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| Author | Marvin Minsky |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
Publication date | 1986 |
| ISBN | 0-671-60740-5 |
The Society of Mind is both the title of a 1986 book and the name of a theory of naturalintelligence as written and developed byMarvin Minsky.[1]
In his book of the same name, Minsky constructs a model of human intelligence step by step, built up from the interactions of simple parts calledagents, which are themselves mindless. He describes the postulatedinteractions as constituting a "society of mind", hence the title.[2]
The work, which first appeared in 1986, was the first comprehensive description of Minsky's "society of mind" theory, which he began developing in the early 1970s. It is composed of 270 self-contained essays which are divided into 30 general chapters. The book was also made into a CD-ROM version.
In the process of explaining the society of mind, Minsky introduces a wide range of ideas and concepts. He develops theories about how processes such aslanguage,memory, andlearning work, and also covers concepts such asconsciousness, the sense ofself, andfree will; because of this, many viewThe Society of Mind as a work of philosophy.
The book was not written to prove anything specific aboutAI orcognitive science, and does not reference physical brain structures. Instead, it is a collection of ideas about how the mind and thinking work on the conceptual level.
Minsky first started developing the theory withSeymour Papert in the early 1970s. Minsky said that the biggest source of ideas about the theory came from his work in trying to create a machine that uses a robotic arm, a video camera, and a computer to build with children's blocks.[3]
A core tenet of Minsky's philosophy is that "minds are whatbrains do". The society of mind theory views the human mind and any other naturally evolvedcognitive systems as a vast society of individually simple processes known asagents. These processes are the fundamental thinking entities from which minds are built, and together produce the many abilities we attribute to minds. The great power in viewing a mind as a society of agents, as opposed to the consequence of some basic principle or some simpleformal system, is that different agents can be based on different types of processes with different purposes, ways of representing knowledge, and methods for producing results.
This idea is perhaps best summarized by the following quote:
What magical trick makes us intelligent? The trick is that there is no trick. The power of intelligence stems from our vast diversity, not from any single, perfect principle. —Marvin Minsky,The Society of Mind, p. 308