| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Tabloid |
| Founder | José Rubén Zamora |
| Founded | 1990 |
| Language | Spanish |
| Headquarters | Guatemala City |
| Website | http://www.s21.com.gt/ |
Siglo Veintiuno (English:Twenty-First Century) or stylizedSiglo XXI is aGuatemalan daily newspaper. Founded in 1990 byJosé Rubén Zamora, the paper earned a reputation for independent, high-risk reporting. In 1995, its staff won theInternational Press Freedom Awards of theCommittee to Protect Journalists and Zamora has won several individual awards for his work with the paper.
Founded in 1990 by José Rubén Zamora, the paper advocated judicial and tax reforms and reported on dangerous subjects including narcotics smuggling, human rights issues, guerrilla groups, and corruption in the government of PresidentJorge Serrano. As a result, Zamora and the staff received death threats and were subject to physical attacks.[1]
Three years later,Guatemala saw a constitutional crisis, in which Serrano suspended the constitution and dissolvedCongress. He also instituted press censorship, surrounding theSiglo Veintiuno offices with national police forces. During this period, Zamora satirized the censorship by renaming the paperSiglo Catorce ("14th Century") and running stories covered in solid blocks of ink; he also faxed uncensored versions of the stories to newspapers in neighboring countries. TheInternational Press Institute credits this clandestine reporting with contributing to Serrano's condemnation by the international community and his eventual flight from the country.[1]
Zamora and other staff members were attacked several times in connection with their reporting. In 1995, Zamora's car was driven off the road by two people who threatened to kill him for publishing allegations inSiglo Veintiuno that themilitary of Guatemala had links to organized crime. In May 1996, attackers drove past his parked car, throwing two grenades at it; Zamora was unhurt.[1]
In May 1996, Zamora left the paper following disagreements with its board of directors and founded a new paper,El Periódico.[1]
In 1995, Zamora and theSiglo Veintiuno staff wonInternational Press Freedom Awards from theCommittee to Protect Journalists, which recognize courage in defending press freedom despite facing attacks, threats, or imprisonment.[2] In the same year, Zamora won theMaria Moors Cabot Prize fromColumbia University "for promoting press freedom and inter-American understanding".[3] In 2000, he was named one of 50World Press Freedom Heroes of the 20th century by theInternational Press Institute.[4] The citation stated that "Zamora and Siglo Veintiuno were in the forefront of a civilian resistance that forced President Jorge Serrano Elias to relinquish his post after he attempted to seize dictatorial power in 1993."[1]