Soenario | |
|---|---|
%2c_p19.jpg) Official portrait,c. 1954 | |
| 7th Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 1 August 1953 – 24 July 1955 | |
| Prime Minister | Ali Sastroamidjojo |
| Preceded by | Moekarto Notowidigdo |
| Succeeded by | Ide Anak Agoeng Gde Agoeng |
| 3rdIndonesian Ambassador to theUnited Kingdom | |
| In office 1956–1961 | |
| Preceded by | Soepomo |
| Succeeded by | B.M. Diah |
| Other positions | |
| 1960–1972 | Rector of theSyarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta |
| 1960–1963 | Rector of theSunan Kalijaga State Islamic University |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1902-08-28)28 August 1902 Madiun,Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 18 May 1997(1997-05-18) (aged 94) Jakarta,Indonesia |
| Political party | Indonesian National Party |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Sunaryati Hartono,Astrid Susanto, Sunardien, Wuryastuti Sunario, and Irawan Sunario |
| Relatives | Dian Sastrowardoyo (Grandniece) |
| Profession | |
Soenario Sastrowardoyo (EYD:Sunario Sastrowardoyo; 28 August 1902 – 18 May 1997), more commonly known simply asSoenario, was an Indonesianpolitician, anddiplomat, who served as the 7thForeign Minister of Indonesia, from 1953 until 1955, during theFirst Ali Sastroamidjojo cabinet, underPrime MinisterAli Sastroamidjojo. He was one of Indonesia's leading figures during theIndonesian independence movement and served as an administrator for thePerhimpoenan Indonesia association in theNetherlands.
He was born inMadiun,East Java,Indonesia, on 28 August 1902. He started his education at theFrobelschool, before continuing toEuropeesche Lagere School (ELS) and later to theMeer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO). He then continued to theRechtshoogeschool inBatavia and later theLeiden University inLeiden. While studying in the Netherlands, he was active in the management of thePerhimpoenan Indonesia association.
Upon his return from the Netherlands, he began practicing as a lawyer, and assisted in theIndonesian independence movement. After theDeclaration of Independence of Indonesia, he was a member of theCentral Indonesian National Committee (KNIP). Following the end of the Indonesian Revolution, he continued to serve in government. He served asMinister of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia from 1 August 1953 until 12 August 1955, and as Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1956 until 1961. He later became a Professor inpolitical science andInternational Law atDiponegoro University. He died on 18 May 1997 inJakarta.
Soenario Sastrowardoyo was born inMadiun,East Java,Indonesia, on 28 August 1902. He was the eldest son, and the first of 14 children, of Raden Mas Sutejo Sastrowardoyo, awedono of the Uteran District inMadiun, and Raden Ayu Ratna Suyati Sastrowardoyo (née Kartokusumo).[1] In 1908, he entered theFrobelschool, the equivalent ofkindergarten, inMadiun. At the school, he was taught by two teachers named Acherbeek and Tien.[1] After he graduated from theFrobelschool, he entered intoEuropeesche Lagere School (ELS), a European elementary school system during colonial rule. There, he lived in the house of his grandfather, Sastrosentono.[2]
After completing his education at ELS, he continued his education at theMeer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO), the equivalent ofJunior High School during colonial rule. He only attended for a year, before transferring to theRechtshoogeschool inBatavia, the equivalent of Vocational High School. AtRechtshoogeschool, he lived at the house of his uncles, named Kusman and Kunto, studied both theFrench language and law, and became a member of theJong Java association.[3][2]
After he finished his education at theRechtshoogeschool, he continued his studies in the Netherlands. Going there by boat toGenoa, then continued his journey by train toBrussels,Belgium (staying there overnight), before going toThe Hague and changing trains toLeiden. In Leiden, he was accepted into theUniversity of Leiden, studying at the Faculty of Law. During his time in Leiden, he was active in the management of thePerhimpoenan Indonesia association and was elected as secretary. Together with his colleagues there, Sunario formulated the outline of the association's direction which became known as the 1925 Political Manifesto. He received his diploma from Leiden on 15 December 1925, which was signed by ProfessorsCornelis van Vollenhoven andNicolaas Johannes Krom.[3]
Upon his return from the Netherlands in July 1926, Sunario led the scouting of the Nationale Padvinders Organisatie (NPO).[4] He established a private law practice inBandung, while becoming active inSukarno'sPerserikatan Nasional Indonesia, later renamed to thePartai Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Party).[5] Together with his friends, he also assisted in the establishing of the Jong Indonesia association on 20 February 1927, which would change its name toPemuda Indonesia in December 1927.Pemuda Indonesia together with Indonesian Student Associations (PPPI) pioneered the holding of the Second Youth Congress in Jakarta. In the Second Youth Congress on 28 October 1928, Sunario became a speaker.[6] As a continuation of the Youth Pledge, Sunario founded the People's College on 11 December 1929.[citation needed]
