Simon Everard Digby (17 October 1932 – 10 January 2010) was an Englishoriental scholar, translator, writer and collector who was awarded the Burton Medal of theRoyal Asiatic Society and was a formerFellow ofWolfson College, Oxford, the Honorary Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society and Assistant Keeper in the Department of Eastern Art of theAshmolean Museum inOxford. He was also the foremost British scholar of pre-Mughal India.[1]
The author of several books, including translations from Indo-Persian and a study onSultanate-era military history, as well as over 60 academic articles and book chapters, Digby was also highly regarded as a collector.[2] He was a prolific reviewer of academic books, the reviews themselves described as "probing and erudite" in a 2022 volume devoted to his method and legacy.[3]William Dalrymple described him as "fabulously eccentric" and "the sort of independent scholar who no longer exists";[4] in an obituary, the historianIrfan Habib characterised him as "a scholar different from all others in the attention that he paid to the minutiae and curiosities of history".[5] At his death, he left behind a large body of unpublished work, which the trustees of his estate have arranged to beedited and posthumously published.[6][7]
Digby was born in 1932 atJabalpur in the Central Provinces, nowMadhya Pradesh. Simon Digby's father wasKenelm George Digby, a judge of the Indian High Court, and his mother wasViolet M. Kidd, an accomplished painter. As his father was a friend ofJ. F. Roxburgh, the first headmaster ofStowe School, Digby was sent to that school (1946–1951) after attending apreparatory school in North Wales. In 1951 he went with his mother on a painting expedition toDelhi, Rajasthan andKashmir. On his return to Britain he attendedTrinity College, Cambridge (Major and Senior Scholar, Earl of Derby Student), 1951–1956; History Tripos, University of Cambridge (BA Cantab., 1st Class Honours with Distinction) 1956; proceeded MA 1962.[8]
In 1962 he returned to India where he spent almost a year inHyderabad and another year inDelhi during which period he wrote on Indian history and contributed an article on theEmperor Humayun to theEncyclopaedia of Islam. This was his first article for this work. He also contributed to the first volume ofThe Cambridge Economic History of India. His first major article was 'Dreams and Reminiscences of Dattu Sarvani, a Sixteenth Century Indo-Afghan Soldier' for theIndian Economic and Social History Review, which sprang from Digby's interest in medieval Indian warfare and IndianSufism.[9] On his return to London he became a regular reviewer inThe Journal of theRoyal Asiatic Society, theBulletin of theSchool of Oriental and African Studies andThe Times Literary Supplement. From 1968 to 1984 he was the Honorary Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society, which involved him in ordering and cataloguing the Society's collections.[8] In 1969, he was elected a Research Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford.[9] In 1970, he delivered a paper at the Seminar on Aspects of Religion in South Asia at SOAS entitled 'Encounters with Jogīs in Indian Sūfī Hagiography', whichDavid Gordon White later described as "what may be the most widely circulated unpublished manuscript in the field of South Asian studies."[10]
In 1971 Digby hitch-hiked toVenice with a friend, who was later theBBC World Service's regional manager in Delhi. The two left Venice and travelled by sea toRhodes andAnatolia, and then on public transport through Turkey toTehran,Kerman,Zahidan andQuetta. Digby was inKarachi when war broke out betweenIndia andPakistan, and here he privately published his bookWar-Horse and Elephant in the Dehli Sultanate. In 1972 he was appointed to a post in the Department of Eastern Art of theAshmolean Museum inOxford, which had been created forDavid McCutchion, who had died before he could take it up. This was to be Simon's only full-time paid position, he having benefitted from a number of legacies from deceased relatives. At the Ashmolean, and on a tight budget, he made a series of purchases of Indian decorative arts that were exceptional for their quality.[8] Around this time, he was the inspiration for two oil-on-wood abstract paintings by theTurner Prize-winning British artistHoward Hodgkin: "Small Simon Digby",[11] and "Simon Digby Talking".[12]
As an ex-officio member of the Oriental Faculty of theUniversity of Oxford (1972–2000), Digby was responsible for supervising postgraduate students, and gave instruction inHindi,Urdu andPersian. In addition, he examined postgraduate theses including that ofMichael Nazir-Ali. Digby also served as visiting professor in Paris andNaples, where he lectured onSufism and architecture. In 1999 Digby was awarded the Burton Medal of theRoyal Asiatic Society[13] and delivered a paper later published privately asRichard Burton: the Indian Making of an Arabist. In his latter years Digby lived in a cottage inJersey which had been left to him by a relative. From here he made annual visits to India.[8] In January 2003, he was conferred the degree ofD.Litt.honoris causa fromJamia Hamdard, New Delhi.[14]
Simon Digby died ofpancreatic cancer inDelhi on 10 January 2010, having been diagnosed with the disease only on 28 December 2009. He had been due to deliver a talk at theIndia International Centre entitled "A Runaway Mughal Prince" at the invitation of theIndian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage.[1] He was cremated in India on 14 January 2010 and his ashes immersed in flowing water. Digby was unmarried and left no close relatives.
