Sonic Youth was an American rock band formed inNew York City in 1981. Founding membersKim Gordon (bass, vocals, guitar),Thurston Moore (lead guitar, vocals) andLee Ranaldo (rhythm guitar, vocals) remained together for the entire history of the band, whileSteve Shelley (drums) followed a series of short-term drummers in 1985, rounding out the core line-up.Jim O'Rourke (bass, guitar, keyboards) was also a member of the band from 1999 to 2005, andMark Ibold (bass, guitar) was a member from 2006 to 2011.
Sonic Youth emerged from the experimentalno wave art and music scene in New York[citation needed] before evolving into a more conventional rock band and becoming a prominent member of the Americannoise rock scene. Sonic Youth has been praised for having "redefined what rock guitar could do"[1] using a wide variety ofunorthodox guitar tunings whilepreparing guitars with objects like drumsticks and screwdrivers to alter the instruments'timbre. The band was a pivotal influence on thealternative andindie rock movements.
After gaining a large underground following and critical praise through releases withSST Records in the late 1980s, the band experienced mainstream success throughout the 1990s and 2000s after signing to major labelDGC in 1990 and headlining the 1995Lollapalooza festival. The band disbanded in 2011 following the separation and subsequent divorce of Gordon and Moore, with their final live shows taking place in Brazil.[2][3] The members have since asserted that the band is finished and will not reunite.[4]
Shortly after guitaristThurston Moore moved to New York City in early 1977, he formed the group Room Tone with his roommates; they later changed their name tothe Coachmen.[5] After the breakup of the Coachmen, Moore began jamming withStanton Miranda, whose band, CKM, featuredKim Gordon.[6] Moore and Gordon formed a band, appearing under names like Male Bonding,[7] Red Milk,[7] and the Arcadians[8] before settling on Sonic Youth[9] in mid-1981. The name came from combining the nickname ofMC5'sFred "Sonic" Smith withreggae artistBig Youth.[8] Gordon later recalled that "as soon as Thurston came up with the name Sonic Youth, a certain sound that was more of what we wanted to do came about."[10] The band playedNoise Fest in June 1981 at New York'sWhite Columns gallery,[11] whereLee Ranaldo was playing as a member ofGlenn Branca's electric guitar ensemble. Their performance impressed Moore, who described them as "the most ferocious guitar band that I had ever seen in my life",[6] and he invited Ranaldo to join Sonic Youth.[12] The new trio played three songs at the festival later in the week without a drummer. Each band member took turns playing the drums, until they met drummerRichard Edson.[13] Anne DeMarinis was in Sonic Youth for a brief period in 1981 as a keyboardist when they performed for the first time at theNoise Fest at theWhite Columns art space. She contributed vocals, along with Gordon and Moore, on three (known) Sonic Youth songs performed once, and only live on June 18, 1981. The songs are entitled "Noisefest #1", "Noisefest #2", and "Noisefest #3". She also played guitar at that same show on the song entitled "Noisefest #4". DeMarinis left the band before theirself-titled debut EP was recorded in December 1981.
Branca signed Sonic Youth as the first act on his record labelNeutral Records. In December 1981, the group recorded five songs at New York'sRadio City Music Hall. The material was released as the EPSonic Youth which, while largely ignored, was sent to a few key members of the American music press, who gave it uniformly favorable reviews.[14] The album featured a relatively conventional post-punk style, in contrast to their later releases. Edson then quit the group for an acting career[15] and was replaced byBob Bert.[16]
During their early days as part of the New York music scene, Sonic Youth formed a friendship with fellow New York noise rock bandSwans.[17] The bands shared a rehearsal space, and Sonic Youth embarked on its first tour in November 1982 supporting Swans.[18] During a second tour with Swans the following month, tensions ran high and Moore constantly criticized Bert's drumming, which he felt was not "in the pocket".[19] Bert was fired afterwards[20] and replaced byJim Sclavunos,[21] who played drums on the band's first studio album, 1983'sConfusion Is Sex, which featured a louder and more dissonant sound than their debut EP. Sonic Youth set up a tour of Europe for the summer of 1983. Sclavunos, however, quit the band after only a few months. The group asked Bert to rejoin, and he agreed on the condition that he would not be fired again after the tour's conclusion.[22] Bert went on to play on the band'sKill Yr Idols EP later in 1983.
Sonic Youth were well received in Europe, but the New York press largely ignored the localnoise rock scene. Eventually, as the press began to take notice of the genre, Sonic Youth was grouped with bands likeBig Black, theButthole Surfers, andPussy Galore under the "pigfucker" label byVillage Voice editorRobert Christgau.[23] Another critic fromThe Village Voice panned a substandard September concert in New York.[citation needed] Gordon wrote a scornful letter to the newspaper, criticizing it for not supporting its local music scene, to which Christgau responded that the paper was not obligated to support them. Moore retaliated by renaming the song "Kill Yr Idols" to "I Killed Christgau with My Big Fucking Dick", before the two eventually sorted out their differences amicably.[24]
Closing a second European tour in late 1983, Sonic Youth's disastrous London debut saw the band's equipment malfunction and Moore destroying it onstage in frustration.[25] When they returned to New York they were so popular that they were able to book local gigs regularly.[26] The following year, Moore and Gordon were married, and Sonic Youth recordedBad Moon Rising, a self-described "Americana" album that served as a reaction to the state of the nation at the time.[27] The album, recorded byMartin Bisi, was built around transitional pieces that Moore and Ranaldo had come up with in order to take up time onstage during tuning breaks;[26] as a result, there are almost no gaps between the songs on the records.Bad Moon Rising featured an appearance byLydia Lunch in "Death Valley '69", which was inspired by theCharles Manson Family murders.[28]
Due to a falling-out with Branca over disputed royalty payments from their Neutral releases, Sonic Youth signed withHomestead Records in the US andBlast First in the UK (which founderPaul Smith created simply so he could distribute the band's records in Europe).[29] While the New York press ignoredBad Moon Rising upon its 1985 release, now viewing the band as too arty and pretentious, Sonic Youth gained critical acclaim in the United Kingdom, where the new album sold 5,000 copies.[30]
Claiming he was bored with playingBad Moon Rising live in its entirety for over a year, Bert quit the group and was replaced bySteve Shelley, formerly of thepunk groupthe Crucifucks. Sonic Youth was so impressed with Shelley's drumming after seeing him play live that they hired him without an audition.[31] Bert and Shelley both appeared in the music video for "Death Valley '69", as Bert had performed the drums on the song, but Shelley was the group's drummer when the video was filmed.
Sonic Youth in a publicity photo issued by SST to promote their fourth album,Sister (1987). Left to right: Shelley, Ranaldo, Moore, Gordon.
Sonic Youth had long appreciatedSST Records; Ranaldo said, "It was the first record company we were on that we really would have given anything to be on."[32] Sonic Youth signed with the label in early 1986 and began recordingEVOL withMartin Bisi. The band gained national attention when signing with SST, making them the first band from the New York underground to gain such notice.[33] The mainstream music press subsequently began to take notice of the band. Robert Palmer ofThe New York Times declared that Sonic Youth was "making the most startlingly original guitar-based music sinceJimi Hendrix" and evenPeople reviewedEVOL, describing the album as the "aural equivalent of atoxic waste dump."[34] The album was later called "a classic" byNeil Young.[35]
Around the same time, the band collaborated withMike Watt under the alias Ciccone Youth, which was a play on the names Sonic Youth and Ciccone, the surname of pop singerMadonna.[36] Sonic Youth releaseda single in 1986 anda studio album in 1988 under the Ciccone Youth name.[37] The 1986 single, "Into the Groove(y)", was a cover of Madonna's "Into the Groove" and was preceded by "Tuff Titty Rap". The flip side of the record was Watt's cover of Madonna's "Burning Up" which had the altered title of "Burnin' Up".The Whitey Album included both Sonic Youth songs from the single plus a demo version of "Burnin' Up". The album also contained a cover ofRobert Palmer's "Addicted to Love" which was recorded in akaraoke booth.[38]
The 1987 Sonic Youth albumSister was a loose concept album partly inspired by the life and works of science fiction writerPhilip K. Dick. The "sister" of the title was Dick'sfraternal twin, who died shortly after her birth and whose memory haunted Dick his entire life.[39]Sister sold 60,000 copies and received very positive reviews, becoming the first Sonic Youth album to crack the Top 20 of theVillage Voice's Pazz & Jop critics poll.[40]
Despite their critical success, the band became dissatisfied with SST due to concerns about payments and other administrative practices.[41] Sonic Youth decided to release their next record onEnigma Records, which was distributed byCapitol Records and partly owned byEMI. The 1988 double LPDaydream Nation was a critical success that earned Sonic Youth substantial acclaim. The album came in second on theVillage Voice Pazz & Jop poll and topped the year-end album lists atNME,CMJ, andMelody Maker. In 2005, it was one of 50 recordings chosen by theLibrary of Congress to be added to theNational Recording Registry.[42] The lead single from the album, "Teen Age Riot", was their first song to receive significant airplay on modern rock and college rock stations, reaching number 20 on theBillboardModern Rock Tracks chart.[43] A number of prominent music periodicals includingRolling Stone hailedDaydream Nation as one of the best albums of the decade and named Sonic Youth as the "Hot Band" in its "Hot" issue.[44] Unfortunately, distribution problems arose andDaydream Nation was often difficult to find in stores. Moore considered Enigma a "cheap-jack Mafioso outfit" and the band began looking for a major label deal.[45]
Major label career and becoming alternative icons: 1990–1999
In 1990, Sonic Youth releasedGoo, their first album forGeffen. The album featured the single "Kool Thing" on whichPublic Enemy'sChuck D made a guest appearance. The record was considered much more accessible than their previous works[46] and became the band's best-selling record to date.
