South Jamaica Houses is a housing project inSouth Jamaica, Queens, New York. It is nicknamed "40 Projects."[1][2][3] The original complex,South Jamaica I Houses opened in 1940,[4][5] while the second complex,South Jamaica II Houses, opened in 1954.[4] The entire complex is bounded by South Road to the north, 160th Street to the east, Brinkerhoff Avenue to the south, and 158th Street to the west.[4][6][7][8][9]
The South Jamaica Houses are commonly referred to as the40 Projects, and occasionally as "the 40s" or the "40s Houses".[2][3][10] The nicknames are said to be derived from the complex's opening in the year 1940,[11] or the nearby P.S. 40 and J.H.S. 40 public schools.[1][12]
South Jamaica I is the original section of the complex opened in 1940. Measuring 9.02 acres (3.65 ha), it lies between South Road and 109th Avenue. It consists of 11 three-to-four story buildings with 440 units (originally 448).[4][6][7][13][14] South Jamaica II lies between 109th Avenue and Brinkerhoff Avenue, occupying 13.3 acres (5.4 ha). It consists of 16 buildings three-to-seven stories high.[4][6][8][13][15] The buildings in both sections have brick exteriors.[10][16] A small parking lot is located at the northwest end of the complex.[17]
Located at 159th Street and 108th Avenue on the east side of the development is the Jamaica Day Nursery. The nursery, which predates the projects, was moved into the complex in 1940.[9][13][18] One block south is the South Jamaica Community Center, also known as the Samuel Huntington Community Center.[9][13] The complex also includes several playgrounds and gardens.[15][16][19]
Prior to the construction of the project,South Jamaica was considered aslum and severely overcrowded. The site of the South Jamaica Houses was occupied by 150 wood-frame houses.[20][21] It was estimated that 3,000 families in the neighborhood needed improved housing conditions.[19][22] On August 16, 1939, New York City MayorFiorello H. La Guardia announced plans to allocate $20 million towards five planned public housing projects, including the South Jamaica Houses, and the two-partVladeck Houses on theLower East Side ofManhattan.[23] The South Jamaica development itself would cost $2.5 million.[24] These were some of the first housing developments to be built and operated by theNew York City Housing Authority (NYCHA).[20][25] The land was acquired at low cost, and the development was designed to feature low-rise buildings.[24][26] Though located in a predominantlyAfrican American neighborhood, the houses were the first NYCHA facility to be racially integrated with both White and Black families.[20][24][27]
Construction began on September 28, 1939. The complex was dedicated by Mayor LaGuardia on April 15, 1940.[19][28][29][30][31] The development opened on July 2, 1940, accepting 351 families. An additional 96 families moved in on August 5.[18][28][29][32][33] The Jamaica Day Nursery, formerly located on 107th Avenue and 159th Street, was moved into a new headquarters within the complex on September 9.[18][34] The complex generated controversy over the alleged selection of tenants by race, and because many applicants from Manhattan,Brooklyn andThe Bronx were selected over local South Jamaica residents.[20][14][35][36][37]
Plans to extend the complex emerged in the mid-to-late 1940s.[38][39][40] On January 6, 1951, the Housing Authority announced plans to condemn additional slum land to build South Jamaica II Houses, extending the complex south to Brinkerhoff Avenue. Plans for the project were filed on August 23, 1951, estimated to cost $7.5 million.[15][41][42][43] Residential occupation began in May 1954, and the development was completed by October of that year.[4][6][13]
United States
New York