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Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024

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Total eclipse over North America
"2024 solar eclipse" redirects here. For the October eclipse, seeSolar eclipse of October 2, 2024.

Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
Total eclipse
The solar eclipse during totality, seen fromDallas, Texas
Map
Gamma0.3431
Magnitude1.0566
Maximum eclipse
Duration268 s (4 min 28 s)
LocationNazas,Durango,Mexico
Coordinates25°18′N104°06′W / 25.3°N 104.1°W /25.3; -104.1
Max. width of band198 km (123 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin15:42:07
(U1) Total begin16:38:44
Greatest eclipse18:18:29
(U4) Total end19:55:29
(P4) Partial end20:52:14
References
Saros139 (30 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9561

Thesolar eclipse of April 8, 2024, also known as theGreat North American Eclipse,[1][2] was atotal solar eclipse visible across a band covering parts ofNorth America, fromMexico toCanada and crossing thecontiguous United States. Asolar eclipse occurs when theMoon passes betweenEarth and theSun, thereby obscuring the Sun. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon'sapparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, which blocks all direct sunlight and allows some of the Sun'scorona andsolar prominences to be seen.Totality occurs only in a limited path across Earth's surface, with thepartial solar eclipse visible over a larger surrounding region.

During this eclipse, theMoon's apparent diameter was 5.5 percent larger than average due to occurring about a day afterperigee. With amagnitude of 1.0566, the eclipse's longest duration of totality was 4 minutes and 28 seconds near the Mexican town ofNazas, Durango.[3][4]

This particular eclipse occurred at the Moon'sascending node of orbit. Totality was visible from 6 Mexican states, 15 U.S. states, and 6 Canadian provinces.[5] Approximately 44 million people lived in the path of totality, including 32 million in the United States, 6 million in Canada, and 6 million in Mexico.[6][7][8] The 10 largest cities in the path of totality accounted for a third of this population (5 of the 10 largest cities being in the United States, 3 in Mexico, and 2 in Canada).[9] Adding people who travelled to the path of totality, an estimated 50 million people experienced the total solar eclipse.[9] Meanwhile, about 652 million people experienced a partial solar eclipse.[6]

This eclipse was the first total solar eclipse visible from Canada sinceAugust 1, 2008, and from the provinces sinceFebruary 26, 1979.[10][11] It was the first over Mexico sinceJuly 11, 1991.[12] It was also the first over theUnited States sinceAugust 21, 2017. This is the only solar eclipse in the 21st century with totality visible from all three countries.[13] The next total solar eclipse in the US will be onMarch 30, 2033, which will pass overAlaska. The next total eclipse in thecontiguous United States of the US will be onAugust 23, 2044. The next total eclipse of similar width will take place onAugust 12, 2045, which will traverse coast-to-coast in a trajectory similar to the 2017 eclipse.

General path of shadow

[edit]
Animation of the eclipse path (including the path of totality)

Thetotality of the solar eclipse was visible in a strip beginning in thePacific Ocean, the edge of which passed approximately 60 kilometers north ofPenrhyn atoll,[14] 115 kilometers south ofStarbuck Island, 275 kilometers north ofVostok Island, and 370 kilometers north of theMarquesas Islands. Later, the total solar eclipse was visible fromNorth America, starting from the west coast of Mexico then ascending in a northeasterly direction through Mexico, the United States, and Canada, before ending in the Atlantic Ocean about 700 kilometers southwest of Ireland.[15]

Visibility in the Americas

[edit]

Mexico

[edit]
Ten-minutetime lapse video of the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, inMazatlán,Sinaloa.

Totality first passed over theRevillagigedo Islands (a federal possession of Mexico and associated withColima state) andIslas Marías ofNayarit. Upon reaching the continental mainland, totality passed through the states ofSinaloa (includingMazatlán), northern Nayarit,Durango (including thecity of Durango andGómez Palacio), extreme southeastChihuahua, andCoahuila (includingTorreón,Matamoros,Monclova,Sabinas,Ciudad Acuña, andPiedras Negras).[16][17][18]A partial eclipse was visible across the remainder of the country, including 79% coverage of the solar disc inMexico City.[19] Torreón was the most populous Mexican city in the path of totality.

United States

[edit]
Solar eclipse progression as seen over theTerminal Tower inCleveland,Ohio
Solar eclipse seen from the roof of the Joint Force Headquarters building in Lincoln, Nebraska, April 8, 2024.

