Shihezi 石河子市 (Chinese) | |
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 Shihezi | |
 Location in Xinjiang | |
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  Shihezi Location in Xinjiang Show map of Dzungaria Shihezi Shihezi (Xinjiang) Show map of Xinjiang Shihezi Shihezi (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:44°18′19″N86°04′49″E / 44.3054°N 86.0804°E /44.3054; 86.0804 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Municipal seat | Hongshan Subdistrict |
| Government | |
| • CCP Secretary | E Hongda(Political Commissar of the8th Division) |
| • Mayor | Ge Zhihui(Commander of the 8th Division) |
| Area | |
• Total | 460 km2 (180 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 498,587 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 832000 |
| Area code | 0993 |
| Website | www |
| Shihezi | |||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 石河子 | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Stony river banks | ||||||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | شىخەنزە | ||||||||||
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Shihezi (Chinese:石河子) is asub-prefecture-level city in NorthernXinjiang, China. It has a population of 380,130 according to the 2010 census. The city is also home toShihezi University, the second-largest comprehensive university under theProject 211 in Xinjiang.
Shihezi is the headquarter of the8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and currently administered by the 8th Division. The city implemented the "division and city integration" (师市合一,shī shì héyī) management system, it shares the same leader group with the 8th Division.
In 1951, GeneralWang Zhen decided to build a new base for thePeople's Liberation Army and selected the location of current Shihezi. Zhao Xiguang (赵锡光) took charge in the development of the city, and established theXinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 1954.
Quasimilitary-structured farms surrounding Shihezi fueled the development of the city by producing materials for the factories that have been the economic drivers of the city. In 1974, Shihezi became a city.
Shihezi contains 5subdistricts, 2towns, and a township-equivalent region:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | ||||||
| Xincheng Subdistrict | 新城街道 | Xīnchéng Jiēdào | يېڭىشەھەر كوچا باشقارمىسى | Yëngisheher kocha bashqarmisi | 659001001 | |
| Xiangyang Subdistrict | 向阳街道 | Xiàngyáng Jiēdào | شياڭياڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى | Shyangyang kocha bashqarmisi | 659001002 | |
| Hongshan Subdistrict | 红山街道 | Hóngshān Jiēdào | خۇڭشەن كوچا باشقارمىسى | Xungshen kocha bashqarmisi | 659001003 | |
| Laojie Subdistrict | 老街街道 | Lǎojiē Jiēdào | كونا بازار كوچا باشقارمىسى | Kona Bazar kocha bashqarmisi | 659001004 | |
| Dongcheng Subdistrict | 东城街道 | Dōngchéng Jiēdào | دۇڭچېڭ كوچا باشقارمىسى | Dungchëng kocha bashqarmisi | 659001005 | |
| Towns | ||||||
| Beiquan Town (Shihezi Headquarters Farm of the 8th Division)* | 北泉镇 (第八师石河子总场) | Běiquán Zhèn | بېيچۇەن بازىرى | Bëychuen baziri | 659001100 | |
| Shihezi Town | 石河子镇 | Shíhézǐ Zhèn | شىخەنزە بازىرى | Shixenze baziri | 659001101 | |
| township-equivalent region | ||||||
| 152nd Regiment Farm** | 一五二团 | 152 Tuán | 152-تۇەن | 152-tuen | 659001500 | |
*One institution with two names. ** Administered by the152nd Regiment ofXinjiang Production and Construction Corps. See alsoTuntian#People's Republic of China. | ||||||
| Ethnicity | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| Han | 349,149 | 91.85% |
| Hui | 15,092 | 3.97% |
| Uyghur | 7,574 | 1.99% |
| Kazakhs | 3,042 | 0.80% |
| Tujia | 1,500 | 0.39% |
| Mongol | 624 | 0.16% |
| Manchu | 620 | 0.16% |
| Kyrgyz | 319 | 0.08% |
| Dongxiang | 306 | 0.08% |
| Xibe | 157 | 0.04% |
| Russian | 138 | 0.04% |
| Others | 1,609 | 0.43% |
| Total | 380,130 | 100% |
Nowadays textile and food industries are the most important in Shihezi. The railway toWusu andÜrümqi skirts the city, while a United Nations economic development project provided a high-quality highway system for the city. The textile industry is the primary employer, although the international trade environment on textiles has brought in fluctuations in employment. As a hub to surrounding farms, the city's destiny is currently tied with theirs.Sugar beets are cultivated near Shihezi. Cultivation ofcotton in the farms was accelerated in the 1990s and now dominates the economy.[3]
Shihezi is also home to apolysilicon factory ofDaqo New Energy Corp., one of the largest polysilicon producers in the world.[4]
Shihezi is located at the northern foothills of the middle part of theTian Shan range approximately 136 kilometres (85 mi) from the regional capital ofÜrümqi.
