| Siege of Blair Castle | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theJacobite rising of 1745 | |||||||
 Blair Castle | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Government:Royal Scots Fusiliers |  Jacobites:Clan Murray Clan Macpherson | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Sir Andrew Agnew[1] | Lord George Murray | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 300 | 1,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
 | |||||||
Thesiege of Blair Castle was a conflict that took place inScotland in March 1746 and was part of theJacobite rising of 1745.[2] It was fought between Scottish forces loyal to the British-Hanoverian government ofGeorge II of Great Britain, which defendedBlair Castle near the village ofBlair Atholl inPerthshire, and Scottish Jacobite forces loyal to theHouse of Stuart.[2]
In February 1746,Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, arrived atPerth in command of the king’s army. The Duke sent two detachments from several regiments of infantry to secure the area of Atholl. One detachment of 200 men, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Webster, was sent to occupyCastle Menzies, home of the chief of theClan Menzies, Sir Robert Menzies of Weem.[2] This was in order to secure passage of the Tay bridge.[2] A second detachment of 300 men commanded bySir Andrew Agnew, 5th Baronet, who was Lieutenant Colonel of theRoyal Scots Fusiliers (and chief ofClan Agnew), was sent to take up post atBlair Castle.[2]
Blair Castle was the seat ofJames Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl (chief ofClan Murray). The Duke of Atholl actually supported the British Government, but most of his clan supported the Jacobite House of Stuart and were under the command of his brotherLord George Murray.[2]
On the morning of 17 March, all of the detached outposts surrounding the castle were taken by surprise and captured by the Jacobites, and the government soldiers of the outposts were made prisoners.[2] The rebel Jacobites then proceeded to fire at the castle from close range.[2] The government garrison, now reduced to about 270, was ordered to different parts of the castle with orders not to fire unless they were attacked.[2]
In the afternoon of the 17th, Lord George Murray andEwen MacPherson of Cluny (chief ofClan Macpherson) had by this time set up their headquarters at the village of Blair, which is about a quarter of a mile to the southeast of the castle. They sent a summons to the castle requiring Andrew Agnew to surrender the castle, garrison, military stores, and provisions into the hands of Lord George Murray.[2] The terms of surrender were refused by Agnew.[2]
On 19 March, Agnew sent out a man on horse in an attempt to reach theEarl of Crawford, who was the general officer commanding some British cavalry andHessian troops, supposedly at Perth or Dunkeld. However, this was assumed to have failed when a short time later a Jacobite was seen on the horse that the messenger had been sent out on.[2]
On 1 April, news reached the garrison that Lord George Murray and his men had left Blair. This is believed to have been because Murray had received an order to join the forces of theYoung PretenderCharles Edward Stuart nearInverness.[2]
On 2 April, George Lindsay-Crawford, 21st Earl of Crawford, arrived with cavalry to relieve the garrison. It turned out that the man sent out by Agnew had fallen from his horse when being fired at by the Jacobites. The messenger escaped on foot and was able to make contact with Crawford.[2] Agnew's men had been close to starvation when the siege was lifted.[1]
Lord George Murray and his men met up with the army of Charles Edward Stuart and were defeated a few weeks later at theBattle of Culloden. TheRoyal Scots Fusiliers also fought at Culloden, but on the British Government side.