In the United States, totality was visible through the states ofTexas (including parts ofSan Antonio,Austin,Fort Worth, and all ofArlington,Dallas,Killeen,Temple,Texarkana,Tyler,Sulphur Springs, and Waco); Oklahoma (includingIdabel andBroken Bow); Arkansas (includingMorrilton/Petit Jean,Hot Springs,Searcy,Jonesboro, andLittle Rock); Missouri (includingCape Girardeau andPoplar Bluff); Tennessee (extreme northwestern corner ofLake County); Illinois (includingCarbondale, where it intersected the path of the2017 eclipse); Kentucky; Indiana (includingBloomington,Evansville,Indianapolis,Anderson,Muncie,Terre Haute, andVincennes); Ohio (includingAkron,Cleveland,Dayton,Lima,Lorain,Toledo, andWarren); Michigan (extreme southeastern corner ofMonroe County); Pennsylvania (includingErie);Upstate New York (includingBuffalo,Niagara Falls,Rochester,Syracuse,Watertown, theAdirondacks,Potsdam, andPlattsburgh); northern Vermont (includingBurlington); New Hampshire; and Maine;[20][21] with the line of totality going almost directly over the state's highest pointMount Katahdin. The largest city that was entirely in the path was Dallas, Texas.[22] It was the second total eclipse visible from the central United States in just seven years, after theeclipse of August 21, 2017. It was the last total solar eclipse visible in the contiguous United Statesuntil August 23, 2044.[23]

A partial solar eclipse was visible in all of the other parts of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, andsoutheast Alaska (Alaska Panhandle).[24]

Delta Air Lines scheduled two special eclipse-following flights: one from Austin to Detroit on a large-windowA220-300, and one from Dallas to Detroit.[25] Various other flights in the path of totality also avoided cloud cover entirely.[26]

Canada

[edit]
Video of total eclipse inSaint-Georges, Quebec, on 8 April 2024

In Canada, totality was visible through parts ofSouthern Ontario (includingLeamington,Fort Erie,[27]Hamilton,Niagara Falls,Kingston,Prince Edward County, andCornwall),[28] parts of southernQuebec (includingMontreal,Sherbrooke,Saint-Georges, andLac-Mégantic), centralNew Brunswick (includingFredericton,Woodstock andMiramichi),[29] westernPrince Edward Island (includingTignish andSummerside),[30][31] the northern tip ofCape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,[32] and centralNewfoundland (includingGander andGrand Falls-Windsor). Then, it ended on the easternAtlantic coast ofNewfoundland.[33] The most populous Canadian city that the path of totality intersected was Montreal.Windsor,London,Toronto, andOttawa lay just north of the path of totality, andMoncton just south of it.[34][35]

A partial solar eclipse was visible in all of the other parts ofCanada, except the western part ofYukon and the western tip of theNorthwest Territories.[36][37]

Boat cruises to observe the eclipse were conducted onLake Erie,Niagara River,Lake Ontario, andSaint Lawrence River.[38]

Central America and South America

[edit]

The partial eclipse was seen in all Central American countries, from Belize to Panama, all theGreater Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica), and northern South America (Colombia).[24]

Largest cities and recommended viewing sites

[edit]

Space.com identified the ten largest cities where totality was visible. In population order, they were:[9]

  1. Montreal, Quebec
  2. San Antonio, Texas
  3. Dallas, Texas
  4. Austin, Texas
  5. Fort Worth, Texas
  6. Indianapolis, Indiana
  7. Durango, Durango
  8. Hamilton, Ontario
  9. Torreón, Coahuila
  10. Mazatlán, Sinaloa

Astronomy magazine provided a list of 20 recommended viewing sites, based on factors such as proximity to the center line, population size, ease of access, and so on. They were ordered from west to east:[39]

Visibility in other continents

[edit]

Europe

[edit]

A partial eclipse passed overSvalbard (Norway), Iceland, Ireland, western parts of the United Kingdom, north-western parts of Spain and Portugal, theAzores, and theCanary Islands.[40] Cloud cover prevented views of it from most of the British Isles,[41][42] although it was seen in Western Scotland.[43] Unusually, this eclipse extended below the horizon, where the greatest phase was observed at mid-nautical twilight inGalicia (Spain) and the beginning of astronomical twilight inNouvelle-Aquitaine (France).[44] The extension of the eclipse path within the twilight zone created what was likely the best observation window for the12P/Pons–Brooks comet located closely toJupiter.[45]

