Two child sisters, the elder tending to the youngerc. 1911.The Game of Chess (1555) bySofonisba Anguissola (It depicts her sistersLucia (left),Minerva (right) andEuropa (middle) Anguissola playing chess. The older woman is their maidservant.)The Artist's sisterDanica Šantel byHenrika ŠantelThree sisters from the Spencer family,c. 1902.
Asister is awoman or agirl who sharesparents or a parent with another individual; a femalesibling.[1] The male counterpart is abrother. Although the term typically refers to afamilial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-familial relationships.[2] A full sister is afirst-degree relative.
TheEnglish wordsister comes fromOld Norsesystir which itself derives fromProto-Germanic*swestēr, both of which have the same meaning, i.e. sister. Some studies have found that sisters display more traits indicating jealousy around their siblings than their male counterparts,brothers.[3] In some cultures, sisters are afforded a role of being under the protection by male siblings, especially older brothers, from issues ranging from bullies or sexual advances by womanizers.[4] In some quarters, the termsister has gradually broadened its colloquial meaning to include individuals stipulatingkinship.[5] In response, in order to avoid equivocation, some publishers prefer the usage offemale sibling oversister.[6] Males with atwin sister sometimes view her as their femalealter ego, or what they would have been like if they had two X chromosomes.[7] A study in Perth, Australia found that girls having only younger brothers resulted in achastity effect: losing theirvirginity on average more than a year later than average. This has been hypothesized as being attributed to the pheromones in their brothers' sweat and household-related errands.[8]
Various studies have shown that older sisters are likely to give a variedgender role to their younger siblings, as well as being more likely to develop a close bond with their younger siblings.[9] Older sisters are more likely to play with their younger siblings.[10] Younger siblings display more needy behavior when near their older sister[11] and are more likely to be tolerant of an older sister's bad behavior.[12] Boys with only one older sister are more likely to display stereotypically male behavior, and suchmasculine boys increased their masculine behavior with the more sisters they have.[13] The reverse is true for young boys with several sisters, as they tend to befeminine, however, they outgrow this by the time they approachpubescence.[14] Boys with older sisters were less likely to be delinquent or haveemotional and behavioral disorders.[15] A younger sister is less likely to be scolded by older siblings than a younger brother.[16] The most common recreational activity between older brother/younger sister pairs is art drawing.[9] Some studies also found a correlation between having an older sister and constructive discussions about safe sexual practices.[17] Some studies have shown that men without sisters are more likely to be ineffectual at courtship and romantic relationships.[18]
^Mufwene, Salikoko S. "The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba." (1988): 441–454.
^Volling, B. L.; McElwain, N.L.; Miller, A.L. (2002). "Emotion Regulation in Context: The Jealousy Complex between Young Siblings and its Relations with Child and Family Characteristics". Child Development 73 (2): 581–600.
^Handbook of Cultural Psychiatry — Page 67, Wen-Shing Tseng – 2001
^van der Burghe, Pierre (1987).The Ethnic Phenomenon. p. 27.
^Olshewsky, Thomas (1969).Problems in the philosophy of language. p. 286.
^McCallum, Robyn. "Other Selves: subjectivity and the doppelganger in Australian adolescent fiction. Example of the sister in a sentence "The sisters live in the convent at Lafayette Towers." Writing the Australian child: Texts and contexts in fictions for children (1996): 17–36.
_1555_(4096x3236px).jpg)
_-_Two_Sisters_(1901).jpg)
