Movatterモバイル変換

Solano language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Extinct Native American language

Solano
Olelato
Native to	NortheastMexico
Region	nearMission San Francisco Solano
Ethnicity	Solano people
Extinct	18th century
Language family	unclassified (language isolate?)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`xso`
Linguist List	`xso`
Glottolog	`sanf1266`
Pre-contact distribution of Solano language

Solano is anunclassified extinct language formerly spoken in northeastMexico and perhaps also in the neighboringU.S. state ofTexas. It is a possiblelanguage isolate.^[1]

Background

[edit]

Solano is known only from a 21-word vocabulary list that appears at the end of a 1703–1708 baptism book from theSan Francisco Solano Mission,^[2] which hosted at least four different peoples, including theXarame,Payuguan,Papanac, andSiaguan.^[3] Supposedly the language is of the Indians of this mission – perhaps theTerocodame band cluster. The Solano peoples are associated with the 18th-century missions nearEagle Pass, Texas.

Word list

[edit]

The 21 known Solano words, as reproduced in Swanton (1940), are:^[4]

Solano	English
aapag	yes
apam	water
genin, genint	three
hikomeya, hycomeya	is she your sister?
hipayō, hypayô	to wish; Spanish:quiere (?)
kainika, cainica	tortilla
krisen, crisen; krigen, crigen	bad
nabaog	I am hungry
naha	mother
namō	eat it
nikaog, nicaog	meat
no	fur
paam	there is none
papam	father
saath	four
sieh	give me
sihik, sihic	tobacco
sopaam	sister
soyā	brother
tciene, chiene	salt
taapam	there are

Lexical comparison

[edit]

Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024). There are no obvious cognates with other neighboring languages.^[3]

language	father	four	meat	mother	three	water
Solano	papam	saath	nikaog	naha	genin	apam
Lipan Apache^[5]	-ʔaaší	dínínɁí	-cinin	-Ɂ-nándí	káíɁí	kó
Coahuilteco^[6]	-xana·y	puwa·nc̉an	aha·wh	-ta·y	axtikpil	wan
Comecrudo^[7]	mawiʹs	nawuiʹ	eweʹ, kai	maʹt, te	̉yiʹy	aʹx̣
Tonkawa^[8]	ʔewas, ta·taʔ	sikit	ʔawas	xʔay, ʔesaʔ	metis	ʔa·x
Proto-Uto-Aztecan^[9]	na, ta(ta), *ʔok	*mako’	tuhku, waʔi	ye, nan	*pahi	*pa

Bibliography

[edit]

Campbell, Lyle. (1997).American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996).Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution.ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present).Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1–3, 16, 18–20 not yet published).

References

[edit]

^Campbell, Lyle (3 October 2017).Language Isolates. Routledge.ISBN 978-1-317-61091-5.
^Association, Texas State Historical (2019-02-12)."San Francisco Solano Mission".Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved2024-01-30.
^^a ^bZamponi, Raoul (2024). "Unclassified languages".The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America. De Gruyter. pp. 1627–1648.doi:10.1515/9783110712742-061.ISBN 978-3-11-071274-2.
^Swanton, John R. 1940. "Words from a dialect spoken near the mission of San Francisco Solano, below Eagle Pass on the Rio Grande".Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 54-55.
^Hoijer, Harry. 1956. "The chronology of the Athapaskan languages".International Journal of American Linguistics 22. 219–232.
^Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.),Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
^Swanton, John R. 1940.Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.
^Hoijer, Harry; Thomas R. Wier (editor). 2018.Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
^Miller, Wick R. 1967.Uto-Aztecan cognate sets. (University of California Publications in Linguistics 48). Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California.

Indigenous language families and isolates ofNorth America

Language families
and isolates

Eskaleut

Aleut
Eskimoan

Na-Dene

Algic

Mosan ?

Macro-Siouan ?

Penutian ?

Yok-Utian ?	Yokuts Utian
Coast Oregon ?	†Alsea †Siuslaw †Coosan
Takelma–Kalapuyan ?	†Takelma †Kalapuyan

Hokan ?

Pueblo
linguistic area

Coahuiltecan
linguistic area

Gulf ?

Calusa–Tunica ?	†Calusa †Tunica

Mesoamerican
linguistic area

Mesoamerican sprachbund	Mayan Mixe–Zoque Oto-Manguean Tequistlatecan Totonacan Uto-Aztecan †Xincan †Chumbia ? †Chontal ? †Cuitlatec Huave †Otomi of Jalisco ? Purépecha †Zapotec of Jalisco ?

Caribbean
linguistic area

Arawakan
Cariban

Pre-Arawakan	†Ciguayo †Guanahatabey †Macorix

Proposed groupings

Lists

† indicates an extinct language,italics indicates independent status of a language,bold indicates that a language family has at least 10 members

v t e Native American tribes in Texas
Federally recognized tribes	Alabama–Coushatta Kickapoo Traditional Tribe Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
Other consulted tribes	Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Caddo Nation of Oklahoma Cherokee Nation Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Comanche Nation Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana Delaware Nation
Indigenous languages	Araname^† Atacapan^† Borrado^† Caddo^† Coahuiltecan^† Cotoname^† Garzan^† Pakawan^† Solano^† Tamaulipecan^† Tanpachoan^† Tiwa Tonkawan^† Wichita^†
Historical Indigenous peoples of Texas (Several are in Oklahoma today)	Adai^≠ Anxau^≠ Apache (Lipan Apache^°,Querecho^><) Aranama^≠ Atakapa^≠ (Akokna,Akokisa,Bidai,Deadose) Caddo^* (Eyeish,Hasinai,Hainai,Kadohadacho,Nabedache,Nabiti,Nacogdoche,Nacono,Nadaco,Nanatsoho,Lower Nasoni,Neche,Nechaui) Cherokee, Texas^°* Coahuiltecan^≠ (Ervipiame,Pajalat,Payaya,Sijame,Xarames) Comanche^* Kiowa^* Decose^≠ Emet^≠ Jumanos^≠ Karankawa^≠ (Copano^≠) Kohani^≠ Mayeye^≠ Pachal^≠ Pacoa^≠ Paguame^≠ Pampopa^≠ Papanac^≠ Pastia^≠ Pasxa^≠ Patiri^≠ Pulacuam^≠ Sana^≠ Saracuam^≠ Semonam^≠ Tamique^≠ Teyas^° Tilijae Tomoacas Tonkawa^* Wichita and Affiliated Tribes^* (Kichai,Taovaya,Tawakoni,Waco,Wichita proper) Yojuane^≠
Related topics	Sam Houston and Native American relations
^† extinct language /^≠ extinct tribe /^>< early,obsolete name of Indigenous tribe /^° people absorbed into other tribe(s) /^* headquartered in Oklahoma today

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solano_language&oldid=1308339980"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

Movatterモバイル変換

Background

Word list

Lexical comparison

See also

Bibliography

References