Although Shihezi is almost surrounded on the east, west and north by theChangji Hui Autonomous Prefecture (which also includes the city's eastern neighbor, the much older historically Hui town ofManas), it is not a part of it.
Located in an area further from the nearest seacoast than any other region on earth, Shihezi has acontinentalsemi-arid climate (KöppenBSk), with a large temperature differences between summer and winter. Monthly average temperatures range from −15.3 °C (4.5 °F) in January to 25.3 °C (77.5 °F), and the annual mean temperature is 7.39 °C (45.3 °F). Precipitation is very low year-round, with an annual total of only 206 millimeters (8.11 in), compared to the annual evaporation rate, which is usually more than 1,000 millimeters (39 in).[5]
| Climate data for Shihezi, elevation 443 m (1,453 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) | 6.6 (43.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 35.4 (95.7) | 37.4 (99.3) | 39.2 (102.6) | 42.2 (108.0) | 41.0 (105.8) | 39.4 (102.9) | 33.3 (91.9) | 17.5 (63.5) | 8.3 (46.9) | 42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −11.0 (12.2) | −5.8 (21.6) | 6.5 (43.7) | 20.7 (69.3) | 27.0 (80.6) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.0 (91.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 25.9 (78.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 4.0 (39.2) | −7.3 (18.9) | 14.4 (58.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −15.6 (3.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | 1.5 (34.7) | 13.5 (56.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.7 (78.3) | 23.7 (74.7) | 17.7 (63.9) | 9.1 (48.4) | −0.5 (31.1) | −11.3 (11.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) | −15.3 (4.5) | −3.3 (26.1) | 6.7 (44.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.3 (63.1) | 18.5 (65.3) | 16.3 (61.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | −4.3 (24.3) | −15.0 (5.0) | 2.2 (35.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −36.5 (−33.7) | −30.5 (−22.9) | −19.4 (−2.9) | −0.2 (31.6) | 6.6 (43.9) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.5 (38.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | −8.9 (16.0) | −28.9 (−20.0) | −36.0 (−32.8) | −36.5 (−33.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 10.1 (0.40) | 11.0 (0.43) | 12.9 (0.51) | 29.0 (1.14) | 31.6 (1.24) | 22.1 (0.87) | 22.7 (0.89) | 21.3 (0.84) | 13.3 (0.52) | 18.4 (0.72) | 19.6 (0.77) | 14.2 (0.56) | 226.2 (8.89) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.4 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 9.7 | 82.4 |
| Average snowy days | 14.3 | 10.7 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 6.2 | 13.4 | 50.6 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 82 | 81 | 71 | 49 | 44 | 46 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 63 | 77 | 84 | 63 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 93.4 | 125.4 | 211.0 | 270.4 | 320.0 | 318.1 | 328.6 | 317.6 | 281.8 | 237.6 | 131.2 | 79.2 | 2,714.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 32 | 42 | 56 | 66 | 69 | 69 | 71 | 75 | 77 | 71 | 46 | 29 | 59 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[5] | |||||||||||||
TheManas River forms the administrative border between Shihezi City and its eastern neighbor,Manas County. An extensive system of reservoirs (such as the Jiahezi Reservoir (夹河子水库;Jiāhézi shuǐkù, with the dam at44°27′00″N86°7′15″E / 44.45000°N 86.12083°E /44.45000; 86.12083) and irrigation canals has been constructed in the area, supporting irrigated agriculture.
Shihezi University is located in Shihezi. It is the second-largest university in Xinjiang, with approximately 40,000 students.
Shihezi is served byChina National Highway 312, theNorthern Xinjiang and theSecond Ürümqi-Jinghe Railways. Reconstruction of theShihezi Huayuan Airport began in May 2012 and it reopened on 26 December 2015.[8]
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