Oceania

[edit]

The partial eclipse was seen in Hawaii, easternKiribati (the easternPhoenix Islands and the wholeLine Islands),Tokelau,American Samoa except for its extreme western part, theCook Islands,French Polynesia, and thePitcairn Islands. Although all located east of the180th meridian, the local time of the eclipse in Kiribati and Tokelau was Tuesday, April 9, 2024, because eitherUTC+13 orUTC+14 is observed in these areas.[46][47][48]

Total eclipse timing

[edit]
Solar Eclipse of April 8, 2024
(Local Times)
Country or territoryCity or placeStart of partial eclipseStart of total eclipseMaximum eclipseEnd of total eclipseEnd of partial eclipseDuration of totality (min:s)Duration of eclipse (hr:min)Maximum magnitude
MexicoMazatlán09:51:2011:07:2411:09:3311:11:4312:32:094:192:411.0217
MexicoDurango10:55:1112:12:0612:14:0012:15:5413:36:423:482:421.0136
USAustin12:17:1013:36:0813:37:0113:37:5514:58:091:472:411.0027
USWaco12:20:2713:38:0013:40:0713:42:1315:00:444:132:401.02
USFort Worth12:22:2613:40:2613:41:4313:43:0015:01:502:342:391.0056
USArlington12:22:4413:40:2313:42:0313:43:4415:02:103:212:391.0103
USIrving12:23:0913:40:4713:42:2813:44:0915:02:313:222:391.0104
USDallas12:23:1513:40:4213:42:3813:44:3415:02:433:522:391.0152
USGarland12:23:4413:41:1013:43:0613:45:0215:03:073:522:391.0152
USPlano12:23:5013:41:2413:43:1013:44:5615:03:083:322:391.0118
USLittle Rock12:33:2913:51:3613:52:5013:54:0415:11:352:282:381.0054
USSikeston12:41:0613:58:0213:59:4814:01:3415:17:083:322:361.0129
USEvansville12:45:5214:02:3814:04:0914:05:4015:20:333:022:351.0092
USIndianapolis13:50:3115:06:0315:07:5815:09:5316:23:143:502:331.019
USDayton13:53:2915:09:2815:10:5015:12:1216:25:372:442:321.0075
USRiverside13:53:3715:09:3715:10:5715:12:1716:25:422:402:321.0072
USToledo13:56:5315:12:2315:13:1615:14:1016:27:011:472:301.0032
USAkron13:59:0715:14:1315:15:3815:17:0216:29:072:492:301.0085
USCleveland13:59:2015:13:4515:15:4015:17:3516:29:013:502:301.0225
USErie14:02:2315:16:2215:18:1415:20:0516:30:523:432:281.0202
CanadaHamilton14:03:5215:18:1215:19:0715:20:0216:31:121:502:271.0036
CanadaBurlington14:04:0215:18:3015:19:1415:19:5816:31:161:282:271.0024
CanadaOakville14:04:2015:19:1815:19:2815:19:3916:31:240:212:271.0004
USBuffalo14:04:5415:18:2015:20:1315:22:0616:32:113:462:271.0254
USRochester14:06:5815:20:0815:21:5815:23:4716:33:273:392:261.0213
CanadaKingston14:09:3015:22:1515:23:4715:25:1916:34:303:042:251.0121
CanadaMontreal14:14:2615:26:4915:27:3315:28:1716:36:531:282:221.0026
CanadaLongueuil14:14:3415:26:5215:27:3915:28:2616:36:581:342:221.003
USMontpelier14:14:5715:27:3815:28:2715:29:1516:37:551:372:231.0031
CanadaSherbrooke14:16:3615:27:4215:29:2515:31:0816:38:173:262:221.0203
References:[1]

Characteristics

[edit]

Magnitude

[edit]
TOP: Solar prominences as seen fromThird Connecticut Lake, New Hampshire - MIDDLE: Solar activity 08 April 2024 imaged by NASASolar Dynamics Observatory AIA 304 telescope. Features seen here on the edge of the solar disk correspond to the prominences seen by earthbound observers during the eclipse totality. The large, bright, tent-shaped prominence reported by eclipse gazers appears here as detailed filaments around the 4:30 o'clock position. - BOTTOM:National Solar ObservatoryGONG telescope movie of solar activity inH-Alpha for the day of the April 8, 2024 eclipse, showing how prominences hardly changed during the eclipse.

