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Soissons

Coordinates:49°22′54″N3°19′25″E / 49.3817°N 3.3236°E /49.3817; 3.3236
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Subprefecture and commune in Hauts-de-France, France
For the rump state of the Roman Empire, seeKingdom of Soissons.
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Subprefecture in Hauts-de-France, France
Soissons
Subprefecture
City hall
City hall
Coat of arms of Soissons
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Soissons
Soissons is located in France
Soissons
Soissons
Show map of France
Soissons is located in Hauts-de-France
Soissons
Soissons
Show map of Hauts-de-France
Coordinates:49°22′54″N3°19′25″E / 49.3817°N 3.3236°E /49.3817; 3.3236
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
DepartmentAisne
ArrondissementSoissons
CantonSoissons-1 and2
IntercommunalityGrandSoissons Agglomération
Government
 • Mayor(2020–2026)Alain Crémont[1]
Area
1
12.32 km2 (4.76 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
28,667
 • Density2,327/km2 (6,027/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
02722 /02200
Elevation38–130 m (125–427 ft)
(avg. 55 m or 180 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Soissons (French pronunciation:[swasɔ̃]ⓘ) is acommune in the northern Frenchdepartment ofAisne, in theregion ofHauts-de-France. Located on the riverAisne, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast ofParis, it is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of theSuessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholicdiocese, whose establishment dates from about 300, and it was the location of a number ofchurchsynods called "Council of Soissons".

History

[edit]

Soissons enterswritten history under itsCeltic name, later borrowed intoLatin,Noviodunum, meaning "new hillfort", which was the capital of theSuessiones. AtRoman contact, it was a town of theSuessiones, mentioned byJulius Caesar (B. G. ii. 12). Caesar (B.C. 57), after leaving the Axona (modernAisne), entered the territory of the Suessiones, and making one day's long march, reached Noviodunum, which was surrounded by a high wall and a broad ditch. The place surrendered to Caesar.

From 457 to 486, underAegidius and his sonSyagrius, Noviodunum was the capital of theKingdom of Soissons,[3] until it fell to theFrankish kingClovis I in 486 after theBattle of Soissons.

Part of the Frankish territory ofNeustria, the Soissons region, and theAbbey of Saint-Médard, founded in the sixth century, played an important political part during the rule of theMerovingian dynasty (447–751). After the death ofClovis I in 511, Soissons was made the capital of one of the four kingdoms into which his states were divided. Eventually, the kingdom of Soissons disappeared in 613 when the Frankish lands were amalgamated underChlothar II.

The744 Council of Soissons met at the instigation ofPepin the Short andSaint Boniface, the Pope's missionary to pagan Germany, secured the condemnation of the Frankish bishopAdalbert and the missionaryClement of Ireland.[4]

During theHundred Years' War, French forces committed a notorious massacre of English archers stationed at the town's garrison, in which many of the French townsfolk were themselves raped and killed.[5] The massacre of French citizens by French soldiers shocked Europe; Henry V of England, noting that the town of Soissons was dedicated to the saintsCrispin and Crispinian, claimed to avenge the honour of the saints when he met the French forces at theBattle of Agincourt onSaint Crispin's Day 1415. The town was liberated by French troops under the command ofJoan of Arc on 23 July 1429.

Between June 1728 and July 1729 it hosted theCongress of Soissons an attempt to resolve a long-standing series of disputes between theKingdom of Great Britain andSpain which had spilled over into theAnglo-Spanish War of 1727–1729. The Congress was largely successful and led to the signing of theTreaty of Seville between them.

DuringWorld War I, the city came under heavy bombardment. There was mutiny after the disastrousChemin des Dames offensive at theSecond Battle of the Aisne. A statue erected with images of French soldiers killed in action in 1917 is behind the St Peter's Church, next to the Soissons Courthouse.

Panorama of Soissons in ruins in 1919

Sights

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Today, Soissons is a commercial and manufacturing centre with the 12th-centurySoissons Cathedral, the ruins of theAbbey of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes and the crypt of the formerAbbey of Saint-Médard as three of its most important historical sites. The nearbyEspace Pierres Folles contains a museum, geological trail, andbotanical garden.

Landmarks

[edit]
Panoramic view of the Cathedral
The ruins of theAbbey of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes
  • Soissons Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais de Soissons) is constructed in the style ofGothic architecture. The building of the south transept was begun about 1177, and the lowest courses of the choir in 1182. The choir with its original three-storey elevation and extremely tall clerestory was completed in 1211. This was earlier thanChartres Cathedral, on which the design was supposed to have been based. Work then continued into the nave until the late 13th century.[6]
Main article:Soissons Cathedral
  • Abbey of Notre-Dame – The former abbey of Notre Dame, former royal abbey, founded in the Merovingian era, known for its rich treasure of relics, including the "shoe of the Virgin." The abbey had prestigious abbesses, among them Gisèle, sister of Charlemagne, and Catherine de Bourbon, aunt of Henry IV.
  • Abbey of Saint-Médard – TheAbbey of Saint-Médard was aBenedictine monastery of Soissons whose foundation went back to the sixth century. Today, only the crypt remains.
  • Hôtel de ville – Since 1833 the city hall has been housed in a château built by architect Jean-François Advyné between 1772 and 1775 at the request of the Intendant Pelletier Mortefontaine on the site of a previous one belonging to thecounts of Soissons.
  • Arsenal – Exhibition space in the arsenal of the formerAbbey of St. Jean des Vignes
  • Passerelle des Anglais – The "Passerelle des Anglais" (literally: "Footbridge of the English") is a concrete footbridge over the Aisne in the center of the city. The original bridge was destroyed in 1914. It was rebuilt by British soldiers of9th Field Company Royal Engineers, after which it was known as the "Pont des Anglais" ("Bridge of the English"). Destroyed again duringWorld War II, it was rebuilt in 1950 as a pedestrian bridge.
  • The covered market – Built in 1908 by architectAlbert-Désiré Guilbert (1866–1949)

