| South Bougainville | |
|---|---|
| East Bougainville | |
| Geographic distribution | Bougainville Island |
| Linguistic classification | One of the world's primarylanguage families |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | sout2948 |
 Language families of the Solomon Islands. South Bougainville | |
TheSouth Bougainville orEast Bougainville languages are a smalllanguage family spoken on the island ofBougainville inPapua New Guinea. They were classified asEast Papuan languages byStephen Wurm, but this does not now seem tenable, and was abandoned inEthnologue (2009).
Glottolog v4.8 presents the following classification for the South Bougainville languages:[1]
| South Bougainville |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ross reconstructed three pronoun paradigms for proto-South Bougainville, free forms plus agentive and patientive (seemorphosyntactic alignment) affixes:
| I | we | you | s/he, they | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| free | *ni(ŋ) | *nee DL *ni PL | *da SG *dee DL *dai PL | *ba SG *bee DL *bai PL |
| patientive | *-m | *-d | *-b | |
| agentive | *a | *o | *i or*e | *u |
A detailed historical-comparative study of South Bougainville has been carried out by Evans (2009).[2] Reconstructed Proto-South Bougainville lexicon from Evans (2009):
| Gloss | Proto-South Bougainville |
|---|---|
| blood | *ereŋ |
| bone | *kōna |
| ear | *rome |
| eye | *rutɔ |
| fat, grease | *titi |
| guts | *kō |
| hand (arm) | *komɔ |
| head | *bore |
| knee | *mī |
| left (hand) | *mɔre- |
| liver | *nonɔŋ |
| neck | *kuru |
| nose | *keni |
| right (hand) | *mē- |
| tongue | *meneŋ |
| wing | *kupɔ |
| three | *be- |
| four | *kɔre- |
| ten | *nɔraŋ |
| brother (older of male) | *batato |
| brother (older of male) | *tāta |
| child | *tōtō |
| daughter (my) | *norɔ |
| father | *bomɔ |
| husband | *bɔ[m,ŋ] |
| man | *nugaŋ |
| mother | *bōko |
| person | *nɔmm[e,ai] |
| name | *mīŋ |
| son (my) | *nuri |
| wife | *bana |
| cloud | *kɔmo |
| dust | *rɔmo |
| garden | *kɔti |
| island | *mɔto |
| ocean | *maira |
| sand | *piti(a) |
| sea | *piruŋ |
| sky | *pɔn(iŋ) |
| smoke | *ī |
| sun | *rua |
| water | *doŋ |
| betelnut | *mōti |
| branch | *āgu |
| coconut (tree) | *mou |
| fruit, seed | *tinaŋ |
| leaf | *pɔda |
| mango | *baiti |
| sugarcane | *tɔnɔŋ |
| sweet potato | (*ane) |
| tobacco | *buru |
| tree | *koi |
| (tree) trunk | *mono |
| bird | *bɔrege |
| dog | *masika |
| eel | *baramɔ |
| fowl, chicken | *kokore |
| rat | *koto |
| bad | *orara |
| big | *pɔn(n)ɔ |
| black | *muŋ[i,o] |
| cold | *kamari |
| dirty | *kumi |
| far | *iti- |
| hungry | *perɔ |
| long, tall | *iti- |
| old | *uri- |
| sick | *tipɔ |
| thick | *mōtu |
| warm, hot | *tɔkɔtɔkɔ |
| white | *kākɔtɔ |
| fall | *ru- |
| flow | *tū |
| go | *be- |
| push | *tūme |
| put | *ti- |
| turn | *bero- |
| breathe, live | *roma- |
| cough | *k(o)u- |
| die | *bō |
| drink, eat | *nai |
| hear | *tarɔ- |
| sleep | *ati- |
| smell | *nū- |
| spit | *tutu- |
| suck | *muti- |
South Bougainville words of likelyProto-Oceanic origin:[3]
| language | family | pig | fence | left | fish | back | shark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nagovisi | South Bougainville | polo | para | akona- | kalege | vilo | — |
| Nasioi | South Bougainville | poro | parang | mare- | taki | bilo' | — |
| Buin | South Bougainville | uuru | holo | mori- | iana | muure | paaoi |
| Motuna | South Bougainville | huuru | horo | mori- | koringi | muuri | pakoi |
| Proto-Oceanic | Austronesian | *borok | *bara | *mawiri | *ikan | *muri- | *bakiwa |
| Torau | Austronesian | boo | barabara | mairi- | iala | mudi- | vavoi |
| Uruava | Austronesian | boro | bara | iana | pou- | bakubaku | |
| Mono-Alu | Austronesian | boʔo | — | karaka | iana | aro- | baʔoi |
South Bougainville languages haveSOV word order, unlike the SVO Oceanic languages.[3]
