considered and it was announced in July 2016 that it would be built in Jackson Park.[89]
The South Side is served bymass transit as well as roads and highways. Midway International Airport is located on the South Side.[90][91] Among the highways through the South Side areI-94 (which goes by the namesDan Ryan Expressway,Bishop Ford Freeway andKingery Expressway on the South Side),I-90 (which goes by the namesDan Ryan Expressway andChicago Skyway on the South Side),I-57,I-55,U.S. 12,U.S. 20 andU.S. 41.[92]
SeveralChicago Transit Authority (CTA) bus and train lines andMetra train lines link the South Side to rest of the city. The South Side is served by theRed,Green andOrange lines of theCTA and theRock Island District,Metra Electric andSouth ShoreMetra lines and a few stops on theSouthWest Service Metra line. Standard local metropolitan bus service and CTA express service bus routes provide service to the Loop.[93]
Chicago's African American community, concentrated on the South Side, experienced an artistic movement from the 1930s until the 1960s. The movement was concentrated in and around theHyde Park community area. Prominent writers and artists includedGwendolyn Brooks,Margaret Burroughs,Elizabeth Catlett,Eldzier Cortor,Richard Hunt,Gordon Parks, andRichard Wright.[94]
OtherChicago Black Renaissance artists includedWillard Motley,William Attaway,Frank Marshall Davis, andMargaret Walker.St. Clair Drake andHorace R. Cayton represented the new wave of intellectual expression in literature by depicting the culture of the urban ghetto rather than the culture of blacks inthe South in themonographBlack Metropolis.[23][95] In 1961, Burroughs founded theDuSable Museum of African American History. By the late 1960s the South Side had a robost art movement led byJim Nutt,Gladys Nilsson,Karl Wirsum and others, who became known as theChicago Imagists.
Music in Chicago flourished, with musicians bringingblues andgospel influences up from the South and creating a Chicago sound in blues andjazz that the city is still renowned for. The South Side was known for its R&B acts and the city as a while had successful rock acts. Many major and independent record companies had a presence in Chicago.[96] In 1948,Blues was introduced byAristocrat Records (laterChess Records).Muddy Waters andChess Records quickly followed withChuck Berry,Bo Diddley,Little Walter,Jimmy Rogers, andHowlin' Wolf.[23][97]
Vee-Jay, the largest black-owned label beforeMotown Records, was among the post-World War II companies that formed "Record Row" on Cottage Grove between 47th and 50th Streets. In the 1960s, it was located along SouthMichigan Avenue.[96][97]Rhythm and blues continued to thrive after Record Row became the hub of gospelized rhythm and blues, known assoul. Chicago continues as a prominent musical city.[97]
Many other artists have left their mark on Chicago's South Side. These include writersUpton Sinclair andJames Farrell,Archibald Motley Jr. viapainting,Henry Moore andLorado Taft viasculpture andThomas Dorsey andMahalia Jackson viagospel music.[6] The South Side has many art museums and galleries such as theDuSable Museum of African American History,[98]National Museum of Mexican Art,[99]National Vietnam Veterans Art Museum,[100] and theDavid and Alfred Smart Museum of Art (known as the Smart Museum).[101] In addition, cultural centers such as theSouth Shore Cultural Center,South Side Community Art Center,Harold Washington Cultural Center andHyde Park Art Center bring art and culture to the public while fostering opportunities for artists.[102] TheBronzeville Children's Museum is the only African AmericanChildren's museum in the U.S.[103]
TheChicago Park District boasts 7,300 acres (30 km2) of parkland, 552parks, 33beaches, nine museums, two world-classconservatories, 16 historiclagoons and ten bird/wildlife gardens.[104] Many of these are on the South Side, including several large parks that are part of the legacy ofPaul Cornell's service on the South Parks Commission. He was also the father of Hyde Park.
Chicago Park District parks serving the South Side includeBurnham Park,[105]Jackson Park,[106]Washington Park,[107]Midway Plaisance,[108] andHarold Washington Park.[109] Away from the Hyde Park area, large parks include the 69-acre (28 ha)McKinley Park,[110] 323-acre (131 ha)Marquette Park,[111] the 198-acre (80 ha)Calumet Park,[112] and the 173-acre (70 ha)Douglass Park.[113] The parks of Chicago foster and host tremendous amounts of athletic activities.
