Sir Fenton Aylmer | |
|---|---|
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| Born | (1862-04-05)5 April 1862 |
| Died | 3 September 1935(1935-09-03) (aged 73) |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1880–1919 |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Unit | Corps of Royal Engineers |
| Commands | Tigris Corps Commandant, Royal Engineers |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Victoria Cross Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath |
| Spouses | Elsie Julie Oppermann, Lady Risley |
Lieutenant-GeneralSir Fenton John Aylmer, 13th Baronet,VC, KCB (5 April 1862 – 3 September 1935) was anAnglo-IrishBritish Army officer and a recipient of theVictoria Cross. He was in command of the first failed efforts to break thesiege of Kut in 1916. From a military background, Aylmer was commissioned into the Indian Army, and immediately involved in fierce fighting on the north-west frontier. In a singularly heroic action, still in his twenties, he helped rescue Townshend's garrison atChitral, spearheading the relief column. For his valorous conduct he was awarded the Victoria Cross, and rapid promotion through the officer class.
Born the son of Captain Fenton John Aylmer andIsabella Eleanor Darling. Aylmer attended theRoyal Military Academy, Woolwich, as a Gentleman Cadet, in the same class asReginald Wingate, and was promotedlieutenant on 27 July 1880.[1] He took part in the Burma expedition between 1886 and 1887.[2]
Fenton was 29 years old, and acaptain in theCorps of Royal Engineers,British Army andBengal Sappers & Miners (British Indian Army),[3] during theHunza–Nagar Campaign, India when he won theVictoria Cross in 1891 for the following deed:
On 2 December 1891 during the assault onNilt Fort,British India, Captain Aylmer, with the storming party, forced open the inner gate with gun-cotton which he had placed and ignited, and although severely wounded, fired 19 shots with his revolver, killing several of the enemy, and remained fighting until, fainting from loss of blood, he was carried out of action.[4]
He was promotedmajor on 18 October 1893 in recognition of his services during the Hunza-Nagar Expedition,[5] and was part of theChitral Expedition in 1895.[2] Further service with the Royal Engineers saw him promoted abrevetLieutenant-colonel. In July 1901 he was appointed AssistantQuartermaster general in India, and promoted to the substantive rank ofcolonel.[6] In August 1904 he was made a colonel on the staff.[7] In June 1907 he was made aCompanion of the Order of the Bath in the1907 Birthday Honours.[8]
In March 1912, having been promoted tomajor general in February 1909,[9] he becameadjutant general, India, taking over from Lieutenant GeneralSir Arthur Barrett.[10][11]
In 1913 he married Lady Risley, the widow of SirHerbert Hope Risley, head of the Indian Civil Service. She was born Elsie Julie Oppermann, daughter of Friedrich Oppermann.[12]
Having been promoted tolieutenant general on 11 June 1915,[13] Aylmer was sent to Mesopotamia to take over command of the7th (Meerut) Division. However, shortly after his arrival, he was put in charge of theTigris Corps that was assembled as the first effort to end thesiege of Kut.[14][15] Tigris Corps comprised the Meerut Division, the12th Indian Division, and a number of other smaller military units. All told he had more than 20,000 men. They leftBasra in late December 1915 and arrived at Sheikh Sa'ad on 3 January 1916.[16] While the 12th Indian Division (under command of GeneralGeorge Gorringe) made a diversionary move near Nasiriyeh, the 7th (under the command of General Younghusband) staged a direct assault on the Ottoman positions on 6 January (theBattle of Sheikh Sa'ad).[16] After two days of fighting, the Ottoman army withdrew. The British sustained approximately 4,000 casualties – much more than the medical units could cope with.[16] The Ottoman troops, under the generalship ofBaron von der Goltz only withdrew some six miles up river and occupied another defensive position near the edge of the Suwaikiya Marshes. A British assault on this position on 13 January was partially successful, the position was carried but again with significant losses (some 1,600 casualties) (the Battle of Wadi).[16]
By now, a third division had been added to Aylmer's Tigris Corps, the3rd (Lahore) Division. This new division, along with the weakened 7th Division, attacked Ottoman defensive works at Hanna on 21 January (theBattle of Hanna). This assault was a complete failure. The Ottoman troops held their trench lines while some 2,700 British soldiers were killed or wounded.[16]
General Aylmer was reinforced with another division, the13th (Western) Division. The next month was spent resting the troops and probing the Ottoman defensive positions. With time running out on Major-GeneralTownshend's garrison inKut, Aylmer finally launched a two pronged attack on the Ottoman positions, one attack at the Sinn Abtar Redoubt, the other attack at theDujaila Redoubt. The attacks were launched on 7 March 1916. Both attacks failed due to lack of initiative and an inability to coordinate the timing of the assaults: they ended up being sequential, not simultaneous as was intended. The British lost some 4,000 casualties.[16]
Fenton Aylmer was replaced by the former commander of the 12th Indian division, Major-General Gorringe. He did not command in battle again, but served as a divisional commander in India from 1915[17] to 1917[18] before retiring from the British Army in 1919.[2]
From 1922 till his death he was acolonel commandant of theRoyal Engineers.[2]
Following his death in 1935 he was cremated at theGolders Green Crematorium, where his ashes remain.[19]
His Victoria Cross is displayed at theRoyal Engineers Museum inChatham, Kent, England.[3]
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Adjutant-General, India 1912–1915 | Succeeded by |
| Baronetage of Ireland | ||
| Preceded by Arthur Percy FitzGerald Aylmer | Baronet of Donadea 1928–1935 | Succeeded by Gerald Arthur Evans-Freke Aylmer |