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Silanes

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Class of organosilicon compounds with the formula SiR4

Inorganosilicon chemistry,silanes are a diverse class of charge-neutralorganic compounds with the general formulaSiR₄. The Rsubstituents can be any combination of organic^[1] orinorganic groups.^[2] Most silanes contain Si-C bonds, and are discussed underorganosilicon compounds. Some contain Si-H bonds and are discussed underhydrosilanes.

Examples

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SilaneSiH
₄, the parent.
Binary silicon-hydrogen compounds (which are sometimes called silanes also) includes silane itself but also compounds with Si-Si bonds includingdisilane and longer chains.
Silanes with one, two, three, or four Si-H bonds are calledhydrosilanes. Silane is again the parent member. Examples:triethylsilane (HSi(C
₂H
₅)
₃) andtriethoxysilane (HSi(OC
₂H
₅)
₃).
Polysilanes are organosilicon compounds with the formula(R
₂Si)
_n. They feature Si-Si bonds. Attracting more interest are the organic derivatives such as polydimethylsilane((CH
₃)
₂Si)
_n.Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane((CH
₃)
₂Si)
₆ is an oligomer of such materials. Formally speaking, polysilanes also include compounds of the type(SiH₂)n, but these less studied.
Carbosilanes are polymeric silanes with alternating Si-C bonds.
Chlorosilanes have Si-Cl bonds. The dominant examples come from theDirect process, i.e., (CH₃)_4-xSiCl_x. Another important member istrichlorosilane (SiHCl
₃).
Organosilanes are a class of charge-neutralorganosilicon compounds. Example:tetramethylsilane (Si(CH
₃)
₄)

By tradition, compounds with Si-O-Si bonds are usually not referred to as silanes. Instead, they are calledsiloxanes. One example ishexamethyldisiloxane,((CH
₃)
₃Si)
₂O.