 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name EthylN-acetyl-N-butyl-β-alaninate | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Ethyl 3-(N-butylacetamido)propanoate | |
Other names
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.052.560 |
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C11H21NO3 | |
| Molar mass | 215.293 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Almost odorless |
| Density | 0.998 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point | < −90 °C |
| Boiling point | 141 °C (decomposes) |
| 70 g/L (at 20 °C) | |
| Solubility in Acetone, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane,n-heptane, methanol,p-xylene | >250 g/L (at RT) |
| logP | 1.7 (at 23 °C) |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 | |
| Warning | |
| H319 | |
| P280,P305+P351+P338,P337+P313 | |
| Flash point | 159 °C (318 °F; 432 K) |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate is aninsect repellent whose trade name isIR3535 and was developed and commercialized byMerck KGaA (Germany). It is a colorless and odorless oil with a good skin feel in final products, and it isbiodegradable.[1][2][3]
Unlikeicaridin, IR3535 can dissolve some plastics and synthetic fabrics, exceptpolyethylene andpolypropylene.[4][5][6]
IR3535 is effective in repelling several different insects such as mosquitoes species and alsomidges,ticks andhead lice. It is as effective asDEET againstAedes andCulex mosquitoes, but may be less effective than DEET againstAnopheles mosquitoes, vectors ofmalaria.[7][8]
A 2013 review concluded that IR3535 is as effective as 20%DEET againstAnopheles, citing that some studies reported possibly shorter protection of just 3.8 hours.[9][6] In areas with malaria, the NHS recommends 50% DEET or at least 30% DEET or 20%icaridin instead of IR3535.[10][11][12] IR3535, among other repellents, is included in theWorld Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for areas with malaria. The WHO also notes that it may be necessary to reapply repellents every 3-4 hours in hot and humid climates.[13][14]
IR3535 also helps prevent bites from ticks that may transmitLyme disease.[6]
IR3535 can irritate the eyes on contact.[5]
Few if any studies have evaluated possible interactions when using IR3535 with sunscreens.[15]
The mechanism of action is still under investigation, but it probably related to the intolerance of mosquitos and other invertebrate animals to its odor.
IR3535 is applied topically in human skin and prevent bites from mosquitos and ticks that might cause serious diseases, such asdengue,malaria,zika,West Nile virus,Lyme disease, among others.[16]
IR3535 is aderivative of non-proteinogenic amino acidbeta-alanine.[2]
IR3535 is approved by several authorities around the world, includingECHA (Europe)[17] and theEPA (US)[18] where it is considered a biopesticide.
Like a number of other repellents, IR3535® is not compatible with certain synthetic materials.
IR3535 20% offers protection against Aedes and Culex mosquitoes for 7-10 hours but only 3.8 hours of protection against Anopheles in some studies. Therefore, IR3535 is not recommended for use in malaria-endemic areas. It is a serious eye irritant but otherwise has a good safety profile. It can melt some plastics and damage some fabrics.
use insect repellent on your skin – make sure it's 50% DEET-based
A product with 50% DEET is recommended as a first choice. If DEET is not tolerated, use of a repellent containing the highest strength formulation available of either icaridin (20%), eucalyptus citriodora oil, hydrated, cyclised or 3-ethlyaminopropionate is recommended.
IR3535: less effective than DEET or Icaridin at preventing bites from the type of mosquitos that carry malaria; should not be used in countries where malaria is present
Few or no studies address using IR3535 or oil of lemon eucalyptus with sunscreens.