The South Side has the onlyIllinois state park within the city of Chicago:William W. Powers State Recreation Area. Other opportunities for more "natural" recreation are provided by the Cook County Forest Preserve's Dan Ryan Woods and the Beaubien Woods on the far south side, along theLittle Calumet River[114]
Various events cause the closure of parts ofLake Shore Drive. Although theChicago Marathon causes many roads to be closed in its route that goes as far north asWrigleyville and toBronzeville on the South Side, it does not cause closures to the drive.[115] On the South Side, the Chicago Half Marathon necessitates closures[116] and the entire drive is closed forBike The Drive.[117]
Beginning in 1905, theWhite City Amusement Park, located on 63rd Street provided a recreational area to the citizens of the area.[118][119] Until the early 1920s, adirigible service ran from the park, which was also whereGoodyear Blimps were first produced, toGrant Park. This service was discontinued after theWingfoot Air Express Crash.[120] A fire destroyed much of the park in the late 1920s and more was torn down in the 1930s. The park filed for bankruptcy in 1933 and 1943. Despite attempts to resurrect the park in 1936 and 1939, by 1946 all the remaining equipment was auctioned off.[121]
The South Side hosts three major professional athletic teams:Major League Baseball'sChicago White Sox play atRate Field in theArmour Square neighborhood, while theNational Football League'sChicago Bears andChicago Fire FC ofMajor League Soccer play atSoldier Field, adjacent to theMuseum Campus on theNear South Side.[122][123][124]
Nine other teams—five now defunct, two playing in other media markets, and two now playing in another part of Chicago—have called the South Side home. When theNational League baseball team now known as theChicago Cubs was founded in 1870, their first playing field wasDexter Park in theBack of the Yards neighborhood. From 1874 to 1877 they played at23rd Street Grounds in what is nowChinatown, and from 1891 to 1893 they played some of their games atSouth Side Park, which was located in the same place thatComiskey Park was built for theChicago White Sox in 1910. South Side Park was also home to theChicago Pirates of the short-lived Player's League in 1890. Another baseball field, also known asSouth Side Park, stood nearby in 1884 and was home to theChicago Unions of the equally short-livedUnion League.[125]
The defunctChicago American Giants baseball club of theNegro leagues played atSchorling's Park from 1911 to 1940,[6] and then atComiskey Park until 1952. In football, theChicago Cardinals of the National Football League originally played atNormal Park but eventually moved to Comiskey Park in the late 1920s.[6] The Cardinals left Chicago forSt. Louis in 1960 and in 1988 forPhoenix, where they became theArizona Cardinals.[126] Inhockey, theChicago Cougars of theWHA played in theInternational Amphitheatre, located next to theUnion Stock Yards, from 1972 until their demise in 1975.[127]
TwoNBA teams also briefly played on the South Side. TheChicago Packers played at the Amphitheatre in their inaugural season of1961–62.The following season, they changed their name to the Zephyrs and played at theChicago Coliseum on the Near South Side. The team moved toBaltimore after that season and now plays inWashington, D.C., as theWashington Wizards.[128] Chicago's current NBA team, theBulls, played at the Amphitheatre during theirfirst season[129] before moving away from the South Side toChicago Stadium and eventually toUnited Center.
TheChicago Sky of theWNBA moved toWintrust Arena, which opened in 2017 at McCormick Place on the Near South Side, in 2018. The venue is also home to both themen's andwomen's basketball teams ofDePaul University, with the men exclusively using Wintrust Arena and the women splitting home games between that venue and DePaul's North Side campus.[130]
The defunctChicago Sting soccer club played at Soldier Field and Comiskey Park from 1974 to 1984.[131][132]
InNCAA Division I sports, theChicago State Cougars represent the South Side, competing in theNortheast Conference. As noted above, DePaul began playing its home men's basketball games on the South Side in 2017, though most of its other sports (including part of the women's basketball home schedule) remain on or near its main North Side campus.
The South Side played a prominent role in Chicago's bid for the2016 Summer Olympics. TheOlympic Village was planned in theDouglas (#35) community area across Lake Shore Drive from Burnham Park.[133] In addition, theOlympic Stadium was expected to be located in the Chicago Park District'sWashington Park located in the Washington Park (#40) community area.[134] Many Olympic events were planned for these community areas as well as other parts of the South Side.[135]
The South Side's gritty reputation often makes its way into popular culture.
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