In 1992, the band releasedDirty on theDGC label. Their influence as tastemakers continued with their discovery of acclaimedskateboardvideo directorSpike Jonze, who they recruited for the video for "100%", which also featured skateboarder turned actorJason Lee. That song and "JC" discuss themurder of Joe Cole, a friend who worked with Black Flag as a roadie.[citation needed][47] The album features artwork by Los Angeles–based artistMike Kelley.[48]Dirty features a guest appearance byIan MacKaye on the track "Youth Against Fascism". In 1993, the band contributed the track "Burning Spear" to the AIDS benefit albumNo Alternative, produced by theRed Hot Organization.[49]
In 1994, the band releasedExperimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star, their best-charting release in the United States to date at No. 34 on theBillboard 200.[50] Moore and Gordon's daughter, Coco Hayley Moore, was born later that year, and many of the songs from the album were never played live because there was never a full tour to support the album due to Gordon's pregnancy.[51] In 1994, the band released a cover ofthe Carpenters' 1971 hit "Superstar" for the tribute albumIf I Were a Carpenter.[52] The band headlined the 1995Lollapalooza festival withHole andPavement.[50] By that time, alternative rock had gained considerable mainstream attention, and the festival was parodied inThe Simpsons episode "Homerpalooza" in 1996, which featured voiceovers from the band. They also performed the final credits theme for that episode.[53]
The albumWashing Machine was released in 1995 and represented a shift in Sonic Youth's sound, away from their punk rock roots and toward experimental and longerjam-based arrangements.[54] Starting in 1997 they released a series of improvisational albums grouped under the titleSYR with song titles and liner notes in various languages.[55]SYR3: Invito al ĉielo, released in 1998, featuredJim O'Rourke who later became an official band member.[56] Various songs from theSYR series were added to Sonic Youth's live performances, and others inspired tracks on the next proper Sonic Youth album,A Thousand Leaves, released in 1998.[57]
On July 4, 1999, Sonic Youth's instruments and stage equipment were stolen during a tour in Orange County, California. Almost 30 guitars and basses were stolen; some were recovered over the next 13 years.[58][59] Forced to start from scratch with new instruments, they released the albumNYC Ghosts & Flowers in 2000 and opened forPearl Jam during the east coast leg of that band's 2000 tour.[60]
In 2001, Sonic Youth collaborated with French avant-garde singer and poet Brigitte Fontaine on her albumKékéland.[61] The following year, Sonic Youth participated in the first outing of theAll Tomorrow's Parties music festival and curating the ensuing compilation album.[62] The albumMurray Street was released in 2002 and saw the addition of Jim O'Rourke as a full-time member on guitar, bass, and keyboards.[63] During this period the band participated in the production of the documentary filmKill Your Idols, directed and produced by Scott Crary and covering the history of punk rock in New York City. The film was released in 2004.[64]
In 2003, Sonic Youth released a split 7-inch single withErase Errata.[65] The next Sonic Youth album,Sonic Nurse, was also released in 2004.[66] The band was slated to perform in the 2004Lollapalooza tour along with acts such asthe Pixies andthe Flaming Lips, but the tour was canceled due to lackluster ticket sales.[67] O'Rourke departed in 2006 and was replaced by bassistMark Ibold for touring purposes,[68] but Ibold later became a full-time member. He had earlier been part ofPavement and worked with Gordon inFree Kitten.