Sunario became a member of theCentral Indonesian National Committee (KNIP), the Government body appointed to assist the president of Indonesia, following theproclamation of Independence. After Indonesia's independence was recognized by the Dutch,following a violent 4 year-conflict, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1 August 1953 until 24 July 1955,[6] during theFirst Ali Sastroamidjojo cabinet, underPrime MinisterAli Sastroamidjojo.[7] During his tenure as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sunario served as Head of the Indonesian Delegation at theAsian-African Conference inBandung in 1955. He also signed the Agreement on Dual Chinese Citizenship with Chinese diplomatZhou Enlai.[8][9] Following the end of the cabinet, he served as theIndonesian ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1956 until 1961.[6]
After the end of his ambassadorship, Sunario became a professor of international politics and law atDiponegoro University, before becoming the rector there. He also became the rectors of a number of other universities, including rector of theSunan Kalijaga University ofYogyakarta, and theSyarif Hidayatullah University ofJakarta. In 1968, Sunario took the initiative to gather the historical actors of the Youth Pledge, and asked theGovernorAli Sadikin of Jakarta to manage and restore the original building located on Kramat Raya 106 street, though the place had changed tenants and owners. The place was eventually agreed to be theYouth Pledge Museum, but the proposal to change the name of the street from Jalan Kramat Raya to Jalan Sumpah Pemuda has not been achieved.[10]
After retiring, he was appointed to the Committee of Five in 1974. The committee was formed by the government due to uproar among the people about who was actually the creator ofPancasila. The committee was chaired by former Vice PresidentMohammad Hatta. Other members includeAhmad Subardjo,Alexander Andries Maramis, andAbdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo, all figures who helped formulate the 1945Jakarta Charter.[11] Sunario passed away inJakarta on 18 May 1997, in Medistra hospital. He was buried in theKalibata Heroes' Cemetery.[1] Then-PresidentSuharto spoke at his funeral in 1997. In 2002, the hundredth anniversary of his birth was commemorated at theMinistry of Foreign Affairs in Jakarta.[citation needed]
Soenario was the eldest son, and the first of 14 children, of Raden Mas Sutejo Sastrowardoyo, awedono of the Uteran District inMadiun, and Raden Ayu Ratna Suyati Sastrowardoyo. His grandfather was Sastrosentono. His father traced the family's ancestry back to 15th century Java. The family name was derived fromsastra (Sanskrit, 'writings') andwardaya (Sanskrit, 'heart'), so literally meant "writings of the heart".[citation needed]
As stated previously, he had 13 younger siblings. Sunarjo Sastrowardoyo, was an elementary school teacher, Sukanti Suryochondro, who was an instructor inwomen's studies at theUniversity of Indonesia, Subekti Sastrowardojo, who died in infancy during the1918 influenza pandemic,Suryono Sastrowardoyo, who was a career diplomat whose posts includedSingapore,Italy, theUnited States andPoland, Sumarsono Sastrowardoyo, who was a physician, surgeon and memoirist,Subagio Sastrowardoyo, who was a noted poet and academic, and Sumarsongko Sastrowardoyo, who was a member of staff of theConsulate General of Indonesia inNew York City.[citation needed]
He was married to Dina Maranta Pantauw, aMinahasaProtestant, whom he met during the 1928 Youth Congress, who was the delegate fromManado. He married her on 7 July 1930. She died in 1994.[3][6] Together, they had 5 children.Sunaryati Hartono, who is anattorney,lawyer, and professor of law,Astrid Susanto, who was a politician who served in thePeople's Representative Council,[12] Sunardien, who was aneconomist, Wuryastuti Sunario, who was managing director of the Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board, Irawan Sunario, who was the founder ofCitibank Indonesia. His granddaughter, Maya Sunario, is an active member of the Indonesian Irish Association since 2003 and is the current Chairperson. His grandniece,Dian Sastrowardoyo, is a successful actress and model.[13]
He is thefirst cousin, once removed, ofNugroho Wisnumurti, who was Indonesia'sPermanent Representative to the United Nations and Other International Organizations inGeneva,Switzerland from 2000 until 2004. He also has two nephews,Rahadyan Sastrowardoyo, and Hartriono B. Sastrowardoyo, both being US-basedjournalists (the latter for TheAsbury Park Press).[citation needed]
| Diplomatic posts | ||
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| Preceded by | Ambassador of Indonesia to the United Kingdom 1956–1961 | Succeeded by |
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| International | |
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