Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | |||||
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 The south side of Shinjuku Station in November 2022 | |||||
| General information | |||||
| Location | Shinjuku andShibuya wards,Tokyo Japan | ||||
| Coordinates | 35°41′26″N139°41′58″E / 35.69056°N 139.69944°E /35.69056; 139.69944 | ||||
| Operated by | |||||
| Connections | |||||
| Other information | |||||
| Status | Active | ||||
| History | |||||
| Opened | 1 March 1885; 140 years ago (1885-03-01) | ||||
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Shinjuku Station (新宿駅,Shinjuku-eki) is a major railway station inTokyo, Japan, that serves as the main connecting hub for rail traffic between central/eastern Tokyo (thespecial wards) andWestern Tokyo on theinter-city rail,commuter rail, andsubway lines. The station straddles the boundary between theShinjuku andShibuya special wards. In Shinjuku, it is in theNishi-Shinjuku and Shinjuku districts; in Shibuya, it is in theYoyogi andSendagaya districts.
The station was used by an average of 3.59 million people per day in 2018, making it theworld's busiest railway station by far (and registered as such withGuinness World Records).[1] The mainEast Japan Railway Company (JR East) station and the directly adjacent private railways have a total of 35 platforms, an underground arcade, above-ground arcade and numerous hallways with another 17 platforms (52 total) that can be accessed through hallways to five directly connected stations without surfacing outside. The entire above/underground complex has well over 200 exits.
Shinjuku Station opened in 1885 as a stop onNippon Railway's Akabane-Shinagawa line (now part of theYamanote Line). Thekanji "新宿"shin juku literally stand for "new (relay-)station". Shinjuku was still a quiet community at the time and the station was not heavily trafficked at first. When the Kobu Railway (now a part of theChūō Main Line) opened between Shinjuku andTachikawa Station in 1889, farms were still present near the station. TheKeiō Line connected to the station from the west in 1915. Around this period, the east side of the station, where theNaito Shinjuku [ja], a formerShukuba existed, was bustling with people. When the1923 Great Kantō earthquake happened, the area located in the east side of the station received relatively small damage compared toNihonbashi. Since the station was a convenient place to travel, many stores relocated near the station after the earthquake.Odakyu Electric Railway opened theOdakyū Odawara Line from Shinjuku toOdawara in 1927. As the platforms of the station were at the west side of the station, traffic in the west exit increased, although it did not compare to that of the east exit.[2]
Japanese government urban planner Kensaburo Kondo designed a major revamp of the station in 1933, which included a large public square on the west side completed in 1941. Kondo's plan also called for extending theTokyu Toyoko Line to a new underground terminal on the west side of the station and constructing an east–west underground line that would be served by theSeibu Railway and the Tokyo Kosoku Railway (forerunner ofTokyo Metro), while the Keio and Odakyu lines would use above-ground terminals to the west of the JR station. These plans were suspended upon the onset ofWorld War II but influenced the current layout of the station area.[3] During World War II, American bombings damaged thesubstation Keio used to power the railway line, resulting in reduced voltage. This prevented Keio services from using the bridges at the formerKōshū Kaidō. The Keio Shinjuku Station's platforms were forced to relocate to the west side of the station as a result.[2]
TheSeibu Shinjuku Line was extended fromTakadanobaba Station toSeibu Shinjuku Station in 1952. Seibu Shinjuku was built as a temporary station pending a planned redevelopment of the east side of Shinjuku Station, which was to feature a large station building that would house a new Seibu terminal on its second floor. Seibu abandoned its plan to use the building due to a lack of space for trains longer than six cars; the building is now known as Lumine Est and retains some design features originally intended to accommodate the Seibu terminal (in particular, a very high ceiling on the first floor and a very low ceiling on the second floor). In the late 1980s, Seibu planned to build an underground terminal on the east side of Shinjuku but indefinitely postponed the plan in 1995 due to costs and declining passenger growth.[3]
On 8 August 1967, a freight train carryingjet fuel bound for the U.S. air bases atTachikawa andYokota collided with another freight train and caught fire on the Chūō Rapid tracks. The incident stoked ongoing political controversy in Japan regarding theVietnam War.[4] The station was a major site forstudent protests in 1968 and 1969, the height of civil unrest in postwar Japan. On 21 October 1968, 290,000 marchers participated in International Anti-War Day,taking over Shinjuku station and forcing trains to stop. In May and June 1969, members of the antiwar group Beheiren carrying guitars and calling themselves "folk guerrillas" ledweekly singalongs in the underground plaza outside the west exit of the station, attracting crowds of thousands. Participants described it as a "liberated zone" and a "community of encounter."[5] In July, riot police cleared the plaza with tear gas and changed signs in the station to read "West Exit Concourse" instead of "West Exit Plaza."
There have been plans at various points in history to connect Shinjuku to theShinkansen network, and the 1973 Shinkansen Basic Plan, still in force, specifies that the station should be the southern terminus of theJōetsu Shinkansen line toNiigata. While construction of theŌmiya-Shinjuku link never started and the Jōetsu line presently terminates inTokyo Station, the right of way, including an area underneath the station, remains reserved.
On 5 May 1995, theAum Shinrikyodoomsday cult attempted a chemical terrorist attack by setting off a cyanide gas device in a toilet in the underground concourse, barely a month after thegas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 13, left 6,252 people with non-fatal injuries, severely injured 50 people, and caused 984 cases of temporary vision problems. This time the attack was thwarted by staff who extinguished the burning device.
The station facilities on the Marunouchi Line were inherited byTokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.[6]Station numbering was introduced to the Odakyu terminal in 2014 with Shinjuku being assigned station number OH01.[7][8] A major expansion of the JR terminal was completed in April 2016, adding a 32-story office tower, bus terminal, taxi terminal, and numerous shops and restaurants.[9]
Station numbering was introduced to the JR East platforms in 2016 with Shinjuku being assigned station numbers JB10 for the Chūō-Sobu line, JS20 for the Shonan-Shinjuku line, JA11 for the Saikyō line, JC05 for the Chuo line rapid, and JY17 for the Yamanote line. At the same time, JR East assigned the station a 3-letter code to its major transfer stations; Shinjuku was assigned the code "SJK".[10][11]
In 2020, the east–west free passageway was opened, shortening the time required for pedestrians to pass between the east and west exits by 10 minutes.[12] A major redevelopment of the station and the surrounding area began in July 2021 with the aim of improving pedestrian flow and making it easier and faster to cut through the east and west sides of the station. Construction is expected to continue until 2047.[13]
When the Keio Line extended to Shinjuku in 1915, its terminal was located several blocks east of thegovernment railway (presently JR) station. The terminal was first named Shinjuku-Oiwake Station (新宿追分駅) and was on the street near theIsetan department store. In 1927, the station was moved from the street to a newly built terminal adjacent to the original station. The station building housed a department store. The station name was changed to Yotsuya-Shinjuku Station (四谷新宿駅) in 1930 and again to Keiō Shinjuku Station (京王新宿駅) in 1937.
The tracks from the terminal were on theKōshū Kaidō highway, which crosses the Yamanote Line and the Chūō Line in front of the south entrance of Shinjuku Station by a bridge. The Keiō Line had a station for access to Shinjuku Station, named Teishajō-mae Station (停車場前駅) and renamed in 1937 Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station (省線新宿駅前駅).
In July 1945, the terminal of the Keiō Line was relocated to the present location, though on the ground level, on the west side of Shinjuku Station. Keiō Shinjuku Station and Shōsen Shinjuku Ekimae Station were closed. This was because the trains faced difficulty in climbing up the slopes of the bridge over the governmental railway after one of the nearby transformer substations was destroyed by anair raid. The site of Keiō Shinjuku Station nearShinjuku-Sanchōme subway station is now occupied by two buildings owned by Keiō: Keiō Shinjuku Sanchōme Building and Keiō Shinjuku Oiwake Building.
Shinjuku is served by the following railway systems:
JR East:
Keio Corporation:
Odakyu Electric Railway:
Toei Subway:
Tokyo Metro:SJKJY17JC05JB10JS20JA11 Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Shinjuku Station south entrance in October 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location | 3-38-1 Shinjuku,Shinjuku City,Tokyo Japan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operated by | JR East | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lines |
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| Platforms | 8island platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tracks | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Connections |  Bus terminal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure type | At grade | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accessible | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Station code | SJK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opened | 1 March 1885; 140 years ago (1885-03-01) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passengers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FY2015 | 775,386 daily[14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The station is centered around facilities servicing theEast Japan Railway Company (JR East) lines. These consist of eight ground-levelisland platforms (16 tracks) on a north–south axis, connected by two overhead and two underground concourses. Most JR services here are urban and suburban mass transit lines, although many limited express services toKōfu andMatsumoto on theChūō Main Line and toNikkō andKinugawa Onsen via joint operations with the privateTōbu Railway also begin and end at this station, includingNarita Express services to and fromNarita International Airport. The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day.
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 Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 West exit of Odakyu Shinjuku Station | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location | 1-1-3 Nishishinjuku,Shinjuku, Tokyo Japan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System | Odakyu station | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operated by | Odakyu Electric Railway | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Line |  Odakyu Odawara Line | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure type |
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| Accessible | Yes (all levels) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Station code | OH01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opened | 1927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passengers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FY2015 | 492,324 daily | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The terminus for the privateOdakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a major commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city ofOdawara and the mountains ofHakone. The ten platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store; three express service tracks (six platforms) on the ground level and two tracks (four platforms) on the level below. Each track hasplatforms on both sides in order to completely separate boarding and alighting passengers.
Chest-highplatform screen doors were added to platforms 4 and 5 in September 2012.[15]
| 1 | ■ | Not in use |
| 2, 3 | ■ Ltd. Express. "Romancecar" | forOdawara,Hakone-Yumoto,Fujisawa, andGotemba |
| 4, 5 | ■ Rapid Express | forShin-Yurigaoka,Machida,Ebina,Hon-Atsugi,Shin-Matsuda,Odawara,Chūō-Rinkan,Yamato,Shōnandai andFujisawa |
| ■ Express | forNoborito,Shin-Yurigaoka,Machida,Ebina,Hon-Atsugi,Shin-Matsuda,Odawara,Chūō-Rinkan,Yamato,Shōnandai,Fujisawa andKatase-Enoshima | |
| 6 | ■ | (Alighting only) |
| 7 | ■ | (Alighting only) |
| 8, 9 | ■ Local | forShin-Yurigaoka,Sagami-Ono, andHon-Atsugi |
| 10 | ■ | (Alighting only) |
KO01S01 Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 West exit of Keio Shinjuku Station | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Location | 1-1-4Nishi-Shinjuku,Shinjuku City,Tokyo Japan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System | Keio/Toei Subway station | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Lines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platforms | 3bay platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tracks | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Structure type | Underground | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accessible | Yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Station code | KO-01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opened | 1915 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rebuilt | 1978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Passengers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FY2015 | 757,823 daily | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Keio operates two sections of Shinjuku Station, the traditional Keio Line stub terminal and a separate through station connecting the Keio New Line with the Toei Shinjuku Line. In 2019, 788,567 passengers used the Keio complex daily (Keio and Keio New Lines), which makes it among the busiest among the non-JR Group railways of Japan.[16]
TheKeio Line concourse is located to the west of the Odakyu line concourse, two floors below ground level under the Keio department store. It consists of three platforms stretching north to south. An additional thin platform between Platforms 2 and 3 is used for alighting only. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to the city ofHachiōji to the west.[17] Chest-highplatform edge doors were introduced on the Keio Line platforms in March 2014.[18] The doors are different colours for each platform; the doors on Platform 2 are green.[18]
| 1 | KO Keiō Line (Keiō Liner<Weekdays>, Special Express, Express, Semi Express, Rapid, Local) | forMeidaimae,Chōfu,Keiō Tama-Center, andKeiō-Hachiōji KOKeiō Sagamihara Line forHashimoto (viaChōfu) KOKeiō Takao Line forTakaosanguchi (viaKitano) |
| 2 | KO Keiō Line (Keiō Liner<Weekends / Holidays>, Mt.Takao, Special Express, Express, Semi Express, Rapid, Local) | (Same as Platform 1) |
| - | ■ | (Alighting only) |
| 3 | KO Keiō Line (Special Express, Express, Semi Express, Rapid) | (Same as Platform 1) |
The shared facilities for theToei Shinjuku subway line and the Keiō New Line are distinctively calledKeiō New Line Shinjuku Station (新線新宿駅,Shinsen Shinjuku-eki) and consist of two platforms stretching east–west five floors beneath the Kōshū Kaidō avenue to the southwest of the JR section. The concourse is managed byKeio Corporation but is in a separate location from the main Keio platforms. Further south (and deeper underground) are the two north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms.
| 4 | KO Keio New Line | forHatsudai,Hatagaya,Sasazuka,Meidaimae,Chōfu andHashimoto |
| 5 | S Toei Shinjuku Line | forIchigaya,Kudanshita,Jimbocho,Ōjima, andMotoyawata |
E27 Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | |||||||||||
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 Oedo Line platform | |||||||||||
| General information | |||||||||||
| Location | 2-1-1 Yoyogi,Shibuya,Tokyo Japan | ||||||||||
| System | Toei Subway station | ||||||||||
| Operated by | Toei Subway | ||||||||||
| Line | |||||||||||
| Platforms | 1island platform | ||||||||||
| Tracks | 2 | ||||||||||
| Connections | Shinjuku Expressway Bus Terminal | ||||||||||
| Construction | |||||||||||
| Structure type | Underground | ||||||||||
| Accessible | Yes | ||||||||||
| Other information | |||||||||||
| Station code | E-27 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| Opened | 19 December 1997; 28 years ago (1997-12-19) | ||||||||||
| Services | |||||||||||
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Toei Ōedo Line's two underground platforms stretch north–south to the south of theToei Shinjuku Line andKeio New Line facilities. This is on the 7th basement floor of Tokyo prefectural road 414(Yotsuya-Tsunohazu Ave.).
| 6 | E Ōedo Line | forRoppongi andDaimon |
| 7 | E Ōedo Line | forTochōmae andHikarigaoka |
M08 Shinjuku Station 新宿駅 | |||||||||||
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 Marunouchi Line platform | |||||||||||
| General information | |||||||||||
| Location | 1st Nishiguchi Chikagai,1 Nishishinjuku,Shinjuku,Tokyo Japan | ||||||||||
| System | Tokyo Metro station | ||||||||||
| Operated by | Tokyo Metro | ||||||||||
| Line | |||||||||||
| Platforms | 1island platform | ||||||||||
| Tracks | 2 | ||||||||||
| Construction | |||||||||||
| Structure type | Underground | ||||||||||
| Accessible | Yes | ||||||||||
| Other information | |||||||||||
| Station code | M-08 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
| Opened | 15 March 1959; 66 years ago (1959-03-15) | ||||||||||
| Services | |||||||||||
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Tokyo Metro's twoMarunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east–west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall.
| 1 | M Marunouchi Line | forNakano-sakaue,Ogikubo, andHōnanchō |
| 2 | M Marunouchi Line | forAkasaka-mitsuke,Ginza,Ōtemachi, andIkebukuro |
Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station, some operated by the railroads. These include:
In addition to the above, the Metro Promenade, which is an underground mall owned by Tokyo Metro, extends eastwards from the station beneath Shinjuku-dori avenue, all the way to the adjacent Shinjuku-sanchōme station with 60 exits along the way. The Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads ontoSeibu Railway's Seibu-Shinjuku station.
Shinjuku Station is connected by underground passageways and shopping malls to
Nearby non-connected stations (within 500 meters of an underground passageway or station) include
There is a bus terminal at the west exit servicing both local and long-distance buses and a JR Highway Bus terminal at the New South Gates.
On April 4, 2016, the new bus terminal and commercial facilities nearby the south exit, namedBusta Shinjuku [ja] (Shinjuku Expressway Bus Terminal), opened for service.[19] Considerable numbers of coaches and airport buses depart from this new terminal.
The figures below are the official number of passengers entering and exiting (except for JR East) each day released by each train operator. The figure for JR East only includes entering passengers.
| Operator | Number | Fiscal year | Source | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JR East | 751,018 (boarding only) | 2013 | [20] | Boarding passengers only. The busiest station in Japan. | |
| Odakyu | 494,184 | 2013 | [21] | The busiest Odakyu station | |
| Keio | 730,849 | 2013 | [22] | The busiest Keio station, the sum of the ridership of theKeiō New Line andKeiō Line. | |
| Tokyo Metro | 227,366 | 2013 | [23] | The 6th busiest Tokyo Metro station | |
| Toei | Shinjuku Line | 266,869 | 2013 | 134,185 entries and 132,684 exits[24] | The busiest Toei subway station |
| Oedo Line | 133,075 | 2013 | 64,701 entries and 68,374 exits[24] | ||
Average number of passengers per day by fiscal year for the JR East station (1913–1935)
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
|---|---|
| 1913 | 5,052[25] |
| 1915 | 4,684 |
| 1920 | 14,358 |
| 1925 | 40,061 |
| 1930 | 71,555 |
| 1935 | 66,230 |
Average number of passengers per day by fiscal year for the JR East station (1953–2000)
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
|---|---|
| 1953 | 133,435 |
| 1955 | 153,313 |
| 1960 | 305,236[25] |
| 1965 | 389,700 |
| 1970 | 472,841 |
| 1971 | 614,419[25] |
| 1975 | 652,642 |
| 1980 | 625,707 |
| 1984 | 648,659[25] |
| 1990 | 709,490 |
| 1991 | 741,421 |
| 1992 | 735,192 |
| 1993 | 741,342 |
| 1994 | 740,063 |
| 1995 | 743,710 |
| 1996 | 767,800 |
| 1997 | 765,518 |
| 1998 | 756,551 |
| 1999 | 756,772 |
| 2000 | 753,791[26] |
Average number of passengers per day by fiscal year for the JR East station (2001–present)
| Fiscal year | Daily average |
|---|---|
| 2001 | 745,153[27] |
| 2002 | 748,515[28] |
| 2003 | 746,293[29] |
| 2004 | 742,183[30] |
| 2005 | 747,930[31] |
| 2006 | 757,013[32] |
| 2007 | 785,801[33] |
| 2008 | 766,020[34] |
| 2009 | 748,522[35] |
| 2010 | 736,715[36] |
| 2011 | 734,154[37] |
| 2012 | 742,833[38] |
| 2013 | 751,018[20] |
| 2014 | 748,157[39] |
| 2015 | 760,043[40] |
| 2016 | 769,307[41] |
| 2017 | 778,618[42] |
| 2018 | 789,366[43] |
| 2019 | 775,386[44] |
| 2020 | 477,073[45] |
| 2021 | 522,178[46] |
The station and other parts of theToei Ōedo Line are referenced in theDigimon Adventure franchise.[47][48] Contemporary British painterCarl Randall (who spent ten years living in Tokyo as an artist) depicted the station area in his large oil paintingShinjuku, exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery in London in 2013.[49][50][51][52]
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35°41′22″N139°42′02″E / 35.68944°N 139.70056°E /35.68944; 139.70056
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