Solar eclipse of July 22, 1990

Total eclipse
Partial fromFinland
Map
Gamma	0.7597
Magnitude	1.0391
Maximum eclipse
Duration	153 s (2 min 33 s)
Coordinates	65°12′N168°54′E / 65.2°N 168.9°E /65.2; 168.9
Max. width of band	201 km (125 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	3:03:07
References
Saros	126 (46 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9487
←January 26, 1990 January 15, 1991 →

A totalsolar eclipse occurred at the Moon'sdescending node of orbit between Saturday, July 21 and Sunday, July 22, 1990,^[1] with amagnitude of 1.0391. Asolar eclipse occurs when theMoon passes betweenEarth and theSun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon'sapparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 2.7 days afterperigee (on July 19, 1990, at 12:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.^[2]

Totality was visible in southernFinland including its capital cityHelsinki, theSoviet Union (including today's northernEstonia and northernRussia), and easternAndreanof Islands andAmukta ofAlaska. A partial eclipse was visible for parts ofEastern Europe,North Asia,Alaska, westernCanada, the westernUnited States, andHawaii.

InFinland, the solar eclipse occurred during sunrise and enabled observation and photography without protective glasses, which was however hampered by strong clouds.^[3] The Sun was totally eclipsed inHelsinki began at 06:03:07 local time.

TheFinnish Geodetic Institute conducted a series of measurements for 52 hours to study the changes in gravity using an absolute gravimeter in Helsinki. No abnormal values were recorded.^[4] An observation team of theAcademy of Sciences of the Soviet Union went to theSolovetsky Islands,Arkhangelsk Oblast in theWhite Sea, and planned to take images of thecorona with different exposure levels and record videos. However, there were clouds at sunrise on the eclipse day, and drizzle continued until noon, so the observation was not successful.^[5]

Solar Eclipse of July 22, 1990
(Local Times)

Country or territory	City or place	Start of partial eclipse	Start of total eclipse	Maximum eclipse	End of total eclipse	End of partial eclipse	Duration of totality (min:s)	Duration of eclipse (hr:min)	Maximum magnitude
Estonia	Tallinn	04:42:38 (sunrise)	04:52:09	04:52:33	04:52:56	05:44:22	0:47	1:02	1.0028
Finland	Kotka	04:25:17 (sunrise)	04:52:11	04:52:36	04:53:01	05:44:57	0:50	1:20	1.0029
Finland	Lappeenranta	04:15:00 (sunrise)	04:52:15	04:52:42	04:53:09	05:45:22	0:54	1:30	1.0033
Finland	Helsinki	04:35:53 (sunrise)	04:52:29	04:53:11	04:53:53	05:45:11	1:24	1:09	1.0117
Finland	Vantaa	04:34:24 (sunrise)	04:52:34	04:53:16	04:53:58	05:45:18	1:24	1:11	1.0128
Finland	Espoo	04:36:42 (sunrise)	04:52:38	04:53:21	04:54:04	05:45:19	1:26	1:09	1.014
Finland	Lahti	04:25:50 (sunrise)	04:53:00	04:53:53:42	04:54:24	05:45:57	1:24	1:20	1.011
Finland	Joensuu	04:02:33	04:53:02	04:53:47	04:54:32	05:46:57	1:30	1:44	1.0149
Finland	Riihimäki	04:31:35 (sunrise)	04:53:11	04:53:50	04:54:29	05:45:55	1:18	1:14	1.0086
Russia	Belushya Guba	05:05:48	06:01:07	06:01:32	06:01:57	06:59:12	0:50	1:53	1.0022
Russia	Chersky	13:45:28	14:51:05	14:52:20	14:53:35	15:57:31	2:30	2:12	1.0163
References:[1]

Solar Eclipse of July 22, 1990
(Local Times)