Additional guitarist Jim O'Rourke with the band in concert in 2004
Rather Ripped was released in 2006 and was noted as a return to the band's earlier sound, due both to the departure of O'Rourke and the recovery of some of the instruments that had been stolen in 1999.[69] On May 9, 2006, Kim and Thurston made a special guest appearance on WB teen drama showGilmore Girls (season 6, episode 22), performing an acoustic version of their new song, "What a Waste", alongside their daughter Coco. Sonic Youth played theBonnaroo Festival later that year.[70] In December 2006 they releasedThe Destroyed Room: B-Sides and Rarities. The compilation featured tracks previously available only onvinyl, tracks from limited-release compilations,B-sides to international singles, and some material that had never before been released. This marked the band's final Geffen release.[71]
In 2007, the band became one of the earliest big-name rock bands to play in China when they were brought in for a tour by the music companySplit Works.[72] In 2008 they released a compilation album onStarbucks Music, calledHits Are for Squares, with the tracks selected by other celebrities.[73] Later in 2008, Sonic Youth ended their relationship withGeffen, due to dissatisfaction with how the label had promoted their last several albums.[74] They then signed with independent labelMatador Records,[75] which released the albumThe Eternal in 2009.[76] During this period they collaborated withJohn Paul Jones on the soundtrack for a performance atMerce Cunningham Dance Company to honor the company's founder.[77] In 2010 the band scored and composed the soundtrack of the French thriller-dramaSimon Werner a Disparu, which premiered at theCannes International Film Festival.[78] The soundtrack was released in 2011 asSYR9: Simon Werner a Disparu, an entry in experimentalSYR series.
Sonic Youth performing in Santiago, Chile in November 2011
On October 14, 2011, Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore announced that they had separated after 27 years of marriage.[79] Sonic Youth's label Matador explained that plans for the band remained "uncertain", despite previously hinting that they would record new material later in the year.[80] Sonic Youth performed their final concert on November 14, 2011, at theSWU Music & Arts Festival inPaulínia, São Paulo, Brazil.[2][3] The following week, Lee Ranaldo stated in an interview that Sonic Youth would be "ending for a while".[81]
In November 2013, Ranaldo said in response to the question of a possible reunion, "I fear not. Everybody is busy with their own projects, besides that Thurston and Kim aren't getting along together very well since their split… Let [the band] rest in peace."[4] Thurston Moore updated and clarified the matter in May 2014: "Sonic Youth is on hiatus. The band is a democracy of sorts, and as long as Kim and I are working out our situation, the band can't really function reasonably."[82] In her 2015 autobiographyGirl in a Band, Gordon refers several times to the band having "split up" for good.
During theCOVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Sonic Youth sold official face masks based on the artwork from the albumSonic Nurse, with proceeds going to charities Brooklyn Community Bail Fund, Bed Stuy Strong, andAlexandria Ocasio-Cortez's COVID-19 Relief Fund.[83] The same year, an extensive archive of live recordings from throughout the band's history was released on Bandcamp.[84]
In January 2022, a new single "In & Out" was released ahead of the March release of the rarities EPIn/out/In.[85] The five-track EP featured previously unissued outtakes recorded between 2000 and 2010.
