Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.,trading asSony Pictures Networks India (SPN orSPNI), is an Indian media conglomerate owned bySony Pictures Television.

SPN manages and operates 26 television channels, the streaming media platformSonyLIV, as well as the television studio Studio NEXT and film studio Sony Pictures Networks Productions.^[1]

It was founded on 30 September 1995^[2] as Sony Entertainment Television India Private Limited (SET India Pvt Ltd.).^[3][4] The first channel from the company wasSony Entertainment Television.

In 1999, SET India Pvt Ltd., launched its second channelSony Max^[5] which broadcast Hindi movies and sports events along with Sony Entertainment Television. In 2005, SET India Network bought SAB TV from Sri Adhikari Brothers and rebranded asSony SAB.^[6] In 2006 SET India launched the English movie channelSony Pix.

In December 2007, SET India Private Limited was renamed as Multi Screen Media Private Limited.^[7]

In December 2015, the company was renamed as Sony Pictures Networks India (SPN).^[8][9]

On 24 October 2022, nearly all of Sony's networks underwent a rebranding coinciding withDiwali, replacing the cropped "S" logo used by SET since its launch with the S-curve logo template used by Sony's television networks worldwide since 2019, and first used locally by SonyLIV.^[10]

On 22 September 2021,Zee Entertainment Enterprises announced that it had reached an agreement in principle to merge its television networks, production operations, digital assets, and program libraries with SPN; the combined company would be majority-owned by Sony, and led by Zee CEOPunit Goenka.^[11][12] On 21 December 2021, the two companies reached a definitive agreement to merge; it was stated that the combined company "should be well-positioned to meet the growing consumer demand for premium content across entertainment touchpoints and platform[s]."^[13] Under the agreement, Sony will hold a 51% stake in the combined company, and inherit Zee's public listing on theBombay Stock Exchange.^[14] The companies set a two-year deadline of 21 December 2023 to complete the merger, with a one-month grace period ending 20 January 2024.^[15]

In 2022, SPN changed its corporate name to Culver Max Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.; the name is used exclusively by the holding company, which continues to otherwise do business as Sony Pictures Networks.^[16] In October 2022, the merger was approved by theCompetition Commission of India (CCI); it was reported that Zee had voluntarily agreed to divest or shut down one general entertainment channel as a condition of the approval.^[16]

In June 2023, theSecurities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) prohibited Goenka from holding directorial positions in any listed company for one year, amid an investigation into allegations ofinsider trading; the action was considered to be a potential impediment to the closure of the merger, as he was expected to lead the combined company^[17][18][19] On 10 August 2023, the merger was approved by theNational Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).^[14] In September 2023, Sony stated that the merger would be delayed for unspecified reasons.^[20] In November 2023, the SEBI lifted its ban on Goenka after an appeal.^[17]

On 9 January 2024, amid rumors that Sony was seeking to call off the merger, Zee issued a statement that it was still committed to completing the agreement, and called the reports "baseless".^[15] However, on 22 January 2024, Sony issued a notice to Zee effectively terminating the merger proceedings due to, among other reasons, the closing conditions to the merger not being satisfied by the given deadline of 21 January.^[21]

The network forayed into the Indian sports TV market in 2002 after acquiring the media rights forInternational Cricket Council (ICC) matches from 2002 to 2007,^[22] which were broadcast on SET and Sony MAX.^[23]

SET / Sony MAX were known for animated Tiger sequences during the live TV match events of ICC Cricket World Cup 2003 - 2007 & ICC Champions Trophy 2006, for example Tiger do Bangra dance when batter hits a six. Sony Max referred the animation as the Deewana Tiger (Mascot) for the channel.^[24]

The animation was the brainchild of Vivekananda Roy Ghatak & it was created by 2NZAnimation for the Sony Max.^[25]

In 2008, along with Singapore-basedWorld Sport Group, it won the broadcast rights for theIPL for 10 years.^[26] In April 2012, it launched its first sports channelSony Six.^[27] In August 2016, SPN acquired theTen Sports networks from Zee Entertainment Enterprises for $385 million, with the networks rebranded in 2017 under the "Sony TEN" brand, and integrated with Sony Six and Sony ESPN.^[28][29][30]

In the widespread entertainment category,Sony Entertainment Television (SET)^[31] andSony SAB^[32] are the network's premier channels. Offering content from SET and Sony SAB isSony Pal,^[33] a channel targeted towards rural Hindi-speaking markets.Sony YAY!^[34] is a kids’ entertainment channel that airs several shows in regional languages.

The network also has a joint venture withBBC Earth to showcase non-fictional programming viaSony BBC Earth.^[35]

In January 2013, the network forayed into video-on-demand with the launch of its OTT platform,SonyLIV.^[36] Its library consists of content from the network's channels in India such as SET and Sony SAB, alongside originals such as, Gullak,^[37] LIV Shout Out^[38] and Holycross.^[39] Apart from archival and regional content, movie premieres, short films and LIVE sports are also a part of SonyLIV's offerings.

The platform has crossed 109 million app downloads.

Sony MAX,^[40]Sony MAX1 andSony MAX2^[41] offer Hindi cinema to viewers. Sony MAX showcases world premieres, while Sony MAX HD focuses to Indian viewers who prefer a high definition viewing experience. Sony MAX1 and Sony MAX2 caters to viewers who appreciate evergreen Indian cinema.Alongside these, the network offersSony PIX^[42] basing its programming on Hollywood films andSony WAH.^[43]

An independent business unit of SPNI, Studio NEXT creates original content and IPs for television and digital media within India and globally.^[44] The venture began its journey by producing the debutant season ofKus Bani Koshur Karorpaet, theKashmiri adaptation ofWho Wants to Be a Millionaire? but like othervernacular Indian adaptations, structured more in line with Indian flagship, national adaptation inKaun Banega Crorepati.^[a] Going forward, Studio NEXT will continue to produce new IPs whilst leveraging the existing ones underSony Entertainment ownership.

'Ek India Happywala' is the call-to-action under which the network guides its contribution towards society. To create change in society, it focuses on 3 impact areas - Environment, Education and Empowerment.^[48]

The network associates itself with several NGOs such as Krida Vikas Sanstha,^[49] Cricket Association for the Blind of Maharashtra (CABM)^[50] and ConnectEd Technologies to name a few, and undertakes initiatives such as providing clean drinking water to drought-affected areas in Maharashtra^[48] and supporting upcoming Indian athletes with equipment and training required to compete at international events among a few.

• Sony India
• Sony Sports Network
• Sony Pictures
• Sony Pictures Television
• Sony

• Sony Pictures Networks India
• Television broadcasting companies of India
• Mass media companies based in Mumbai
• Indian companies established in 1995
• Mass media companies established in 1995
• Indian subsidiaries of foreign companies
• 1995 establishments in Maharashtra
• Television networks in India
• Culver Max Entertainment

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