Themagnitude of an eclipse, or the ratio of theangular diameter of the Moon to the angular diameter of the Sun, must be one or greater for a total eclipse to occur. The Moon was nearperigee (the closest point in its orbit to Earth) during this eclipse. Occurring only about 24 hours afterperigee (on April 7, 2024, at 18:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[49] The Sun had an angular diameter of 31'56" at the moment of greatest eclipse. As the magnitude of this eclipse at that time was 1.0566, the angular diameter of the Moon was 1.0566 times that of the Sun, or 33'44". This gave the eclipse a wider path of totality and more maximum time in totality (4 min 28 s) compared to thetotal eclipse in 2017 (2 min 40 s), which had a magnitude of 1.0306.

Solar prominences

[edit]

The eclipse occurred around thesolar maximum, a period of greatest solar activity in the Sun's 11-yearsolar cycle, and it was anticipated thatsolar prominences would be visible during totality.[50] Many observers reported seeing solar prominences during the event.[51][52][53] Most plainly visible to the naked eye was a very bright red point of light near the lowest portion of the Sun's disk, which on telescopic views and photographs showed as a tent-shaped angular structure. The red and pink hues were the result of hydrogen and helium plasma being thrown up in broad arcs but never leaving the sun's atmosphere.[54][55] Telescopic photographs revealed the western limb having several smaller, irregular shapes, of which one large, ragged shape appeared disconnected from the Sun's surface on one side. Several smaller prominences were also visible on the eastern limb, though because of the eclipse's relatively high magnitude, prominences on both limbs could not be viewed at the same time. These shapes correlate in detail with the NASASolar Dynamics Observatorysolar telescope images taken in space at the same as the earthbound eclipse, and with images from the ground-basedNational Solar ObservatoryGONG telescope inCerro Tololo, Chile.

Shadow bands

[edit]

Theshadow bands phenomenon was observed and documented in some locations with clear skies. Attempts to observe and record shadow bands on the ground were disappointed in many areas of totality by the phenomenon not appearing in the event, perhaps having been washed out by the diffuse illumination of cloudy skies in various locations.[56][57]

Eclipse path intersections

[edit]

The path of the April 8, 2024, eclipse crossed the path of the previous American totalsolar eclipse of August 21, 2017, with the intersection of the two paths being insouthern Illinois, inMakanda, just south ofCarbondale.[58]

The path of the April 8 eclipse also crossed the path of the annular solar eclipse that occurred less than 6 months prior, onOctober 14, 2023, intersecting in the vicinity ofSan Antonio, Texas.[59]

Impact

[edit]

Economy and tourism

[edit]
Crowd of eclipse viewers during totality overKingston, Ontario

It was projected before the eclipse that there could be a $6 billion boost to the US economy due to the eclipse. The Mayor ofRochester, New York,Malik Evans, told reporters that the city was expected to bring in between $10–12 million to the city's economy from the Friday before the eclipse to the day of it.[60][61] However, the day was cloudy. On April 12 New York GovernorKathy Hochul announced record breaking tourism numbers between April 6 and 9, which was a 45% increase compared to 2023, with nearly one million visitors to New York State parks and over 5.5 million toll transactions recorded.[62]

One company that tracksAirbnb data likened the economic impact of the event tohaving Taylor Swift's concerts taking place simultaneously in every city along the eclipse's path. In the United States, the prices ofmotels andhotels near the path of totality increased up to 100 percent on April 7 and April 8.Montreal saw a 20% surge in hotel occupancy for April 7 and April 8.[63][64][65]

The eclipse caused a drop in solar power generation, with Texas experiencing a decrease from 12,000 MW to just over 3,000 MW at 2 p.m. Wind power generation also decreased by about 50% that day. However, there were no disruptions in power distribution as supply exceeded demand.[66]

AtYankee Stadium, the Yankees gave away eclipse T-shirts to the first 15,000 fans at the game that day. The eclipse had pushed the start time back by four hours.[67]

Traffic

[edit]
Post-eclipse traffic in Wyoming after thesolar eclipse of August 21, 2017. Traffic planners learned from the 2017 eclipse, and efforts based on this experience might have helped ease congestion in some areas while others experienced severe and prolonged traffic jams.[68]