Sonic Youth is considered a pioneering band in thenoise rock andalternative rock genres.[1] Their music has also been labelledexperimental rock,indie rock,post-punk[1] andart rock.[87][88] The band's releases have been described as "genre-defying." Andrew Daly ofGuitar World wrote, "Lee Ranaldo and Thurston Moore sought to tear down the idea of guitar-driven music completely. [...] The pair's viewpoint on their instruments was fresh, vivid and untethered to all established norms."[89]
The band was also influenced by 1980shardcore punk; after seeingMinor Threat perform in May 1982, Moore declared them "the greatest live band I have ever seen".[95] He also sawthe Faith performing in 1981 and had a strong admiration towards their records.[96] While recognizing that their own music was very different from hardcore, Moore and Gordon, especially, were impressed by hardcore's speed and intensity, and by the nationwide network of musicians and fans. "It was great", said Moore, "the whole thing withslam dancing andstage diving, that was far more exciting thanpogoing and spitting. [...] I thought hardcore was very musical and very radical."[97]
Moore and Ranaldo expressed on numerous occasions their admiration for the music ofJoni Mitchell, such as this quote by Thurston Moore: "Joni Mitchell! I've used elements of her songwriting and guitar playing, and no one would ever know about it."[98] Additionally, as with Sonic Youth, Joni Mitchell has always used a number of alternative tunings.[99] The band named a song after her, "Hey Joni". Members of the band have also maintained relationships with other avant-garde artists from other genres and even other media, drawing influence from the work ofJohn Cage andHenry Cowell.[citation needed]
Trying to summarize the music of Sonic Youth with just one tuning is an exercise in noisy futility. The pioneering art rock outfit took advantage of countless unconventional and angular tunings through their run, frequently blending multiple dissonant tunings from different guitarists within one track. [...] The sheer multiplicity of tunings that Sonic Youth used caused all sorts of logistical hurdles for the band. They used cheap guitars that could only function in certain detuned ways and famously used drumsticks and screwdrivers on their guitars to achieve even more adventurous sounds and effects.
Sonic Youth's sound relied heavily on the use ofalternative tunings.Scordatura on stringed instruments has been used for centuries and alternative guitar tunings had been used for decades inblues music, and to a limited degree in rock music (such as withLou Reed'sOstrich guitar onThe Velvet Underground & Nico). Michael Azerrad writes that early in their career, "[Sonic Youth] could only afford cheap guitars, and cheap guitarssounded like cheap guitars. But with weird tunings or something jammed under a particularfret, those humble instruments could sound rather amazing – bang a drum stick on a cheap JapaneseStratocaster copy in the right tuning, crank the amplifier to within an inch of its life and it will sound like church bells."[101]
The tunings were painstakingly developed by Moore and Ranaldo during the band's rehearsals; Moore once reported that the odd tunings were an attempt to introduce new sounds: "When you're playing in standard tuning all the time [...] things sound pretty standard."[101] Rather than re-tune for every song, Sonic Youth generally used a particular guitar for one or two songs, and would take dozens of instruments on tour. This would be the source of much trouble for the band, as live performances of many songs relied on specific guitars that have been uniquelyprepared or otherwise altered for those exact songs.[102]
Sonic Youth's influence is widespread across the spectrum of alternative and underground music. The staff ofSpin wrote, "It's hard to imagine where we would be without Sonic Youth. It's unlikely another smart post-punk band founded around the same time—Big Black, theMeat Puppets—could have delivered us from hardcore's fury quite the same way. What would indie rock sound like if Sonic Youth's sublime din hadn't enchanted and derailed all the college rock bands of the mid-'80s? We would have only been left with a bunch of sanguineFeelies rip offs, never having the chance to divulge a crush via careful mixtape placement of 'Shadow of A Doubt'."[103] Jeff Terich ofStereogum wrote, "No artist did more for noise rock's reputation—or for that matter noise's reputation—than Sonic Youth. They brought it to a wider audience, made a handful of hit alt-rock singles out of it, crashed grunge as it was happening, and became a beloved institution, despite the fact that the bulk of their catalog features some pretty weird stuff.... Their noise wasn't just unique—no other band could replicate it."[104] Heather Phares ofAllMusic wrote, "As they redefined what noise meant within rock & roll– and what success meant for a band with experimental roots– Sonic Youth became one of the most influential, and popular, acts to emerge from the American underground. Their inventive use of alternate tunings, dissonance, and feedback, which they combined with the intensity of hardcore punk and the performance art aesthetic of New York's avant-garde, created a new sonic landscape with an impact that lasted for decades."[105]
^abJansen, Noud (December 8, 2013)."Cultuur: Canvasconnectie: Lee Ranaldo" [Culture: Canvasconnection: Lee Ranaldo].Humo.be. Humo.Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. RetrievedDecember 9, 2013.
^Volohov, Dan (November 17, 2021)."Interview: Lee Ranaldo on New Release "In Virus Times", Sonic Youth, Sound Experiments and Visual Art".joyzine.org.Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. RetrievedJune 13, 2024.Even when Sonic Youth started, we all were inspired by all kinds of things we were listening to. Early influences would have to includeThe Velvets andThe Stooges and all this quite aggressive music. But we also were fans of pop-music and a good melody line. (...) So, from the very beginning of our career together, our times together, we were equally influenced by pop music and pop songs on one side and all this avant-garde music that was being created in New York back then.Glenn Branca andRhys Chatham. All the improvisors. And the history of what had come out of New York:Ornette Coleman andJohn Coltrane. All this kind of stuff as well.La Monte Young. So, we always had these different poles.