The trustees of his will, in the absence of clear instructions about what to do with his estate, sold his most valuable artefacts (many at auction in 2011[15][16]) and established the Simon Digby Memorial Charity to promote the study of subjects in which Simon Digby was interested. The Charity funded a post doctoral fellowship at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. A conference held in Digby's honour in June 2014 resulted in the publication of a volume on his historical method, edited byFrancesca Orsini and published byOxford University Press in 2022.[3] The fellowship has also funded the completion of Simon Digby's unpublished academic work, which is being published in the 11-volume seriesThe Life and Works of Simon Digby.[7][17][18][19][20] The trustees also donated Digby's collection of chiefly Indo-Persian manuscripts to the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.[21]
Simon Digby's scholarly interests spanned a wide range of areas and fields. He is primarily known as an historian of Sultanate-era north India, in its social, economic, political, military and religious aspects.[22] His keen interest in Sufism – extending into the Mughal period – informed much of his work in that field, as he (following the work ofMohammad Habib,K. A. Nizami, andSyed Hasan Askari) investigated "the important sidelights on Indo-Muslim history [that] are to be found in Sufi literature."[23] His early interest in the art of the Indian subcontinent is evidenced in some of hisearliest publications, and was sustained throughout his career; this was supplemented by ventures into architecture andnumismatics.[24] Significant other interests included sub-continental travel writing from the pre-modern period through to the era of European colonialism, "Wonder-Tales" and comparative folklore, and a subset of his work developing from interests in the works and trajectories of both Richard Burton andRudyard Kipling, and their contemporaries.
Digby's first major piece of Sultanate-era history was his 1971 monographWar-horse and Elephant in the Dehli Sultanate: A Study of Military Supplies. This was self-published under the imprint 'Orient Monographs', and printed inKarachi. In his review of the book, the historian Derek Latham laid out the major historiographical intervention made by Digby:
In the present century various theories have been advanced to explain the initial military success and the subsequent long survival of the sultanate. Indian modernists have argued that, because of the caste system, the indigenous population lacked a sense of national unity and cohesion. Indian Muslims, on the other hand, have contended that the lower castes were quick to see in Islam their salvation and delivery from the tyranny of the higher castes and accordingly welcomed their Muslim invaders. On the military side others have held that mounted combat, in which the Muslims excelled, was unfamiliar to their Hindu opponents. Dismissing the two political theses as tendentious (which undoubtedly they are, though I myself would not say that they are devoid of all truth), Simon Digby concentrates on the military aspect of the matter and cites evidence, first, against the notion that the Hindus had no experience of mounted combat and, secondly, against the idea that the Muslim conquest and ascendancy were based on superior weapons of close combat such as the sword.[25]
Digby contributed three pieces toThe Cambridge Economic History of India, Volume 1: c.1200–c.1750, edited by Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib and published in 1982, on ‘Economic Conditions before 1200’, ‘The Currency System’ and ‘The Maritime Trade of India’ in the period. Later in his career he produced other macro-level studies of the period: on Indo-Persian historiography (2001b); and what he termed the 'provincialisation' of the Delhi Sultanate in the course of the fourteenth century (2004a).
Digby also concentrated on what Irfan Habib described as 'the curiosities and minutiae of history': examples include his investigation of the correct location of thetomb of Buhlul Lodi (1975a) and the correct name ofSultan Iltutmish (1970b).
2024.The Life and Works of Simon Digby, Volume I: Against the Mughals: Dreams and Wars of Dattū Sarvānī, a Sixteenth-Century Indo-Afghan Soldier, edited by David Lunn, with an introduction by Samira Sheikh, Delhi: Primus BooksISBN9789361773877 (HB),ISBN9789361777028 (PoD).
2025a.The Life and Works of Simon Digby, Volume II: Encounters with Jogīs in Indian Sūfī Hagiography, edited by David Lunn, with an introduction byJames Mallinson, Delhi: Primus BooksISBN9789368830467 (HB),ISBN9789368839880 (PoD).
2025b.The Life and Works of Simon Digby, Volume III: Sufis in the Life of Medieval India, edited by David Lunn, with an introduction byNile Green, Delhi: Primus BooksISBN9789368831983 (HB),ISBN9789368833673 (PoD).
2025c.The Life and Works of Simon Digby, Volume IV: Tales, Translations, Trajectories: Literary and Linguistic Journeys in South Asia and Beyond, edited by David Lunn, with an introduction byFrancesca Orsini, Delhi: Primus BooksISBN9789371795654 (HB).
1971a.War-Horse and Elephant in the Dehli Sultanate, Oxford: Orient MonographsISBN9780903871006.
1979a.The Royal Asiatic Society: its History and Treasures, Leiden and London (edited with Stuart Simmonds)ISBN9780947593353.
1979b.Paintings from Mughal India, London: Colnaghi (with Toby Falk)ISBN9780904221145.
1982a.Toy Soldiers and Ceremonial in Post-Mughal India, Oxford: The Ashmolean Museum (with James Harle)ISBN9780900090912.
2000.Wonder Tales of South Asia, Jersey: Orient MonographsISBN9780903871013/New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006ISBN9780195683639.Divotvorní náthové: mystické příběhy jóginů, súfijců a dervišů z hindské a indoperské literatury (Czech translation), Plzeň/Pilsen: Siddhaika, 2014,ISBN9788090513020.
2001a.Sufis and Soldiers in Awrangzeb's Deccan, Delhi: Oxford University PressISBN9780195644616.
2006a.Richard Burton: The Indian Making of an Arabist, Jersey: Orient MonographsISBN9780903971027.
1957. 'Some Notes towards the Classification of Muslim Copper and Brass Work in the Museum',Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Bombay, 1955–1957, 5: pp. 15–23.
1964a. 'Pir Hasan Shah and the History of Kashmir',Indian Economic and Social History Review, 1, 3: pp. 3–7.doi:10.1177/001946466400100306
1964b. 'A Seventeenth Century Indo-Portuguese Writing Cabinet',Bulletin of the Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, 8: pp. 23–28.
1967. 'The Literary Evidence for Painting in the Delhi Sultanate',Bulletin of the American Academy of Benares, 1, 1: pp. 47–58.
1970a. 'Encounters with Jogīs in Indian Sūfī Hagiography', Proceedings of the Seminar on Aspects of Religion in South Asia, cyclostyle, SOAS University of London.PDF.
1970b. 'Iletmish or Iltutmish? A reconsideration of the name of the Dehlī Sultan'.Iran 8: pp. 57–64.doi:10.2307/4299632
1971b. 'Humāyūn', in P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs (eds),Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Leiden: Brill.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2955
1972. 'A Medieval Kashmiri Bronze Vase',Art and Archaeology Research Papers.
1973a. 'The Bhugola of Ksema karna: a Dated Sixteenth century piece of Indian Metalware',Art and Archaeology Research Papers, pp. 10–31.
1973b. 'A Corpus of 'Mughal' Glass',Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 36, 1: 80–88.doi:10.1017/S0041977X00098001
1973c. 'The Fate of Dāniyāl, Prince of Bengal, in the Light of an Unpublished Inscription',Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 36, 3: pp. 588–602.doi:10.1017/S0041977X0011986X
1974a. 'More Historic Kashmir Metalwork?',Iran 12: pp. 181–185.doi:10.2307/4300509
1974b. 'A Qur'an from the East African Coast',Art and Archaeology Research Papers, pp. 50–55.
1974c. 'The Coinage and Genealogy of the Later Jams of Sind',Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, pp. 125–134.doi:10.1017/S0035869X00157491
1975a. 'The Tomb of Buhlūl Lōdī'.Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 38, 3: pp. 550–561.doi:10.1017/S0041977X00048084
1975b. 'Abd al-Quddus Gangohi (1456–1537 A.D.): the Personality and Attitudes of a Medieval Indian Sufi Shaykh', inMedieval India: a Miscellany, volume III, Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University, pp. 1–66.ISBN9780210405819
1975c. 'The Waterseller’s Pilgrimage',Lycidas, Wolfson College, Oxford, 3: pp. 20–21.
1976. 'Sufis and Travellers in the Early Dehli Sultanate: the Evidence of the Fawā‘id al-fu’ād', in Attar Singh (ed.),Socio-Cultural Impact of Islam on India, Chandigarh: University of the Punjab, pp. 171–177. [Second edition 2002,ISBN9788185322292]
1978d. 'Iṣṭabl', (with F. Viré, G. S. Colin, and C. E. Bosworth) inEncyclopaedia of Islam, 2, Leiden: Brill.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0392
1979c. 'Popular Mughal illustrations of Omens', in Toby Falk and Simon Digby,Paintings from Mughal India. London: Colnaghi, pp. 13–19.
1979d. 'A Shah-nama Illustrated in a popular Mughal Style', in Simmonds and Digby, ed.,The Royal Asiatic Society: its History and Treasures, London, pp. 111–115.
1980a. 'Coinage in the Reign of Sultan Feroz Tughluq—a Literary Reference',Numismatic Digest 4, 2: pp. 26–31.
1980b. 'The Broach Coin-Hoard as Evidence of the Import of Valuta across the Arabian Sea during the 13th and 14th and Centuries',Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2: pp. 129–138.doi:10.1017/S0035869X00136299
1981 [1979]. 'Muhammad bin Tughluq’s Last Years in Kathiavad and His Invasions of Thattha', in H. Khuhro (ed.),Sind Through the Centuries, Karachi: Oxford University Press, pp. 130–138.
1982b, c, d. 'Economic Conditions before 1200'doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521226929.004, 'The Currency System' and 'The Maritime Trade of India'doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521226929.009, in T. Raychaudhuri and I. Habib (eds),The Cambridge Economic History of India, Volume I: c. 1200–c. 1750, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1983. 'Early Pilgrimages to the Graves of Mu‘īn al-Dīn and other Chishtī Shaikhs', in M. Israel and N. K. Wagle (eds),Islamic Society and Culture, New Delhi, pp. 95–100.
1984a. 'Qalandars and Related Groups: Elements of Social Deviance in the Religious Life of the Dehlī Sultanate of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries', in J. Friedmann (ed.),Islam in Asia, volume I, Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, pp. 60–108.
1984b. 'The Tuhfa-i nasa’ih of Yusuf Gada: An Ethical Treatise in Verse from the Late-Fourteenth Century Delhī Sultanate'. InMoral Conduct and Authority: The Place of Adab in South Asian Islam, ed. Barbara Daly Metcalf, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 91–123.
1985. 'When did the Sun Temple fall down?' (with J. C. Harle),South Asian Studies, 1: pp.1–7.
1986a. 'The Sufi Shaykh as a Source of Authority in Medieval India',Puruṣārtha 9: pp. 57–77.
1986b. 'Tabarrukat and Succession among the Great Chishti Shaykhs of the Delhi Sultanate', in Frykenberg (ed.),Delhi Through the Ages, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 62–103.
1989. 'An Eighteenth Century Narrative of a Journey from Bengal to England: Munshi Isma'il's New History', in C. Shackle, ed.,Urdu and Muslim South Asia: Studies in Honour of Ralph Russell, London: SOAS, 49–66;Tārīkh-i jadīd : safarnāmah-i Munshī Ismā'īl bih Ingilistān (1185 HQ/1771 M): ... tarjumah khulāṣah-i Tārīkh-i jadīd bih zabān-i Ingilīsī, fihrist-i nushkhah'hā-yi khaṭṭī-i ganjīnah-i Sāymūn Digby bih zabān-i Ingilīsī va Fārsī (Persian translation), ed./tr. Najībah 'Ārif, Qum: Majma dhakhair Islami, 2021ISBN9786227435542.
1990a. 'The Naqshbandis in the Deccan in the Late Seventeenth and Early Eighteenth Century A.D.: Bābā Palangposh, Bābā Musāfir and Their Adherents', in M. Gaborieau, A. Popovic and T. Zarcone (eds),Naqshbandis: cheminements et situation actuelle d’un ordre mystique musulman, Istanbul: Isis, pp. 167–207.
1990b. 'The Sufi Shaykh and the Sultan: a Conflict of Claims to Authority in Medieval India',Iran 28: pp. 71–81.
1990c. 'Hawk and dove in Sufi combat', in C. Melville (ed.),Pembroke Papers 1; Persian and Islamic studies in honour of P. W. Avery, Cambridge, pp. 7–25.
1991. 'Flower-Teeth and the Bickford Censer: the identification of a Ninth-century Kashmiri Bronze',South Asian Studies 7: pp. 37–44.
1992. 'The Mother-of-pearl Overlaid Furniture of Gujarat: an Indian Handicraft of the 16th and 17th Centuries', in Skelton et al. (eds),Facets of Indian Art, London: Victoria and Albert Museum, pp. 213–222.
1993a. 'Some Asian Wanderers in Seventeenth-Century India',Studies in History 9, 2: pp. 247–264.
1994a. 'Anecdotes of a provincial Sufi of the Delhi sultanate, Khwaja Gurg of Kara',Iran, 32: pp. 99–109.
1994b. 'To ride a Tiger or a Wall? Strategies of Prestige in Indian Sufi Legend', in Callewaert and Snell (eds),According to Tradition. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 99–129.
1995. 'Illustrated Books of Omens from Gujarat or Rajasthan', in J. Guy (ed.),Indian Art and Conoisseurship: Essays in Honour of Douglas Barrett, Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, pp. 393–360.
1996. 'The Arab and Gulf Horse in Medieval India', in David Alexander (ed.),Furusiyya: the Horse in the Art of the Near East, Riyadh: The King Abdulaziz Public Library, pp. 162–167.
1997a. 'From Ladakh to Lahore in 1820–1821: the Account of a Kashmiri Traveller',Journal of Central Asian Studies, Srinagar, 8, 1: pp. 3–27.
1998a. 'Tulsipur Fair, or the Boy Missionary: a Model for Kipling’s Kim',Indian International Centre Quarterly (Spring): pp. 106–125.
1998b. 'Before the Babas came to India : a Reconstruction of the Earlier Lives of Baba Sa’id Palangposh and Baba Musafir in "Wilayat"',Iran 36: pp. 139–164.
1998c. 'Travels in Ladakh 1820–21 : the Account of Moorcroft's Munshi, Hajji Sayyid Najaf ‘Ali, of his Travels',Asian Affairs 19, 3: pp. 299–311.
1999. 'Beyond the Ocean: Perceptions of Overseas in Indo-Persian Stories of the Mughal period',Studies in History, 15, 2: pp. 247–259.
2001b. 'The Indo-Persian Historiography of the Lodī Sultans', in F. Grimal (ed.),Les Sources et le temps, Pondicherry: École française d’Extrême Orient, pp. 243–261.
2003a. 'Two Captains of the Jawnpur Sultanate', inJos Gommans and Om Prakash (eds),Circumambulations in South Asian History: Essays in Honour of Dirk H. A. Kolff, Leiden: Brill, pp. 159–178.
2003b. 'Le récit du Lieutenant Sterndale, retrouvé et transcrit par Simon Digby', Appendice 1, pp. 225–229; 'Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi's Visit to Chanderi, circa 1482', Appendice 6, pp. 263–265; 'La conquête de Chanderi par Babur: traduction d’un extrait du Ta’rīkh-i-Shāhī parAhmad Yādgār', Appendice 8, pp. 273-275, in G. Fussman et al.,Chanderi I: Naissance et déclin d’une qasba: Chanderi du Xe au XVIIIe siècle, Paris.
2004a. 'Before Timur came: the Provincialization of the Dehli Sultanate through the Fourteenth Century',Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 47, 3: pp. 298–356.
2004b. 'The Hero and his Brother the Wonder-Horse: a Nepali/Celtic Parallel', inDe l’Arabie à l’Himalaya: Chemins croisés en hommage à Marc Gaborieau, ed. Véronique Bouillier and Catherine Servan-Schreiber, Paris, pp. 105–121.
2004c. 'Travels with Robert', inArts of Mughal India: Studies in honour of Robert Skelton, ed. R. Crill et al., London/Ahmadabad, pp. 14–19.
2004d. 'Bāyazīd Beg Turkmān's Pilgrimage to Makka: a Sixteenth Century Narrative',Iran, 42.
2006b. 'Ganj: the Game of treasure from Mughal India',South Asian Studies 22, 1: pp. 69–88.
2007a. 'Beatings and the sensation of release among the followers of Bābā Musāfir',Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 33: pp. 487–494.
2007b. 'Export industries and handicraft production under the Sultans of Kashmir',The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 44, 4: pp. 407–423.
2007c. 'Between ancient and modern in Kashmir: The Rule and Role of Sultans and Sufis (1200/1300-1600)', inThe Arts of Kashmir, ed. Pratapaditya Pal, New York, pp. 114–125.
2009. 'Kipling’s Indian Magic',Indian International Centre Quarterly, Summer: pp. 58–67.
2014. 'After Timur Left: North India in the Fifteenth Century', inAfter Timur Left: Culture and Circulation in Fifteenth Century North India, ed. Francesca Orsini and Samira Sheikh, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, pp. 47–59.
1963. S. C. Misra & M. L. Rahman,The Mirat-i-S̲ikandiri... of Shaikh Sikandar Ibn Muhammad ’urf Manjhu Ibn Akbar, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1/2: pp. 106–107.
1967. S. A. A. Rizvi,Muslim Revivalist Movements in Northern India in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 30, 1: pp. 206–207.
1967. M. R. Tarafdar,Ḥusain S̱ẖāhī Bengal, 1494-1538 A. D.: A Socio-Political Study, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 30, 3: pp. 713–715.
1967. S. M. I. al-Din,The "Tārīkh-i-Sher Shāhī" of 'Abbas K̲h̲ān Sarwānī, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1/2: p. 46.
1967. R. Shyam,The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1/2: pp. 45–46.
1968. J. M. Banerjee,History of Firuz Shah Tughluq, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 31, 3: pp. 630–631.
1968. B. N. Goswamy and J. S. Grewal,The Mughals and the Jogis of Jakhbar, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3–4: pp. 195–197.
1969. S. Nilsson,European Architecture in India, 1750–1850, inArchitectural Design 46, 2.
1969. H. K. Sherwani,Muḥammad-Qulī Quṭb Shāh, Founder of Haidarabad, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 32, 1: pp. 176–178.
1969. M. H. Case,South Asian History, 1750-1950: A Guide to Periodicals, Dissertations and Newspapers, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 32, 1: pp. 180–182.
1969. A. C. Roy,History of Bengal: Mughal Period (1526-1765 A. D.), inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 32, 1: p. 229.
1969. M. A. Ali,The Mughal Nobility under Aurangzeb, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1: pp. 91–93.
1969. G. N. Jalbani,Teachings of Shah Waliyullah of Delhi, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1: p. 95.
1970. D. A. Low, J. C. Iltis, & M. D. Wainwright,Government Archives in South Asia: A Guide to National and State Archives in Ceylon, India and Pakistan, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33, 2: pp. 418–419.
1970. R. K. Parmoo,A History of Muslim Rule in Kashmir, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33, 3: pp. 648–650.
1970. A. M. Husain,Futūḥu’ssalāṯīn, or Shāh nāmah-i Hind of ’Iṣāmī. Vol. I., inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33, 3: pp. 651–654.
1970. H. K. Naqvi,Urban Centres and Industries in Upper India, 1556-1803, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33, 3: pp. 654–656.
1970.Medieval India: A Miscellany. Vol. 1, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 33, 3: pp. 696–697.
1970. W. H. McLeod,Gurū Nānak and the Sikh religion, inIndian Economic and Social History Review 7, 2: pp. 301–313.
1971. J. N. Sarkar,The Military Despatches of a Seventeenth Century Indian General, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2: pp. 200–201.
1971. S. B. P. Nigam,Nobility under the Sultans of Delhi, A. D. 1206-1398, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 1: p. 168.
1971. G. Cannon,The Letters of Sir William Jones, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 1: pp. 169–172.
1971. N. A. Siddiqi,Land Revenue Administration under the Mughals (1700-1750), inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 2: pp. 417–418.
1971. B. N. Goswamy & J. S. Grewal,The Mughal and Sikh Rulers and the Vaishnavas of Pindori: A Historical Interpretation of 52 Persian Documents, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 2: pp. 418–420.
1971. E. Fischer and H. Shah,Rural Craftsmen and their Work: Equipment and Techniques in the Mor Village of Ratadi in Saurashtra, India, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 2: p. 421.
1971. A. Ahmad & G. E. von Grunebaum,Muslim Self-Statement in India and Pakistan, 1857-1968, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 34, 3: pp. 618–620.
1971. T. Raychaudhuri,Bengal under Akbar and Jahangir: an Introductory Study in Social History, inThe Indian Economic and Social History Review 8, 1: pp. 99-103.doi:10.1177/001946467100800106
1972. S. Crowe et al.,The Gardens of Mughal India, inArchitectural Design 43, 3: p. 6.
1972. H. L. Gottschalk, B. Spuler, & H. Kähler,Die Kultur des Islams, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 1: p. 141.
1972. I. H. Siddiqui,History of Sher Shah Sur, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 1: pp. 171–172.
1972. D. Forrest,Tiger of Mysore: The Life and Death of Tipu Sultan, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 1: p. 174.
1972. M. A. Nayeem,The Philatelic and Postal History of Hyderabad. Vol. One. History of Postal Administration in Hyderabad, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 1: pp. 203–204.
1972. A. Ahmad,An Intellectual History of Islam in India, inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2: pp. 157–159.
1972. R. Russell, K. Islam,Ghalib, 1797-1869. Vol. I: Life and Letters, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 3: pp. 640–641.
1972. J. S. Grewal,Muslim Rule in India: The Assessments of British Historians, inBulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 35, 3: pp. 643–644.
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