Country or territory	City or place	Start of partial eclipse	Maximum eclipse	End of partial eclipse	Duration of eclipse (hr:min)	Maximum coverage
Azerbaijan	Baku	06:28:36 (sunrise)	06:31:44	07:07:15	0:39	29.69%
Kazakhstan	Astana	07:42:36	08:32:53	09:26:36	1:44	40.77%
Kazakhstan	Oral	05:44:25 (sunrise)	06:33:45	07:26:07	1:42	58.50%
Russia	Moscow	05:16:14 (sunrise)	05:43:12	06:35:54	1:20	82.39%
Ukraine	Luhansk	04:43:50 (sunrise)	04:47:37	05:25:15	0:41	53.40%
Estonia	Kohtla-Järve	04:32:59 (sunrise)	04:51:22	05:43:33	1:11	98.74%
Belarus	Vitebsk	04:49:13 (sunrise)	04:53:56	05:37:24	0:48	77.45%
Ukraine	Kharkiv	04:50:22 (sunrise)	04:54:19	05:28:25	0:38	51.19%
Latvia	Gulbene	04:50:53 (sunrise)	04:56:03	05:41:01	0:50	84.11%
Sweden	Sundsvall	03:45:19 (sunrise)	03:58:54	04:50:11	1:05	93.32%
Sweden	Umeå	03:16:36 (sunrise)	03:58:56	04:50:53	1:34	93.48%
Finland	Kemi	04:07:59	04:59:14	05:52:07	1:44	93.85%
Finland	Rovaniemi	04:08:09	04:59:41	05:52:52	1:45	93.55%
Åland Islands	Mariehamn	04:56:29 (sunrise)	05:02:31	05:46:45	0:50	84.28%
Sweden	Kiruna	03:12:01	04:03:09	04:55:43	1:44	88.05%
Norway	Tromsø	03:14:15	04:05:34	04:58:13	1:44	85.11%
Latvia	Riga	05:02:58 (sunrise)	05:10:55	05:41:42	0:39	51.21%
Belarus	Minsk	05:06:51 (sunrise)	05:11:20	05:36:49	0:30	38.56%
Sweden	Stockholm	04:10:14 (sunrise)	04:16:01	04:46:37	0:36	51.46%
Lithuania	Vilnius	05:11:45 (sunrise)	05:16:22	05:38:38	0:27	32.31%
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	Longyearbyen	03:23:48	04:16:27	05:09:56	1:46	75.90%
Greenland	Danmarkshavn	23:35:13[a]	00:24:54	01:14:57	1:40	64.09%
Greenland	Pituffik[b]	21:54:24	22:42:48	23:30:52		53.41%
United States	Anchorage[b]	18:26:24	19:23:55	20:18:42	1:52	70.79%
Canada	Calgary[b]	20:44:24	21:31:43	21:38:13 (sunset)	0:54	56.15%
United States	Adak[b]	17:27:22	18:34:36	19:37:06	2:10	97.66%
United States	Unalaska[b]	18:31:07	19:34:47	20:34:19	2:03	93.60%
Canada	Vancouver[b]	19:49:02	20:38:22	21:06:57 (sunset)	1:18	61.45%
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Midway Atoll[b]	16:17:41	17:18:10	18:13:08	1:55	50.36%
United States	Honolulu[b]	17:34:37	18:28:46	19:14:54 (sunset)	1:40	62.12%
References:[1]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.^[6]

This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.

Eclipse season of July–August 1990

July 22 Descending node (new moon)	August 6 Ascending node (full moon)
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 126	Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 138

• An annular solar eclipse on January 26.
• A total lunar eclipse on February 9.
• A total solar eclipse on July 22.
• A partial lunar eclipse on August 6.

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of October 3, 1986
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of May 10, 1994

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of June 11, 1983
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of September 2, 1997

• Preceded by:Lunar eclipse of July 17, 1981
• Followed by:Lunar eclipse of July 28, 1999

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of August 22, 1979
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of June 21, 2001

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of July 10, 1972
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of August 1, 2008

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of August 11, 1961
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of July 2, 2019

• Preceded by:Solar eclipse of September 21, 1903
• Followed by:Solar eclipse of May 22, 2077

This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.^[7]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1990 to 1992
Ascending node				Descending node
Saros	Map	Gamma		Saros	Map	Gamma
121	January 26, 1990 Annular	−0.9457		126 Partial inFinland	July 22, 1990 Total	0.7597
131	January 15, 1991 Annular	−0.2727		136 Totality inPlayas del Coco, Costa Rica	July 11, 1991 Total	−0.0041
141	January 4, 1992 Annular	0.4091		146	June 30, 1992 Total	−0.7512
151	December 24, 1992 Partial	1.0711