Highways in the area of totality saw significant increases in traffic, with departing tourists caught intraffic jams lasting up to eight hours.[69] Many of those trying to drive downInterstate 93 in New Hampshire, for example, found themselves in jams lasting until at least 2 a.m. the following morning, resulting in numerous cars breaking down.[70] Drivers and passengers spent four to six hours to pass throughFranconia Notch where Interstate 93 is reduced to a single lane in each direction. Major highways in the state remained crowded throughrush hour the following morning and into the afternoon.[71] A similar effect was seen during the following morning's rush hour in northbound Interstate 65 in Indianapolis.[72] In Vermont there were an estimated 60,000 additional cars and 248 inbound aircraft over the span of the eclipse weekend, with about 160,000 visitors coming into the state per Secretary of Transportation Joe Flynn.[73] Drivers in southern Illinois leaving the region of totality to the north toward St. Louis, Missouri faced more than 80 miles of stop-and-go heavy congestion.[74] Unlike other regions, traffic was lighter in Texas than the state's Department of Transportation had anticipated.[68]

Animal behavior

[edit]

Zookeepers, naturalists, university researchers, and citizen scientists positioned themselves to observe animal behavior during the eclipse, some with the goal of comparing results with observations made during the1932 and2017 total solar eclipses, and others opening new avenues of animal behavioral research. Wildlife and zoo animals were observed along the path of totality and in areas that saw only a partial eclipse.NASA worked with ARISA Lab, LLC, to recruit thousands of citizen scientists to help record sounds and observations of animal behavior during the eclipse. As of 16 April 2024[update], a total of 3,372 written observations had been submitted by citizen scientists, and 770 recording devices had been registered with the project to provide sound and ultrasound recordings of wildlife and other ambient sounds before, during, and after the eclipse in a standardized way.[75]

Wildlife

[edit]
Wildlife sometimes act in unusual ways during a total solar eclipse. ThisCooper's hawk took flight during totality of the April 8, 2024, total solar eclipse at Kinkaid Lake in theShawnee National Forest in Illinois.

Changes in wild animal behavior were recorded during the eclipse, especially among birds. These changes were similar to those observed during the 2017 eclipse, but more pronounced.[76]Weather radar was adapted to monitor the activity of flying animals, and birds were observed to decrease their daytime activities.[76] Radar imaging demonstrated "noticeable decreases in typical daytime biological activities such as the movements ofhawks and othersoaring and insect-eating birds."[76]Owls began hooting, andvultures and other birds began to roost.[77] A team fromPurdue University, observing a variety of ecosystems on wild-lands maintained by the university nearButlerville, Indiana, recorded the songs of 20 different species of birds going quiet, leaving only the songs of the robin and the tufted titmouse during the eclipse.[78] Birding students at theUniversity of Vermont observed species atLake Champlain during the eclipse that had not been observed there before, includingBohemian waxwings,red-tailed hawks, andpileated woodpeckers.[79]

Haikubox community science data from hundreds of locations found that at locations experiencing more than 99 percent obscurity, and in the absence of human vocalizations, birds generally stopped vocalizing, but that there was variability between locations and individual species responses.[80]

Insects andfrogs in the wild were also observed making their nighttime sounds.[77]Cicadas in Arizona stopped singing when the Sun was 50% blocked during their partial eclipse.[81]Spring peepers, a type of nocturnal frog, were heard intermittently by the Purdue team in rural Indiana while the eclipse was partial, but they abruptly filled the soundscape at the moment of totality.[78] Wildcricket frogs were observed in Fort Worth, Texas, behaving similarly.[82]

Zoo animals

[edit]

