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Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994

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Total eclipse
Solar eclipse of November 3, 1994
Total eclipse
Map
Gamma−0.3522
Magnitude1.0535
Maximum eclipse
Duration263 s (4 min 23 s)
Coordinates35°24′S34°12′W / 35.4°S 34.2°W /-35.4; -34.2
Max. width of band189 km (117 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse13:40:06
References
Saros133 (44 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)9496

A totalsolar eclipse occurred at the Moon'sascending node of orbit on Thursday, November 3, 1994,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] with amagnitude of 1.0535. Asolar eclipse occurs when theMoon passes betweenEarth and theSun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon'sapparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 10 hours afterperigee (on November 3, 1994, at 23:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[12]

Totality was visible inPeru, northernChile,Bolivia, northernArgentina,Paraguay,Brazil andGough Island ofBritish overseas territory ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. TheIguazu Falls, one of the largest waterfalls systems in the world, lay in the path of totality. A partial eclipse was visible for parts ofCentral America,South America,Antarctica, andSouthern Africa.

Images

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Observations

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Jay Pasachoff led an observation team fromWilliams College inMassachusetts, observing the total eclipse at a military base nearPutre, Chile, in theAtacama Desert. The team took images of the corona and measured its brightness. Teams fromJapan andSouth Korea also conducted observations nearby.[13] TheRussian Academy of Sciences sent a team toCriciúma, Brazil, taking images of the corona inpolarized light and proposing reconstruction of its ray structure.[14]

Eclipse timing

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Places experiencing total eclipse

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Solar Eclipse of November 3, 1994
(Local Times)
Country or territoryCity or placeStart of partial eclipseStart of total eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of total eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of totality (min:s)Duration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum magnitude
 PeruArequipa06:14:4607:15:5607:16:1507:16:3508:25:440:392:111.0009
 ChileArica08:17:2509:18:4909:19:4809:20:4610:30:171:572:131.0061
 BoliviaPotosí07:20:1208:23:4708:25:0808:26:3009:38:452:432:191.0115
 ParaguayAsunción08:32:4009:42:2209:42:5109:43:2111:01:570:592:291.0013
 ParaguayCaraguatay08:33:1209:42:1609:43:5309:45:3111:03:323:152:301.0136
 ParaguayCiudad del Este08:35:2409:45:4709:47:2809:49:1011:08:313:232:331.0142
 BrazilFoz do Iguaçu09:35:2810:45:5110:47:3310:49:1612:08:383:252:331.0146
 BrazilCriciúma09:45:2810:58:4611:00:4711:02:4912:24:164:032:391.0255
References:[1]

Places experiencing partial eclipse

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Solar Eclipse of November 3, 1994
(Local Times)
Country or territoryCity or placeStart of partial eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum coverage
 ColombiaBogotá06:08:0306:55:4707:48:151:4032.05%
 EcuadorGalápagos Islands05:37:33 (sunrise)05:57:0506:52:441:1569.86%
 EcuadorQuito06:05:1206:57:2807:55:231:5054.12%
 ColombiaLeticia06:07:2307:04:0208:07:392:0056.19%
 PeruLima06:10:0107:08:1508:13:372:0494.49%
 BoliviaLa Paz07:15:4408:18:5409:30:302:1596.11%
 ChileIquique08:19:4009:22:1610:32:542:1396.40%
 BoliviaSucre07:19:4208:24:4909:38:422:1999.39%
 ChileAntofagasta08:24:3309:26:5510:36:572:1285.24%
 ParaguayPedro Juan Caballero08:30:1209:41:1511:01:392:3195.08%
 ChileSantiago08:42:1109:41:3710:47:042:0556.35%
 ParaguayEncarnación08:37:1409:48:3011:08:242:3197.60%
 ArgentinaBuenos Aires08:48:5409:56:3511:11:072:2271.07%
 BrazilSão Paulo09:41:3310:57:4812:22:492:4182.18%
 UruguayMontevideo08:50:5209:59:5911:15:542:2573.58%
 BrazilRio de Janeiro09:46:0311:03:4312:29:352:4473.89%
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsKing Edward Point10:48:3811:50:3912:53:272:0539.73%
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaEdinburgh of the Seven Seas13:03:1914:25:5015:42:522:4092.88%
 Bouvet IslandBouvet Island14:33:4215:36:3716:36:122:0351.94%
 MadagascarAntananarivo17:32:3717:55:0717:58:22 (sunset)0:2625.47%
 French Southern and Antarctic LandsÎle de la Possession19:11:5220:01:3820:27:46 (sunset)1:1651.99%
 South AfricaCape Town16:00:3817:08:1418:08:572:0886.75%
 NamibiaWindhoek16:14:0217:15:0118:09:341:5642.15%
 LesothoMaseru16:14:3717:16:3218:12:231:5875.77%
 MadagascarToliara17:27:5718:17:0318:19:29 (sunset)0:5266.89%
 South AfricaJohannesburg16:18:4917:18:5318:13:051:5464.35%
 BotswanaGaborone16:19:1917:19:0618:12:551:5456.67%
 EswatiniMbabane16:20:3817:19:3818:13:031:5367.57%
 MozambiqueMaputo16:21:5017:20:0818:07:26 (sunset)1:4667.51%
 ZimbabweHarare16:32:4017:24:0818:02:58 (sunset)1:3036.40%
References:[1]

Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[15]

November 3, 1994 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact1994 November 03 at 11:06:00.2 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1994 November 03 at 12:02:38.7 UTC
First Central Line1994 November 03 at 12:03:41.3 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1994 November 03 at 12:04:44.0 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact1994 November 03 at 13:09:15.5 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1994 November 03 at 13:36:30.1 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1994 November 03 at 13:40:06.0 UTC
Greatest Duration1994 November 03 at 13:42:38.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1994 November 03 at 13:48:07.6 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact1994 November 03 at 14:10:44.2 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1994 November 03 at 15:15:21.7 UTC
Last Central Line1994 November 03 at 15:16:24.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1994 November 03 at 15:17:28.1 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1994 November 03 at 16:14:07.1 UTC
November 3, 1994 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.05351
Eclipse Obscuration1.10989
Gamma−0.35216
Sun Right Ascension14h33m55.8s
Sun Declination-15°05'51.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'07.4"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension14h33m36.5s
Moon Declination-15°26'53.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'43.0"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°01'21.1"
ΔT60.6 s

Eclipse season

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See also:Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.

