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| Sizwe Banzi Is Dead | |
|---|---|
 Poster for the 2007Royal National Theatre production | |
| Written by | Athol Fugard John Kani Winston Ntshona |
| Characters | Styles Robert (Sizwe Banzi) Buntu |
| Date premiered | 1972; 53 years ago (1972) |
| Place premiered | South Africa |
Sizwe Banzi Is Dead (originally produced and published as:Sizwe Bansi is Dead) is a play byAthol Fugard, written collaboratively with two South African actors,John Kani andWinston Ntshona, both of whom appeared in the original production. Its world première occurred on 8 October 1972 at theSpace Theatre,Cape Town,South Africa. Its subsequent British première won a London Theatre Critics Award for the Best Play of 1974.[1] Its American première occurred at theEdison Theatre, inNew York City, on 13 November 1974.[2] It has been ranked among the best plays ever made byThe Independent, where it was described as a "deceptively light and humane play that outlasts the apartheid era."[3]
The play opens in the photography studio of a man named Styles. The studio is located inNew Brighton, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. After reading a newspaper article on an automobile plant, Styles tells a humorous story to the audience about an incident that occurred when he worked at the Ford Motor Company.
Styles continues to read the paper and talks about his photography studio. His musings are interrupted when a customer, Sizwe Banzi, arrives. He asks to have his picture taken, but when Styles asks him for his deposit and name, Sizwe hesitates, then says his name is Robert Zwelinzima. Styles asks Sizwe what he will do with the photo, and Sizwe tells him he will send it to his wife. When the picture is taken, the moment is frozen into what the photograph will look like. It comes to life and Sizwe dictates the letter to his wife that will accompany the photo.
In the letter, Sizwe tells his wife that Sizwe Banzi is dead. He writes that when he arrived in Port Elizabeth from their home in King William’s Town, he stayed with a friend named Zola who tried to help Sizwe find a job. His employment search was unsuccessful; as a result, he was told by the authorities that he must leave in three days. Sizwe went to stay with Zola’s friend, Buntu.
The play returns to the present time. Staying at Buntu’s house, Sizwe tells Buntu about his problems — unless a miracle happens, he will have to leave town in three days. Buntu is sympathetic to the problem and suggests he work in the mines in King William’s Town. Sizwe rejects the idea as too dangerous. Buntu decides to take him out for a treat at Sky’s place, a local bar.
The focus switches back to Sizwe as he continues to compose the letter to his wife. He describes his experiences at Sky’s shebeen, where he was served alcohol by a woman in a respectful manner.
The scene shifts to the outside of Sky’s after Sizwe and Buntu have been drinking. Buntu decides that he needs to get home to go to work tomorrow. He goes into an alley to relieve himself and finds a dead man there. Sizwe wants to report the body to the police. Buntu rejects the idea, but he retrieves the dead man’s identity book to find his address. Buntu finds that the man, named Robert Zwelinzima, has a work-seeker’s permit — the very thing that Sizwe needs to stay in town. They take the book. At Buntu’s house, Buntu switches the photographs in the books. He proposes that they burn Sizwe’s book — effectively making him dead — and have Sizwe adopt the dead man’s identity so he can stay in Port Elizabeth. Sizwe is unsure about the plan; in particular, he worries about his wife and children. Buntu contends that they can remarry. After much discussion, Sizwe agrees to the switch.
Sizwe finishes dictating the letter to his wife. In it, he tells her that Buntu is helping him get a lodger’s permit. The scene shifts back to Styles’ photography studio; Sizwe is getting his picture taken.
According to Marie Rose Napierkowski, inDrama for Students (Detroit: Gale, 2006;eNotes.com):
The genesis ofSizwe Bansi Is Dead can be traced to Fugard’s experiences as a law clerk at the Native Commissioner’s Court inJohannesburg. At that time it was required that every black and colored citizen over the age of sixteen carried [sic] an identity book that restricted employment and travel within the country. In court, Fugard saw the repercussions of this law: blacks were sent to jail at an alarming rate. Although these restrictions are specificallySouth African, critics have noted that the play’s greater theme ofidentity is universal. Critics and scholars have also observed thatSizwe Bansi Is Dead contains elements ofabsurdism, especially its sparse setting and surreal subject matter.[4]
In 1972, Fugard directed the play'sworld premiere inCape Town, followed the next year by a staging atLondon'sRoyal Court Theatre, which transferred to theAmbassadors, with Kani as Styles and Buntu and Ntshona as Robert/Sizwe. There, it wonThe London Theatre Critics award. After six previews, theBroadway production, presented inrepertory withThe Island, opened on 13 November 1974 at theEdison Theatre, where it ran for 159 performances.Kani and Ntshona jointly wonTony Awards for Best Actor in a Play for their performances in bothSizwe Banzi Is Dead andThe Island.[5] They reunited for the production staged at theRoyal National Theatre in London in 2007.[6] That year the play was translated into French byMarie-Hélène Estienne for a version staged byPeter Brook at theBarbican Centre.[7]
A television adaptation appeared onBBC2 Playhouse in March 1974.[8]