At theColumbus Zoo and Aquarium,ostriches returned to their barn and began their evening rituals, such as preening and grooming each other. When the sunlight returned, the ostriches left their barn and resumed their daytime activities.[83] A group ofelephants at the zoo gathered together and began thumping their trunks on the ground.[83] At theFort Worth Zoo in Texas,flamingos bunched together, vocalized, and began marching together, which is a bonding behavior.[81] A troop ofgorillas at that zoo also gathered at the door to their indoor enclosure, where they were normally fed each evening, and appeared to act confused and frustrated, as if having missed their evening meal.[84][81] TheFort Worth Botanic Garden (FWBG) placed hundreds ofbutterflies in theirconservatory March 1, allowed them to acclimate, and observed them during the eclipse. The butterflies "didn't roost but instead ceased flying and remained very still."[82]Goats at the FWBC were observed resting or sleeping during the eclipse.[82]Giraffes at theDallas Zoo also began to gallop, a behavior witnessed there and at many other zoos during the 2017 eclipse.[84] Twoaldabra tortoises at the same zoo were observed to rear on their hind legs and attack the door to their indoor enclosure, damaging the door's frame.[84]Lions at theBuffalo Zoo started roaring just before totality.[85]

Not all zoo animals reacted to the eclipse, nor did researchers expect them to. During the 2017 eclipse, researchers at theRiverbanks Zoo in South Carolina observed behavior changes in about 75% of species.[81][86] Adam Hartstone-Rose, a biology professor atNorth Carolina State University, hypothesized that the captive animals that did react may have been responding to the emotions of human zoo visitors.[84] Zoologists and volunteers atParc Safari, a zoo inHemmingford, Quebec, noted very little change in the animals they observed there, including giraffes, lions,hyenas,wolves,lynx,llamas,alpacas, anddromedaries. Hyenas vocalized during the eclipse, but there were other coinciding events that might have contributed to that behavior.[87] The zoo's director of zoology, Aurélien Berthelot, did not expect much activity from their mammals. For example, lions sleep up to eighteen hours per day. Some roared during the eclipse while others slept. Analyses of their observations are continuing.[87]

Responses

[edit]
NASA'sEarth Polychromatic Imaging Camera's satellite image of the solar eclipse over North America[88]

Arkansas GovernorSarah Huckabee Sanders preemptively declared astate of emergency related to the eclipse, citing the expected increase of travel to the state which could result in transportation difficulties, such as inFort Smith, where the police prepared for traffic congestion as hotels filled up.[89][90]Bell County, Texas Judge David Blackburn preemptively declared a state of emergency in February 2024 due to the projected number of visitors to the area.[91] The region surroundingNiagara Falls, Ontario, also declared a state of emergency; as an existing major tourist destination along the path of totality, it expected an influx of at least one million visitors on April 8.[92]

A lawsuit was filed on April 2 by six inmates of various religions atWoodbourne Correctional Facility inNew York against the state, stating that the decision to lock down the prison during the eclipse conflicted with their religious beliefs. The solar eclipseis important in various religions.[93] The state settled the lawsuit by allowing the six inmates to view the eclipse.[94]

Gallery

[edit]

Total

[edit]

Total with scenery

[edit]

Partial

[edit]

Composites

[edit]

Projections

[edit]

Eclipse details

[edit]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[95]

April 8, 2024 Solar Eclipse Times
EventTime (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact2024 April 8 at 15:43:23.3 UTC
First Umbral External Contact2024 April 8 at 16:40:00.7 UTC
First Central Line2024 April 8 at 16:41:09.4 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact2024 April 8 at 16:42:18.1 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact2024 April 8 at 17:46:09.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse2024 April 8 at 18:18:29.4 UTC
Greatest Duration2024 April 8 at 18:20:44.2 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction2024 April 8 at 18:22:00.8 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction2024 April 8 at 18:37:18.9 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact2024 April 8 at 18:50:23.9 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact2024 April 8 at 19:54:30.4 UTC
Last Central Line2024 April 8 at 19:55:38.1 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact2024 April 8 at 19:56:45.7 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact2024 April 8 at 20:53:30.4 UTC
April 8, 2024 Solar Eclipse Parameters
ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.05656
Eclipse Obscuration1.11631
Gamma0.34314
Sun Right Ascension01h11m36.9s
Sun Declination+07°35'29.4"
Sun Semi-Diameter15'58.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.8"
Moon Right Ascension01h10m57.5s
Moon Declination+07°53'55.5"
Moon Semi-Diameter16'36.3"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax1°00'56.6"
ΔT71.5 s

Eclipse season

[edit]
See also:Eclipse cycle

This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.

