Simeon | |
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| Bishop and Martyr | |
| Born | c. 63 or 70 Galilee,Judaea Province |
| Died | c. 107 or 117 AD Jerusalem,Judaea Province |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church Lutheran Church |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Feast | February 18 (Western Christianity) April 27 (Eastern Christianity) |
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Simeon of Jerusalem, orSimon ofClopas (Hebrew:שמעון הקלפוס), was aJewish Christian leader and according to most Christian traditions the secondBishop of Jerusalem (63 or 70–107 or 117), succeedingJames, brother of Jesus. Simeon is sometimes identified withSimon, brother of Jesus, and has also been identified with theApostleSimon the Zealot.
In hisChurch HistoryEusebius of Caesarea gives the list of these bishops.[1] According to tradition the first bishop of Jerusalem wasJames the Just, the "brother of the Lord", who according to Eusebius said that he was appointed bishop by the apostlesPeter, James (whom Eusebius identifies withJames, son of Zebedee), andJohn.[2]
According to Eusebius, Simeon of Jerusalem was selected as James' successor after the conquest of Jerusalem which took place immediately after the martyrdom of James (i.e. no later than 70 AD) which puts the account in agreement with that ofFlavius Josephus, who puts James' first arrest and subsequent release by ProcuratorLucceius Albinus in 63 AD[3][4] and the modern footnotes show that his martyrdom took place some years afterwards, shortly before thedestruction of Jerusalem.
After the martyrdom of James and the conquest of Jerusalem which immediately followed, it is said that those of the apostles and disciples of the Lord that were still living came together from all directions with those that were related to the Lord according to the flesh (for the majority of them also were still alive) to take counsel as to who was worthy to succeed James. They all with one consent pronounced Symeon, the son ofClopas, of whom the Gospel also makes mention; to be worthy of the episcopal throne of that parish. He was a cousin, as they say, of the Saviour. For Hegesippus records that Clopas was a brother of Joseph.[5]
According toHegesippus,[6] Simeon prevailed against Thebutis, whom the church fathers deemed aheresiarch,[7] and led most of the Christians toPella before the outbreak of theFirst Jewish–Roman War in 66 and the destruction ofHerod's Temple in 70.
According to Eusebius, Simeon was executed about the year 107 or 117 under the reign of emperorTrajan by the proconsul Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes in Jerusalem or the vicinity.[8] However, this must be a mistake by Eusebius because the administrator (Legate) of theRoman province of Judea at the time of the crucifixion wasQuintus Pompeius Falco (between 105 and 107 AD) and Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes was there much earlier, from 99 to 102 AD.
Simeon is sometimes identified withSimon, the "brother of the Lord", who is mentioned in passing in the Bible (Matthew 13:55, Mark 6:3) and pointing toHegesippus referring to him as the second bishop of Jerusalem and as a cousin of Jesus. Otherexegetes consider the brothers to be actual brothers and Hegesippus' wording as subsuming both James and Simeon under a more general term.[9]
He has also been identified with the ApostleSimon the Zealot.[10][11]
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