South Australian English is the variety ofEnglish spoken in theAustralian state ofSouth Australia. As with the otherregional varieties withinAustralian English, these have distinctivevocabularies. To a lesser degree, there are also some differences inphonology (pronunciation). There is also significant influence from minority groups within the state, such as theethnic German community, a sizeable amount of which speakBarossa German.
There are four localised, regional varieties of English in South Australia:Adelaide English,Eyre and Yorke Peninsula English,South East South Australia English andNorthern South Australia English. While there are many commonalities, each has its own variations in vocabulary.
While some of the words attributed to South Australians are used elsewhere in Australia, many genuine regional words are used throughout the state. Some of these areGerman in origin, reflecting the origins of many earlysettlers. Such was the concentration of German speakers in and around theBarossa Valley, it has been suggested they spoke their own dialect of German, known as "Barossa German". The influence of South Australia's German heritage is evidenced by the adoption into the dialect of certain German or German-influenced vocabulary.
One such local word with German origins is "butcher", the name given to a 200 mL (7.0 imp fl oz; 6.8 US fl oz) beer glass, which is believed to be derived from the GermanBecher, meaning a cup or mug.[1] "Butcher" is more commonly attributed to publicans around Adelaide who kept these smaller glasses for abattoir workers coming in straight from work for a drink before heading home.[2]
Processedluncheon meat is known as "fritz" in South Australia, whereas in other states it is referred to asdevon, stras orpolony.
Another uniquely South Australian word is "Stobie pole", which is the pole used to support power and telephone lines. It was invented in South Australia by James Stobie in 1924.
Cornishminers represented another significant wave of early immigrants, and they contributedCornish language words, such aswheal (from Cornishhwel, "mine"), which is preserved in many place names.
South Australian dialects also preserve other British English usages which do not occur elsewhere in Australia: for example, farmers usereap andreaping, as well as "harvest" and "harvesting".
In Australian English, pronunciations vary regionally according to the type of vowel that occurs before the sounds nd, ns, nt, nce, nch, and mple, and the pronunciation of the suffix "-mand". In words like "chance", "plant", "branch", "sample" and "demand", the vast majority of Australians use the flat/æ/TRAP vowel.
In South Australia, however, there is a high proportion of people who use the broad/aː/PALM vowel inBATH words. For example, a 1995 survey of pronunciation in different cities found that 86% of those surveyed in Adelaide pronounced graph with an/aː/, whereas 100% of those surveyed inHobart and 70% of those surveyed inMelbourne used/æ/.[3]
Because of the prevalence of the South Australian broad A, the South Australian accent appears to be closer toCultivated Australian English than other state dialects.
The tendency for some/l/ sounds to become vowels(/l/ vocalisation) is more common in South Australia than other states. "Hurled", for example, in South Australia has a semi vocalised/l/, leading to the pronunciation [həːʊ̯d], whereas in other states the/l/ is pronounced as a consonant. The "l" is semi vocalised; for example, "milk" is pronounced as [mɪʊ̯k] and "hill" is pronounced as [hɪʊ̯].[4]