TheSienese school ofpainting flourished inSiena,Italy, between the 13th and 15th centuries. Its most important artists includeDuccio, whose work showsByzantine influence, his pupilSimone Martini, the brothersPietro andAmbrogio Lorenzetti andDomenico andTaddeo di Bartolo,Sassetta, andMatteo di Giovanni.
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Duccio may be considered the "father of Sienese painting".[1] The brothersPietro andAmbrogio Lorenzetti were "responsible for a crucial development in Sienese art, moving from the tradition inherited from Duccio towards aGothic style, incorporating the innovations in Florence introduced byGiotto andArnolfo di Cambio".[2]
"Sienese art flourished even when Siena itself had begun to decline economically and politically. And while the artists of 15th-century Siena did not enjoy the widespread patronage and respect that their 14th-century ancestors had received, the paintings and illuminated manuscripts they produced form one of the undervalued treasures in the bounty of Italian art."[3]
In the late 15th century, Siena "finally succumbed" to theFlorentine school's teachings on perspective and naturalistic representation, absorbing its "humanist culture".[3] In the 16th century the ManneristsBeccafumi andIl Sodoma worked there. WhileBaldassare Peruzzi was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it also meant that a good proportion of Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed.
UnlikeFlorentine art, Sienese art opted for a more decorative style and rich colors, with "thinner, elegant, and courtly figures".[4] It also has "a mystical streak...characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, with less attention to proportions, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration".[3] Sienese painters did not paint portraits, allegories, or classical myths.[5]
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