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Asmack was atraditional fishing boat used off the coast of Britain and the Atlantic coast of America for most of the 19th century and, in small numbers, up to the Second World War. Many larger smacks were originallycutter-riggedsailing boats until about 1865, when smacks had become so large that cutter main booms were unhandy. The smaller smacks retained the gaff cutter rig. The larger smacks were lengthened and re-rigged and newketch-rigged smacks were built, but boats varied from port to port. Some boats had atopsail on themizzen mast, while others had abowsprit carrying ajib.
Large numbers of smacks operated in fleets from ports in the UK such asBrixham,Grimsby andLowestoft as well as at locations along the Thames Estuary. In England the sails were white cotton until a proofing coat was applied, usually after the sail was a few years old. This gave the sails its distinctivered ochre colour, which made them a picturesque sight in large numbers.[1] Smacks were often rebuilt into steam boats in the 1950s.
Smacks were developed to transport live lobsters during the late 1700s. They were designed to allow seawater to circulate in a tank with holes in it.[2]
Smacks were used in British coastal waters during World War I asQ-ships. Actions involving smacks include theaction of 15 August 1917, when the armed smacksNelson andEthel & Millie engaged a German U-boat in theNorth Sea. During this action theNelson was sunk and its skipper,Thomas Crisp, was posthumously awarded theVictoria Cross. AnotherLowestoft smack,HM Armed SmackInverlyon, commanded byErnest Jehan, sank the German U-boatUB-4 earlier in the war, the only example of a wooden sailing vessel sinking a modern steel submarine.
Some old smacks have been re-rigged into ketches and are now used as training boats for young sailors. Other smacks are preserved in museums or used as floating museums.
TheExcelsior is an example of a preserved smack. Built in Lowestoft in 1921, she is a member of theNational Historic Fleet and operates as a sail training vessel.[3]Boadicea is another example of a well-preserved smaller smack. She was built inMaldon, Essex, in 1808.[4] The last working Class One East Coast Smack,Britannia, built in King's Lynn in 1914 and currently undergoing a restoration in Devon, was scheduled to be relaunched in April 2022 though that has been delayed. She was returned to the water in September of 2023,[5] but restoration work continues. When complete, she will be used as a sail training vessel operating out of Cornwall.
