Glands located on the anterior wall of the vagina
"Periurethral glands" redirects here. For the male periurethral glands, see
Urethral gland .
In femalehuman anatomy ,Skene's glands or theSkene glands (/s k iː n SKEEN lesser vestibular glands orparaurethral glands [ 1] glands located towards the lower end of theurethra . The glands are surrounded by tissue that swells withblood duringsexual arousal , and secrete a fluid, carried by theSkene's ducts to openings near theurethral meatus , particularly duringorgasm .
Structure and function [ edit ] The Skene's glands' openings are located in thevestibule of thevulva , around the lower end of theurethra .[ 2] urethral opening , from which they are structurally capable of secreting fluid.[ 2] [ 3] [ 2] [ 3]
Skene's glands produce a milk-likeultrafiltrate ofblood plasma . The glands may be the source offemale ejaculation ,[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 4] prostate act similarly by secretingprostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is anejaculate protein produced in males, andprostatic acid phosphatase , some authors refer to the Skene's glands as the "female prostate".[ 3] [ 5] [ 6] homologous to the male prostate (developed from the sameembryological tissues),[ 7] [ 8] sexual activity for some women, especially duringorgasm .[ 3] [ 4] glucose andfructose .[ 3]
In an amount of a fewmilliliters , fluid is secreted from these glands when stimulated from inside thevagina .[ 9] [ 10] [ 3] [ 11]
Clinical significance [ edit ]
A Skene's ductcyst , pressing theurethral opening towards the right side of the image Disorders of the Skene's glands may include:
While the glands were first described in 1672 byRegnier de Graaf and by the Frenchsurgeon Alphonse Guérin (1816–1895),[ 15] gynaecologist Alexander Skene , who wrote about it inWestern medical literature in 1880.[ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] female prostate as a second term afterparaurethral gland was added inTerminologia Histologica Federative International Committee on Anatomical Terminology . The 2008 edition notes that the term was introduced "because of the morphological and immunological significance of the structure".[ 20]
Horses ,dogs ,sheep , andpigs are examples of othermammals that have these glands (minor vestibular glands).[ 21]
^ "paraurethral glands" atDorland's Medical Dictionary ^a b c Rodriguez FD, Camacho A, Bordes SJ, Gardner B, Levin RJ, Tubbs RS (2020)."Female ejaculation: An update on anatomy, history, and controversies" .Clinical Anatomy .34 (1):103– 107.doi :10.1002/ca.23654 .PMID 32681804 .S2CID 220634920 .Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved26 September 2020 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^a b c d e f g Pastor Z, Chmel R (2017)."Differential diagnostics of female 'sexual' fluids: a narrative review" .International Urogynecology Journal .29 (5):621– 629.doi :10.1007/s00192-017-3527-9 .PMID 29285596 .S2CID 5045626 . ^a b c Greenberg, Jerrold S.; Bruess, Clint E.; Oswalt, Sara B. (2014).Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality Jones & Bartlett Publishers . pp. 102– 104.ISBN 978-1449648510 Archived from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved7 February 2018 . ^a b Bullough, Vern L.; Bullough, Bonnie (2014).Human Sexuality: An Encyclopedia Routledge . p. 231.ISBN 978-1135825096 Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved7 February 2018 . ^ Diane Tomalty, Olivia Giovannetti et al.:Should We Call It a Prostate? A Review of the Female Periurethral Glandular Tissue Morphology, Histochemistry, Nomenclature, and Role in Iatrogenic Sexual Dysfunction Sexual Medicine Reviews . Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2022, page 183–194. ^ Arulkumaran, Sabaratnam; Ledger, William; Doumouchtsis, Stergios; Denny, Lynette (December 2019).Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ISBN 9780198766360 ^ Toivanen R, Shen MM (2017)."Prostate organogenesis: tissue induction, hormonal regulation and cell type specification" .Development .144 (8):1382– 1398.doi :10.1242/dev.148270 .PMC 5399670 PMID 28400434 . ^ Castleman, Michael (2 January 2014)."Female ejaculation: What's known and unknown" .Psychology Today . Retrieved8 May 2017 . ^ Heath, Desmond (1984)."An investigation into the origins of a copious vaginal discharge during intercourse: 'Enough to wet the bed' – that 'is not urine' The Journal of Sex Research 20 (2).Taylor & Francis :194– 215.doi :10.1080/00224498409551217 .JSTOR 3812351 . ^ Salama, Samuel; Boitrelle, Florence; Gauquelin, Amélie; Malagrida, Lydia; Thiounn, Nicolas; Desvaux, Pierre (1 March 2015)."Nature and origin of 'squirting' in female sexuality" The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12 (3):661– 666.doi :10.1111/jsm.12799 .ISSN 1743-6095 .PMID 25545022 . ^ Gittes, R F; Nakamura, R M (May 1996)."Female urethral syndrome. A female prostatitis?" .Western Journal of Medicine 164 (5):435– 438.PMC 1303542 PMID 8686301 . ^ Itani M, Kielar A, Menias CO, Dighe MK, Surabhi V, Prasad SR; et al. (2016)."MRI of female urethra and periurethral pathologies" .Int Urogynecol J .27 (2):195– 204.doi :10.1007/s00192-015-2790-x .PMID 26209954 .S2CID 26054797 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )^ Kissinger, Patricia (5 August 2015)."Trichomonas vaginalis: a review of epidemiologic, clinical and treatment issues" .BMC Infectious Diseases .15 : 307.doi :10.1186/s12879-015-1055-0 PMC 4525749 PMID 26242185 . ^ de Graaf, Regnier (1672).De Mulierum Organis Generationi Inservientibus ^ Skene, Alexander J. C. (April 1880)."The anatomy and pathology of two important glands of the female urethra" .The American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children .13 :265– 70.^ Skene's glands Whonamedit? ^ Skene's ducts Whonamedit? ^ Hornstein, Theresa; Schwerin, Jeri Lynn (2013).Biology of women ISBN 978-1-285-40102-7 OCLC 911037670 .Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved29 April 2021 . ^ Terminologia Histologica: International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . 2008. p. 65.ISBN 978-0781766104 Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved27 September 2020 .^ Leibich, Hans-Georg (2019).Veterinary Histology of Domestic Mammals and Birds: Textbook and Colour Atlas 14– 30.ISBN 978-1-78918-106-7
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