Eclipse season of March–April 2024
March 25
Descending node (full moon)
April 8
Ascending node (new moon)
Penumbral lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 113		Total solar eclipse
Solar Saros 139

Related eclipses

[edit]

Eclipses in 2024

[edit]

Metonic

[edit]

Tzolkinex

[edit]

Half-Saros

[edit]

Tritos

[edit]

Solar Saros 139

[edit]

Inex

[edit]

Triad

[edit]

Solar eclipses of 2022–2025

[edit]
Solar eclipse series sets from 2022 to 2025
Ascending node Descending node
SarosMapGammaSarosMapGamma
119

Partial inCTIO,Chile		April 30, 2022

Partial		−1.19008124

Partial fromSaratov,Russia		October 25, 2022

Partial		1.07014
129

Partial inMagetan,Indonesia		April 20, 2023

Hybrid		−0.39515134

Annularity inHobbs, NM, USA		October 14, 2023

Annular		0.37534
139

Totality inDallas, TX, USA		April 8, 2024

Total		0.34314144

Annularity inSanta Cruz Province, Argentina		October 2, 2024

Annular		−0.35087
149

Partial fromHalifax,Canada		March 29, 2025

Partial		1.04053154September 21, 2025

Partial		−1.06509

Saros 139

[edit]

This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds onJuly 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[96] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sascending node of orbit.[97]

Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200:
181920

November 29, 1807
December 9, 1825
December 21, 1843
212223

December 31, 1861
January 11, 1880
January 22, 1898
242526

February 3, 1916
February 14, 1934
February 25, 1952
272829

March 7, 1970
March 18, 1988
March 29, 2006
303132

April 8, 2024
April 20, 2042
April 30, 2060
333435

May 11, 2078
May 22, 2096
June 3, 2114
363738

June 13, 2132
June 25, 2150
July 5, 2168
39

July 16, 2186

Metonic series

[edit]

Themetonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

21 eclipse events between June 21, 1982 and June 21, 2058
June 21April 8–9January 26November 13–14September 1–2
117119121123125

June 21, 1982
April 9, 1986
January 26, 1990
November 13, 1993
September 2, 1997
127129131133135

June 21, 2001
April 8, 2005
January 26, 2009
November 13, 2012
September 1, 2016
137139141143145

June 21, 2020
April 8, 2024
January 26, 2028
November 14, 2031
September 2, 2035
147149151153155

June 21, 2039
April 9, 2043
January 26, 2047
November 14, 2050
September 2, 2054
157

June 21, 2058

Tritos series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

December 21, 1805
(Saros 119)
November 19, 1816
(Saros 120)
October 20, 1827
(Saros 121)
September 18, 1838
(Saros 122)
August 18, 1849
(Saros 123)

July 18, 1860
(Saros 124)
June 18, 1871
(Saros 125)
May 17, 1882
(Saros 126)
April 16, 1893
(Saros 127)
March 17, 1904
(Saros 128)

February 14, 1915
(Saros 129)
January 14, 1926
(Saros 130)
December 13, 1936
(Saros 131)
November 12, 1947
(Saros 132)
October 12, 1958
(Saros 133)

September 11, 1969
(Saros 134)
August 10, 1980
(Saros 135)
July 11, 1991
(Saros 136)
June 10, 2002
(Saros 137)
May 10, 2013
(Saros 138)

April 8, 2024
(Saros 139)
March 9, 2035
(Saros 140)
February 5, 2046
(Saros 141)
January 5, 2057
(Saros 142)
December 6, 2067
(Saros 143)

November 4, 2078
(Saros 144)
October 4, 2089
(Saros 145)
September 4, 2100
(Saros 146)
August 4, 2111
(Saros 147)
July 4, 2122
(Saros 148)

June 3, 2133
(Saros 149)
May 3, 2144
(Saros 150)
April 2, 2155
(Saros 151)
March 2, 2166
(Saros 152)
January 29, 2177
(Saros 153)

December 29, 2187
(Saros 154)
November 28, 2198
(Saros 155)

Inex series

[edit]

This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200

August 27, 1821
(Saros 132)
August 7, 1850
(Saros 133)
July 19, 1879
(Saros 134)

June 28, 1908
(Saros 135)
June 8, 1937
(Saros 136)
May 20, 1966
(Saros 137)

April 29, 1995
(Saros 138)
April 8, 2024
(Saros 139)
March 20, 2053
(Saros 140)

February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
February 8, 2111
(Saros 142)
January 20, 2140
(Saros 143)

December 29, 2168
(Saros 144)
December 9, 2197
(Saros 145)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^
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External links

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Features
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