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Soong Ai-ling

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinese businesswoman (1889–1973); wife of H. H. Kung
In thisChinese name, thefamily name isSoong.
Nancy Soong Ai-ling
Born(1889-07-15)15 July 1889
Died20 October 1973(1973-10-20) (aged 84)
Spouse
Children4, includingKung Ling-i andDavid Kung Ling-kan
Parent(s)Charlie Soong
Ni Kwei-tseng

Soong Ai-ling (traditional Chinese:宋藹齡 or 宋靄齡;simplified Chinese:宋蔼龄 or 宋霭龄;pinyin:Sòng Àilíng; July 15, 1889 – October 20, 1973), legallySoong E-ling orEling Soong, Christian nameNancy, was a Chinese businesswoman, the eldest of theSoong sisters and the wife ofH. H. Kung (Kung Hsiang-Hsi), who was the richest man in the early 20th centuryRepublic of China.

Life

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Born in Shanghai,[1] she attendedMcTyeire School beginning at age 5.[2] Soong Ai-ling arrived at the Port ofSan Francisco, California on June 30, 1904, aboard theSS Korea at the age of 14. She attendedWesleyan College inMacon, Georgia.[3]: 47  Soong returned to China in 1909 after her graduation. In late 1911, she worked as a secretary forSun Yat-sen, a job later taken by her sister,Soong Ching-ling, who later became Madame Sun Yat-sen.

Soong Ai-ling met her future husband,Kung Hsiang Hsi, in 1913, and they married the following year inYokohama. After marrying, Soong taught English for a while and engaged in child welfare work. She is credited with being the most forceful of her siblings. In 1927Chiang Kai-shek, head of theNationalist Party, was smitten with her sister, Meiling, but the family did not think him worthy. Ailing is said to have negotiated the marriage : Chiang would study the Bible; Ailing’s husband, H.H. Kung, would become Chiang’s financier; and her younger brother,T.V. Soong, would pressure bankers and industrialists to finance Chiang’s regime.[4]

In 1936, she founded the Sandai Company (also called Sanbu Company) and became a successful and immensely rich businesswoman in her own right.[5] During theSecond Sino-Japanese War, she was active in the Committee of the National Friends of the Wounded Soldiers and the National Refugee Children's Association, and chair of the local Hong Kong section of the Committee of the National Friends of the Wounded Soldiers.[5]

The three Soong sisters made public appearances in Hong Kong in favor of relief work until 1940, when the Japanese radio stated that they would evacuate rather than join the Chinese government in Chongqing to endure the war conditions.[5] In response to this, they left for Chongqing, where they continued to appear to boost public morale touring hospitals, air-raid shelter systems and bomb sites during the war. They took control ofIndusco (also called Gungho), founded byRewi Alley and others to protect Chinese industry during wartime conditions. Soong Ai-ling was most active of the sisters.[5]

During the later years of the war, Soong Ai-ling, her husband, and her children were accused of graft, corruption, black-marketing and war profiteering.[5] In 1944, her husband was finally asked to step down as minister of finance.[5] She and her husband transferred their immense wealth and business abroad and left for the US.[5]

She died at age 84 on October 20, 1973 atNew York-Presbyterian Hospital inNew York City. She is interred in a mausoleum atFerncliff Cemetery inWestchester County, New York.[6][7]

Children

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Source:[8]


Soong sisters family tree
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Charlie Soong
1863–1918		Ni Kwei-Tseng
1869–1931
Soong Ai-lingH. H. KungSoong Ching-lingSun Yat-senT. V. SoongLo-Yi ChangSoong Mei-lingChiang Kai-shekSoong Zi-liangSoong Zi-on胡其瑛
Rosemond Kung孔令侃孔令伟孔令杰宋琼颐宋曼颐宋瑞颐宋伯熊宋仲虎
Notes:

Media portrayal

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In the 1997Hong Kong movieThe Soong Sisters, Soong was portrayed by actressMichelle Yeoh.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Gao, James Z. (2009-06-16).Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800-1949). Scarecrow Press. p. 337.ISBN 978-0-8108-6308-8.
  2. ^Pakula, Hannah (2009-11-03).The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China.Simon and Schuster. p. 18.ISBN 9781439154236.
  3. ^Coble, Parks M. (2023).The Collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek Lost China's Civil War. Cambridge New York, NY:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-009-29761-5.
  4. ^Pantsov, Alexander (2023).Victorious in Defeat: The Life and Times of Chiang Kai-Shek, China, 1887-1975. New Haven: Yale University Press.ISBN 0300260202., p. 136-137.
  5. ^abcdefgLily Xiao Hong Lee, A. D. Stefanowska, Sue Wiles:Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 2: Twentieth Century
  6. ^Hu, Winnie (May 6, 2001)."For Chinese, Bliss Is Eternity in the Suburbs".New York Times.
  7. ^"Mrs. H. H. Kung, 85, dies".New York Times. Oct 21, 1973.
  8. ^Lily Xiao Hong Lee (2003).中國婦女傳記詞典: The Twentieth Century, 1912-2000. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 477–.ISBN 978-0-7656-0798-0.
  9. ^Frederic E. Wakeman (2003).Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service. University of California Press. pp. 334–.ISBN 978-0-520-92876-3.
  10. ^abDawson, Jennifer"Bizarre bomb shelter becoming data center",Houston Business Journal. May 12, 2003; retrieved April 9, 2012.
  11. ^Bacon, James (April 21, 1962)."Debra Paget Weds Oilman, Nephew of Madame Chiang". Independent. p. 11. RetrievedJune 11, 2015 – viaNewspapers.com.Open access icon

Further reading

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External links

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