^Gardiner, Stewart (June 16, 2023)."A Certain Kind of Energy: Lee Ranaldo Interview".concreteislands.com.Archived from the original on June 16, 2023. RetrievedJune 15, 2024.You know, we were lucky enough to collaborate with a lot of different people that influenced us, like working withNeil Young for a period of time on tour orYoko or Iggy, you know, andBrigitte was one of those.
^Rowland, Mark (June 20, 2008)."Stephen Malkmus - Interview".pennyblack.co.uk.Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. RetrievedJuly 8, 2024.I could always play pretty fast from the Pavement days. There was a lot of that inhereted from Sonic Youth, the tension that comes from playing two strings on the same note really fast.
^Sabatier, Julie (July 27, 2023)."'Starting a Riot' Bonus Episode: Corin Tucker Interview".Oregon Public Broadcasting.Archived from the original on February 29, 2024. RetrievedJuly 8, 2024.And I was like, 'Let's tune down because that's cool, right?' Because that's what Sonic youth does,Nirvana. It was all about those bands had that alternate tuning, you know, it was like, they were the guitar gods that would go, like (makes guitar sound) and, tune to some interesting tuning.
^Murphy, Tom (June 18, 2009)."Q&A with Adam Franklin of Swervedriver".Westword.Archived from the original on January 22, 2021. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2025.I use a Jazzmaster partially because Sonic Youth andDinosaur Jr used them, andElvis Costello used a Jazzmaster as well. They're just cool-looking guitars, and they actually sound good.
^Burch, Justin (August 13, 2004)."MOGWAI – AUGUST 2004".Slugmag.Archived from the original on May 25, 2022. RetrievedJune 28, 2024.
^Trendell, Andrew (October 11, 2017)."Soundtrack Of My Life: Placebo's Brian Molko".NME.Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. RetrievedJune 2, 2024.Sonic Youth remain possibly my biggest influence to this day. They're the greatest rock'n'roll band of all time.
^"5 Records with Jawbreaker's Blake Schwarzenbach".discogs.com. 2024.Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. RetrievedJune 2, 2024.And then just always in the background for us as a band, were both Dinosaur Jr. and Sonic Youth. (...) So, those cinematic passages that [Sonic Youth] have, I mean I think you can hear in some parts of Jawbreaker, we would sometimes try to have a languid Sonic Youth part, we'd be like, 'we just need one good breakdown.'
^Elliott, Kevin J (2009)."Polvo – Celebrate the New Dark Ageby".Agit Reader.Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. RetrievedJune 2, 2024.We definitely thought of Sonic Youth as a huge influence, in many facets. One facet especially was learning how two guitars can fill spaces and interplay and that's something we took from Sonic Youth.
^Davidson, Sandra (July 23, 2019)."50 For 50: Mac McCaughan And Laura Ballance".North Carolina Arts Council.Archived from the original on September 14, 2024. RetrievedDecember 1, 2024.I mean I think that Superchunk – just likethe label – reflected stuff that we were into. [It] sounded like bands we liked. I feel like Superchunk has never been the most original band musically because we sounded like a lot of the records that we listened to. TheBuzzcocks cover was one of the first songs we learned when we first started playing in bands together.Dinosaur Jr. Sonic Youth. I feel likeour first record sounds like that.
^Pessaro, Fred (February 13, 2019)."Jawbox: D.C. Post-Hardcore Act Talks First Tour in 20 Years, 90s Nostalgia, More".Revolver.Archived from the original on January 24, 2023. RetrievedJune 3, 2023.Also I know where we got our stuff from – we didn't invent the things that are in our sound spontaneously for the first time in history. They're all because we were listening to Sonic Youth or Peter Gabriel or whatever it was and it's just the particular stew that we made out of all those ingredients.
Ignacio, Julia; Gonzalo, Jaime (1994).Sonic Youth: I Dreamed of Noise.Barcelona: RUTA 66.
George-Warren, Holly; Romanowski, Patricia, eds. (2005). "Sonic Youth".The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. New York City, New York: Fireside.ISBN978-0-7432-9201-6.
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(3674544213).jpg)
.jpg)