Personalities

[edit]
  • The actressAurore Clément was born in Soissons in 1945.
  • The artistEmmanuel Fillion was born in Soissons in 1966.
  • The rabbinic writer Shemaiah of Sossoines (11th century), one of the prime disciples ofRashi.
  • The saintsCrispin and Crispinian were martyred c. 286 at Soissons for preaching Christianity to the local Gauls.
  • The 6th centuryBurgundian kingGuntram was born in Soissons around 532.
  • Jeanne Macherez (1852–1930), heroine during World War I; Mayor of Soissons

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
17937,675—    
18007,229−0.85%
18068,126+1.97%
18217,765−0.30%
18318,149+0.48%
18368,424+0.67%
18419,152+1.67%
184610,143+2.08%
18519,477−1.35%
18567,875−3.64%
186110,208+5.33%
186611,099+1.69%
187210,404−1.07%
187611,089+1.61%
188111,112+0.04%
188611,850+1.29%
189112,074+0.38%
189612,373+0.49%
YearPop.±% p.a.
190113,240+1.36%
190614,334+1.60%
191114,458+0.17%
192114,391−0.05%
192617,865+4.42%
193118,705+0.92%
193620,090+1.44%
194618,174−1.00%
195420,484+1.51%
196223,150+1.54%
196825,890+1.88%
197530,009+2.13%
198230,213+0.10%
199029,829−0.16%
199929,453−0.14%
200728,471−0.42%
201228,309−0.11%
201728,530+0.16%
Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (1968-2017)[8]

Climate

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Climate data for Soissons (Braine) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1988–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)16.3
(61.3)		20.2
(68.4)		25.0
(77.0)		29.1
(84.4)		32.5
(90.5)		36.6
(97.9)		42.1
(107.8)		40.2
(104.4)		35.0
(95.0)		28.9
(84.0)		21.3
(70.3)		17.1
(62.8)		42.1
(107.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)6.7
(44.1)		8.0
(46.4)		12.2
(54.0)		16.0
(60.8)		19.6
(67.3)		22.8
(73.0)		25.4
(77.7)		25.2
(77.4)		21.2
(70.2)		16.1
(61.0)		10.4
(50.7)		7.2
(45.0)		15.9
(60.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)4.0
(39.2)		4.6
(40.3)		7.6
(45.7)		10.3
(50.5)		13.9
(57.0)		17.0
(62.6)		19.3
(66.7)		19.0
(66.2)		15.6
(60.1)		11.9
(53.4)		7.4
(45.3)		4.6
(40.3)		11.3
(52.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.4
(34.5)		1.3
(34.3)		2.9
(37.2)		4.6
(40.3)		8.2
(46.8)		11.1
(52.0)		13.1
(55.6)		12.8
(55.0)		10.0
(50.0)		7.7
(45.9)		4.4
(39.9)		2.1
(35.8)		6.6
(43.9)
Record low °C (°F)−15.7
(3.7)		−15.3
(4.5)		−10.7
(12.7)		−5.0
(23.0)		−1.8
(28.8)		0.5
(32.9)		4.4
(39.9)		3.2
(37.8)		−0.7
(30.7)		−5.3
(22.5)		−12.6
(9.3)		−12.3
(9.9)		−15.7
(3.7)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)58.6
(2.31)		46.5
(1.83)		49.4
(1.94)		42.8
(1.69)		59.6
(2.35)		55.8
(2.20)		61.2
(2.41)		60.5
(2.38)		46.3
(1.82)		56.2
(2.21)		53.7
(2.11)		72.1
(2.84)		662.7
(26.09)
Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm)12.110.49.99.09.68.99.08.88.210.010.712.6119.1
Source: Meteociel[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^"Populations de référence 2022" (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Soissons" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 352.
  4. ^Dierkens, Alain (1984). "Superstitions, christianisme et paganisma à la fin de l'epoque mérovingienne: A propos de l'Indiculus superstitionem et paganiarum". In Hervé Hasquin (ed.).Magie, sorcellerie, parapsychologie. Brussels: Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles. pp. 9–26.
  5. ^G. A. Henty (1897)."Chapter XIX. Agincourt".At Agincourt. Archived fromthe original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved7 June 2010 – via Classic Reader.
  6. ^James, John (1989).The Template-makers of the Paris Basin: Toichological Techniques for Identifying the Pioneers of the Gothic Movement with an Examination of Art-historical Methodology. West Grinstead Pub.ISBN 978-0-7316-4520-6.
  7. ^Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui:Commune data sheet Soissons,EHESS(in French).
  8. ^Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  9. ^"Normales et records pour Braine (02)". Meteociel. Retrieved21 November 2024.

External links

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