Eclipse season of November 1994
November 3
Ascending node (new moon)
November 18
Descending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 133		Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 145

Related eclipses

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Eclipses in 1994

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 133

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 1993–1996

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This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.[16]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1993 to 1996
Descending node Ascending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
118May 21, 1993

Partial		1.1372123November 13, 1993

Partial		−1.0411
128

Partial inBismarck, ND, USA		May 10, 1994

Annular		0.4077133

Totality inBolivia		November 3, 1994

Total		−0.3522
138April 29, 1995

Annular		−0.3382143

Totality inDundlod,India		October 24, 1995

Total		0.3518
148April 17, 1996

Partial		−1.058153October 12, 1996

Partial		1.1227

Saros 133

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This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sascending node of orbit.[17]

Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200:
343536

July 17, 1814
July 27, 1832
August 7, 1850
373839

August 18, 1868
August 29, 1886
September 9, 1904
404142

September 21, 1922
October 1, 1940
October 12, 1958
434445

October 23, 1976
November 3, 1994
November 13, 2012
464748

November 25, 2030
December 5, 2048
December 17, 2066
495051

December 27, 2084
January 8, 2103
January 19, 2121
525354

January 30, 2139
February 9, 2157
February 21, 2175
55

March 3, 2193

Metonic series

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Themetonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

20 eclipse events between June 10, 1964 and August 21, 2036
June 10–11March 28–29January 14–16November 3August 21–22
117119121123125

June 10, 1964
March 28, 1968
January 16, 1972
November 3, 1975
August 22, 1979
127129131133135

June 11, 1983
March 29, 1987
January 15, 1991
November 3, 1994
August 22, 1998
137139141143145

June 10, 2002
March 29, 2006
January 15, 2010
November 3, 2013
August 21, 2017
147149151153155

June 10, 2021
March 29, 2025
January 14, 2029
November 3, 2032
August 21, 2036

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)
March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)
February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)
December 11, 1852
(Saros 120)

November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)
October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)
September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)
August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)

June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)
May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)
April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)
March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)
February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)

January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)
December 4, 1983
(Saros 132)
November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)

August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)
July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)
May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)
April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)
March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)

February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)
December 29, 2103
(Saros 143)
November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)

September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)
July 25, 2158
(Saros 148)
June 25, 2169
(Saros 149)
May 24, 2180
(Saros 150)

April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

March 4, 1821
(Saros 127)
February 12, 1850
(Saros 128)
January 22, 1879
(Saros 129)

January 3, 1908
(Saros 130)
December 13, 1936
(Saros 131)
November 23, 1965
(Saros 132)

November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
October 14, 2023
(Saros 134)
September 22, 2052
(Saros 135)

September 3, 2081
(Saros 136)
August 15, 2110
(Saros 137)
July 25, 2139
(Saros 138)

July 5, 2168
(Saros 139)
June 15, 2197
(Saros 140)

References

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  1. ^abc"November 3, 1994 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved10 August 2024.
  2. ^"Ultimo eclipse total de sol del siglo".La Prensa. Panama City, Panama, Panama. 1994-11-03. p. 27. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^"Two Sunrises: Dawn Breaks Twice In South America In Rare Solar Eclipse".The Tyler Courier-Times. Tyler, Texas. 1994-11-03. p. 18. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^"Rare Solar Eclipse Amazes People In South America".Hickory Daily Record. Hickory, North Carolina. 1994-11-03. p. 35. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^"Sun rises twice in rare solar eclipse".The Times. Streator, Illinois. 1994-11-03. p. 9. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^"S. America captivated by rare eclipse of the sun".Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. 1994-11-03. p. 27. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^"Rare solar eclipse yields two sunrises".The Galion Inquirer. Galion, Ohio. 1994-11-03. p. 3. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^"Eclipse de sol oscurecerá hoy a cinco países sudamericanos".La Prensa. Panama City, Panama, Panama. 1994-11-03. p. 43. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^"Brazilian sky watchers wait for eclipse".The Pantagraph. Bloomington, Illinois. 1994-11-03. p. 5. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^"Eclipse shrouds South America".The Daily Herald-Tribune. Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. 1994-11-03. p. 9. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^"A day with 2 sunrises".The South Bend Tribune. South Bend, Indiana. 1994-11-03. p. 6. Retrieved2023-10-18 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^"Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved10 August 2024.
  13. ^"1994 total eclipse". Williams College. Archived fromthe original on 1 September 2019.
  14. ^"ON THE STRUCTURE OF 3.11.94 ECLIPSE CORONA". IZMIRAN. Archived fromthe original on 22 November 2020.
  15. ^"Total Solar Eclipse of 1994 Nov 03". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved10 August 2024.
  16. ^van Gent, R.H."Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present".A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved6 October 2018.
  17. ^"NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133".eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

External links

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Photos:

Features
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By era
Saros series (list)
Visibility
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21 August 2017 total solar eclipse
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10 May 2013 annular eclipse
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