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| Sind River | |
|---|---|
 Sind River | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| Union territory | Jammu and Kashmir |
| Region | Kashmir Valley |
| District | Ganderbal |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | 34°12′14.860″N75°35′21.94″E / 34.20412778°N 75.5894278°E /34.20412778; 75.5894278 |
| • location | Machoi Glacier |
| • elevation | 4,800 m (15,700 ft) |
| Mouth | 34°11′2.382″N74°40′36.21″E / 34.18399500°N 74.6767250°E /34.18399500; 74.6767250 |
• location | Jhelum River at Shadipora |
• elevation | 1,600 m (5,200 ft) |
| Length | 108 km (67 mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 290 m3/s (10,000 cu ft/s) |
TheSind River or theSindh River is ariver in theGanderbal district of the union territory ofJammu and Kashmir,India. It is a major tributary of theJhelum River and is 108 km (67 miles) long.
The Sind River forms theSind Valley. Thesource of the river lies in theMachoi Glacier at an elevation of 4,800 m (15,700 ft), east of theAmarnath temple and south of theZoji La.[1][2] It flows through Panjtarni (a camping site ofAmarnath yatra) southwards up to Domail where it joins a tributary which doubles its flow from theKolhoi Glacier. It then flows mostly westwards along theNH 1D and is fed by many glacial streams on its way toGanderbal town. At Kichpora Preng it is fed by the Wangath river which flows down from theGangabal Lake, which is considered the source of the river per tradition.[3] The major tributaries of the river are: the Amarnath stream, Kolhoi Grar, Shitkadi Nallah, Gund Nallah, Surfraw Nallah and Wangath Nallah.
Surfraw Nallah is a big Nallah which joins the Sind river at Surfraw (Soraf raw). This Nallah is also known for its beauty and fish.[4] The Sind river is navigable fromGanderbal town. It joins theJhelum River at Shadipora, 17 kilometres northwest ofSrinagar.[5] The river also passes through the famous alpine hill stationSonamarg where riverrafting[6] tournaments are organised annually by the Tourism Department of Jammu and Kashmir.[7] The Sind River is also the only river in Jammu and Kashmir on which threehydroelectric power plants are functional. The waters of the river are used forirrigation by way of different canals[8] and for domestic use.
The Sind River is the natural habitat oftrout, and various other fish. The most famous among them are:[9]brown trout,[10] (Salmo trutta)rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss), snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus), Shuddgurn and Anyour.
Trout and hencetrout fishing are at risk along the Sind river. This is for several reasons.
Theextraction of sand/bajri by engagement of heavy machines isdestroying the natural habitat of trout and other fish.[11] Waste from the use ofpesticides,DDT andinsecticides by farmers kills many fish every day. The change intopography leads to the destruction of aquatic fauna of the river.In various riverine villages people catch fish through the conventional way of angling and using nets. These methods are replaced today by resorting to unconventional and illegal methods. The most ecologically destructive method is usingbleaching powder, procured from officials of the PHE department. Bleaching powder not only kills fish but other aquatic life as well. This process is very common during summers, especially in the Wayil catchment area.[citation needed]
The Fisheries Department and other government agencies have not been able to effectively intervene. Mismanagement of water diversion to power canals is another concern for the survival of fish.[12]
From east to west:
Major bridges in Ganderbal district are:
