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Simiolus

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Extinct genus of primates

Simiolus Temporal range:Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Infraorder:	Simiiformes
Family:	†Dendropithecidae
Genus:	†Simiolus Leakey & Leakey, 1987

Simiolus is an extinct genus ofdendropithecid primates. It was described byMary Leakey andRichard Leakey in 1987, and the type species isS. enjiessi, which existed during theMiocene ofKenya. Thespecies epithet is a phonetic pun on the acronymNGS.^[1] A new species,S. andrewsi, also from the middle Miocene of Kenya, was described by Terry Harrison in 2010.^[2] In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the smallest knownape,Simiolus minutus, which weighed approximately 8 lb (3.6 kg), and lived about 12.5 million years ago inKenya inEast Africa.^[3]^[4]

Species

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Simiolus enjiessiLeakey & Leakey, 1987
Simiolus leakeyorum^[a]
Simiolus cheptumoaePickford & Kunimatsu, 2005
Simiolus andrewsiHarrison, 2010
Simiolus minutusRossie & Hill, 2018

Notes

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^Based on new material found on Maboko Island, Kenya, it has been argued^[5]^[6] that the taxon presently referred to asMicropithecus leakeyorum should be transferred to the genusSimiolus. However, a full analysis of this material has not yet been published. As such, most of the published material that would belong toSimiolus leakeyorum is referred to in the literature asMicropithecus leakeyorum^[2]

References

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^Page 182,The ape in the tree: an intellectual & natural history of Proconsul, by Alan Walker, Pat Shipman. Harvard University Press, 2005.ISBN 0674016750/ISBN 9780674016750
^^a ^bHarrison, Terry (2010). "Chapter 24: Dendropithecoidea, Proconsuloidea, and Hominoidea (Catarrhini, Primates)". In Werdelin, L.; Sanders, W.J. Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. University of California Press. pp. 429–469.ISBN 978-0-520-25721-4.
^St. Fleur, Nicholas (5 November 2018)."Tiniest Ape Ever Discovered Hints at the Rise of the Monkeys - The newly identified extinct primate weighed slightly less than an average house cat".The New York Times. Retrieved7 November 2018.
^James B. Rossie; Andrew Hill (2018). "A new species ofSimiolus from the middle Miocene of the Tugen Hills, Kenya".Journal of Human Evolution.125:50–58.Bibcode:2018JHumE.125...50R.doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.09.002.PMID 30502897.S2CID 54625375.
^Benefit, B. R. (1991)."The taxonomic status of Maboko small apes".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.34 (suppl. 12):50–51.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330340505.
^Gitau, S. N.; Benefit, B. R. (1995). "New evidence concerning the facial morphology of Simiolus leakeyorum from Maboko Island".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.38 (suppl. 20): 99.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330380505.

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Simiolus	Wikidata:Q7517851 EoL:4529660 GBIF:5428922 Open Tree of Life:4941638 Paleobiology Database:132668

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