This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 126, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on March 10, 1179. It contains annular eclipses from June 4, 1323 through April 4, 1810; hybrid eclipses from April 14, 1828 through May 6, 1864; and total eclipses fromMay 17, 1882 throughAugust 23, 2044. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on May 3, 2459. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 11 at 6 minutes, 30 seconds on June 26, 1359, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 45 at 2 minutes, 36 seconds onJuly 10, 1972. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit.^[8]

Series members 36–57 occur between 1801 and 2200:
36	37	38
April 4, 1810	April 14, 1828	April 25, 1846
39	40	41
May 6, 1864	May 17, 1882	May 28, 1900
42	43	44
June 8, 1918	June 19, 1936	June 30, 1954
45	46	47
July 10, 1972	July 22, 1990	August 1, 2008
48	49	50
August 12, 2026	August 23, 2044	September 3, 2062
51	52	53
September 13, 2080	September 25, 2098	October 6, 2116
54	55	56
October 17, 2134	October 28, 2152	November 8, 2170
57
November 18, 2188

Themetonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22	May 9–11	February 26–27	December 14–15	October 2–3
116	118	120	122	124
July 22, 1971	May 11, 1975	February 26, 1979	December 15, 1982	October 3, 1986
126	128	130	132	134
July 22, 1990	May 10, 1994	February 26, 1998	December 14, 2001	October 3, 2005
136	138	140	142	144
July 22, 2009	May 10, 2013	February 26, 2017	December 14, 2020	October 2, 2024
146	148	150	152	154
July 22, 2028	May 9, 2032	February 27, 2036	December 15, 2039	October 3, 2043
156
July 22, 2047

This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
January 1, 1805 (Saros 109)		October 31, 1826 (Saros 111)		August 28, 1848 (Saros 113)
July 29, 1859 (Saros 114)	June 28, 1870 (Saros 115)	May 27, 1881 (Saros 116)	April 26, 1892 (Saros 117)	March 29, 1903 (Saros 118)
February 25, 1914 (Saros 119)	January 24, 1925 (Saros 120)	December 25, 1935 (Saros 121)	November 23, 1946 (Saros 122)	October 23, 1957 (Saros 123)
September 22, 1968 (Saros 124)	August 22, 1979 (Saros 125)	July 22, 1990 (Saros 126)	June 21, 2001 (Saros 127)	May 20, 2012 (Saros 128)
April 20, 2023 (Saros 129)	March 20, 2034 (Saros 130)	February 16, 2045 (Saros 131)	January 16, 2056 (Saros 132)	December 17, 2066 (Saros 133)
November 15, 2077 (Saros 134)	October 14, 2088 (Saros 135)	September 14, 2099 (Saros 136)	August 15, 2110 (Saros 137)	July 14, 2121 (Saros 138)
June 13, 2132 (Saros 139)	May 14, 2143 (Saros 140)	April 12, 2154 (Saros 141)	March 12, 2165 (Saros 142)	February 10, 2176 (Saros 143)
January 9, 2187 (Saros 144)	December 9, 2197 (Saros 145)

This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
November 19, 1816 (Saros 120)	October 30, 1845 (Saros 121)	October 10, 1874 (Saros 122)
September 21, 1903 (Saros 123)	August 31, 1932 (Saros 124)	August 11, 1961 (Saros 125)
July 22, 1990 (Saros 126)	July 2, 2019 (Saros 127)	June 11, 2048 (Saros 128)
May 22, 2077 (Saros 129)	May 3, 2106 (Saros 130)	April 13, 2135 (Saros 131)
March 23, 2164 (Saros 132)	March 3, 2193 (Saros 133)

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions byFred Espenak,NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements

Photos:

• Prof. Druckmüller's eclipse photography site
• Druckmüller in Chukotka, Soviet Union
• in Russia
• in Russia (2)Archived 2009-08-09 at theWayback Machine
• Russian scientist had no successful observation of the eclipse

• Total solar eclipses
• 1990 in science
• 20th-century solar eclipses
• July 1990 in Europe
• 1990 in the Soviet Union
• 1990 in Finland
• July 1990 in North America

• CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
• Webarchive template wayback links