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Sigtrygg Runestones

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hedeby stones

The twoSigtrygg Runestones, designated asDR 2 andDR 4 in theRundata catalog, are two of theHedeby stones that were found inSchleswig-Holstein,Germany, which during theViking Age was part ofDenmark. Therunestones were raised after the Danish kingSigtrygg Gnupasson by his mother Ásfriðr. Together with the account ofAdam of Bremen, the two inscriptions constitute evidence for theHouse of Olaf on the Danish throne.[1]

The stones are dated as being carved after 934 C.E. as the historianWidukind of Corvey recorded that KingGnupa, who is mentioned in both inscriptions, was forced to pay a tribute to the German king in that year.[2]

DR 2

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DR 2

DR 2 was found at Haddeby in Schleswig-Holstein in 1797. At one time, scholars considered the word and rune selection on this runestone, when compared with the inscription on DR 4, along with other inscriptions as evidence of Swedish influence in Denmark during the 10th century.[2] For example, although both DR 2 and DR 4 use theYounger Futhark, DR 2 uses "short twig" style runes for the n- and a-runes.[3] However, in recent years this has been downplayed after it was shown that part of the evidence was actually due to a misdating of another runestone and the possible misspellings of some words in the inscriptions.[2]

A

ᚭᛋᚠᚱᛁᚦᚱ

osfriþr

Asfriþr

:

:

 

ᚴᛆᚱᚦᛁ

karþi

gærþi

:

:

 

ᚴᚢ

kumbl

kumbl

 

'

 

 

þaun

þøn

ᚭᚠᛏ

oft

æft

:

:

 

ᛋᛁᚴᛏᚱᛁᚴᚢ

siktriku

Sigtryg,

 

:

 

ᚭᛋᚠᚱᛁᚦᚱ : ᚴᛆᚱᚦᛁ : ᚴᚢ {} {} ᚭᚠᛏ : ᛋᛁᚴᛏᚱᛁᚴᚢ {}

osfriþr : karþi : kumbl ' þaun oft : siktriku :

Asfriþr {} gærþi {} kumbl {} þøn æft {} Sigtryg, {}

Ásfriðr made the memorial after Sigtrygg

B

ᛋᚢᚿ

sun

sun

 

(:)

 

(ᛋ)ᛁᚿ

(s)in

sin

:

:

 

ᚭᚢᛁ

oui

ok

:

:

 

ᚴᚿᚢᛒᚢ

knubu

Gnupu.

ᛋᚢᚿ {} (ᛋ)ᛁᚿ : ᚭᚢᛁ : ᚴᚿᚢᛒᚢ

sun (:) (s)in : oui : knubu

sun {} sin {} ok {} Gnupu.

her son together with Gnupa

DR 4

[edit]
The runestone DR 4 was raised after Sigtrygg by his mother.

DR 4 was discovered in 1887 on the ramparts ofGottorf Castle.[2] Prior to the recognition of the historical significance of runestones, they were often used as construction materials for roads, walls, and buildings.

A

osfriþr

Asfriþr

÷

 

karþi

gærþi

kubl

kumbl

÷

 

þausi

þøsi,

÷

 

tutiʀ

dottiR

÷

 

uþinkaurs

Oþinkors,

÷

 

oft

æft

÷

 

siktriuk

Sigtryg

÷

 

kunuk

kunung,

÷

 

osfriþr ÷ karþi kubl ÷ þausi ÷ tutiʀ ÷ uþinkaurs ÷ oft ÷ siktriuk ÷ kunuk ÷

Asfriþr {} gærþi kumbl {} þøsi, {} dottiR {} Oþinkors, {} æft {} Sigtryg {} kunung, {}

Ásfriðr made the memorial, the daughter of Odinkar, after King Sigtrygg,

B

÷

 

sun

sun

÷

 

sin

sin

÷

 

÷

 

auk

ok

÷

 

knubu

Gnupu.

÷

 

÷ sun ÷ sin ÷ ÷ auk ÷ knubu ÷

{} sun {} sin {} {} ok {} Gnupu. {}

her son together with Gnupa.

C

kurmʀ

Gormʀ

(÷)

 

raist

rest

(÷)

 

run(a)(ʀ)

runaʀ.

(÷)

 

kurmʀ (÷) raist (÷) run(a)(ʀ) (÷)

Gormʀ {} rest {} runaʀ. {}

Gorm made the runes

See also

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References

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  1. ^Skovgaard-Petersen, Inge (2003). "The Making of the Danish Kingdom". In Helle, Knut (ed.).The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge University Press. p. 174.ISBN 0-521-47299-7.
  2. ^abcdNielsen, Michael Lerche (2000). "Swedish Influence in Danic Runic Inscriptions". In Düwel, Klaus (ed.).Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 127–147.ISBN 3-11-016978-9.
  3. ^Barnes, Michael P. (2000). "The Hedeby Inscriptions, the Short-Twig Runes, and the Question of Early Scandinavian Dialect Markers". In Düwel, Klaus; et al. (eds.).Reallexikon der Germanischen Alterturnskunde. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 101–108.ISBN 3-11-016978-9.

External links

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