Sherman, Texas | |
|---|---|
 Paul Brown United States Courthouse in Sherman | |
| Motto: "Classic Town. Broad Horizon." | |
 Location of Sherman, Texas | |
| Coordinates:33°37′38″N96°37′20″W / 33.62722°N 96.62222°W /33.62722; -96.62222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Grayson |
| Founded | 1846 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-Manager |
| Area | |
• City | 46.22 sq mi (119.72 km2) |
| • Land | 46.15 sq mi (119.52 km2) |
| • Water | 0.077 sq mi (0.20 km2) |
| • Urban | 38.5 sq mi (99.7 km2) |
| • Metro | 979 sq mi (2,536 km2) |
| Elevation | 686 ft (209 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• City | 43,645 |
| • Density | 945.8/sq mi (365.18/km2) |
| • Urban | 66,691[2] (US:418th) |
| • Urban density | 1,732.5/sq mi (668.9/km2) |
| • Metro | 135,543 |
| • Metro density | 140/sq mi (54/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 75090-75092 |
| Area codes | 903, 430 |
| FIPS code | 48-67496[4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2411888[3] |
| Website | www |
Sherman is a city in and thecounty seat ofGrayson County, Texas, United States.[5] The city's population in 2020 was 43,645.[6] It is one of the two principal cities in theSherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area, and is the largest city in theTexoma region of North Texas and southern Oklahoma.
Sherman was named after GeneralSidney Sherman (July 23, 1805 – August 1, 1873), a hero of theTexas Revolution. The community was designated as the county seat by the act of the Texas Legislature, which created Grayson County on March 17, 1846. In 1847, a post office began operation. Sherman was originally located at the center of the county, but in 1848, it was moved about 3 miles (5 km) east to its current location. By 1850, Sherman had become an incorporated town under Texas law. It had also become a stop on theButterfield Overland Mail route through Texas. By 1852, Sherman had a population of 300 and consisted of a public square with a log court house, several businesses, a district clerk's office, and a church along the east side of the square. In 1861, the first flour mill was built.
During the 1850s and 1860s, Sherman continued to develop and to participate in regional politics. Because many residents of North Texas had migrated from theUpper South and only a low percentage were slaveholders, considerableUnionist sentiment existed in the region. E. Junius Foster, the publisher of Sherman's antisecessionistWhig newspaper, thePatriot, circulated a petition to establish North Texas as an independent free state. Following Confederate passage of a conscription law, resistance arose to conscription in North Texas, especially as owners of many slaves were exempt.
Late in the Civil War, pro-Confederate guerrillas led byWilliam Quantrill spent the winter of 1863-1864 in North Texas, with a camp in Sherman and two others in nearby Kentuckytown to the south and Fink to the north. Former guerrilla Jesse James also came to Sherman for his honeymoon. He was photographed seated on his horse in Sherman.
During the 1860s, secondary education developed in North Texas. The Sherman Male and Female High School began accepting students in 1866, under the patronage of the North Texas Methodist Conference. It became one of three private schools operating in Sherman. The school operated under several names, including the North Texas Female College and Conservatory of Music from 1892 to 1919 and Kidd-Key College and Conservatory, from 1919 to 1935.[7] It gradually lostMethodist support, following the opening ofSouthern Methodist University in Dallas in 1915. In 1876,Austin College, the oldest continuously operating college in Texas, was relocated to Sherman fromHuntsville. The Sherman Female Institute, later calledMary Nash College,[8] opened in 1877 under sponsorship of theBaptist Church. It continued to operate until 1901, when the campus was sold to Kidd-Key College.Carr–Burdette College, awomen's college affiliated with theDisciples of Christ, operated from 1894 to 1929. Sherman also has a long history within theJewish community. By 1873, Jews in the region regularly met for theHigh Holidays.[9]
While general depression and lawlessness occurred during theReconstruction, Sherman remained commercially active. During the 1870s, Sherman's population reached 6,000. In 1875, after two fires destroyed many buildings east of the town square, a number of civic buildings were rebuilt using more permanent materials. This included a new Grayson County Courthouse built in 1876. In 1879, the Old Settlers' Association of North Texas formed and met near Sherman. The organization incorporated in 1898 and purchased Old Settlers' Park in 1909.
On May 15, 1896, atornado measuring F5 on theFujita scale struck Sherman. The tornado had a damage path 400 yards (370 m) wide and 28 miles (45 km) long, killing 73 people and injuring 200. About 50 homes were destroyed, with 20 of them obliterated.
In 1901, the first electric "Interurban" railway in Texas, the Denison and Sherman Railway, was completed between Sherman andDenison.[10] TheTexas Traction Company completed a 65-mile (105 km) interurban between Sherman andDallas in 1908, and in 1911 purchased the Denison and Sherman Railway. Through the connections in Dallas and Denison, travel to the Texas destinations ofTerrell,Corsicana,Waco,Fort Worth,Cleburne, andDenton, became possible, as well as toDurant, Oklahoma, by interurban railways. One popular destination on the Interurban between Sherman and Denison was Wood Lake Park, a privateamusement park at the time. By 1948, all interurban rail service in Texas had been discontinued.
During the Sherman Riot of May 9, 1930,[11] the Grayson County Courthouse was burned down by local citizens in an attempt to lynch George Hughes, an African American suspected of assaulting a white woman.[12] During the riot, Hughes was locked in the vault at the courthouse and apparently died in the fire.[13] Rescue work was hindered by saboteurs cutting the fire hoses. After rioters retrieved Hughes' body from the vault, it was dragged behind a car, hanged, and set afire. The black business section of Sherman was also burned down, and many African Americans fled. Texas RangerFrank Hamer was in Sherman during this riot, and reported the situation to Texas GovernorDan Moody.[14] Governor Moody sentNational Guard troops to Sherman on May 9 and martial law was declared in Sherman for ten days.[12] Fourteen men were later indicted, not for lynching, but for arson and rioting. In the end, only J.B. "Screw" McCasland was convicted and sentenced to prison for arson[15] and for rioting.[16][11]
Sherman is located slightly east of the center of Grayson County, between Denison to the north andHowe to the south. The city has a total area of 41.5 square miles (107.4 km2), of which 41.4 square miles (107.2 km2) are land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km2), or 0.20%, is covered by water.[6]
Sherman is 70 miles (110 km) north of Dallas[17] and 31 miles (50 km) southwest of Durant, Oklahoma.Gainesville is 32 miles (51 km) to the west, andBonham is 26 miles (42 km) to the east.
Sherman is part of thehumid subtropical climate area.
| Climate data for Sherman, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 86 (30) | 91 (33) | 95 (35) | 97 (36) | 107 (42) | 110 (43) | 109 (43) | 113 (45) | 107 (42) | 100 (38) | 89 (32) | 88 (31) | 113 (45) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52.6 (11.4) | 57.1 (13.9) | 65.2 (18.4) | 72.6 (22.6) | 80.0 (26.7) | 88.1 (31.2) | 92.5 (33.6) | 92.7 (33.7) | 85.4 (29.7) | 75.3 (24.1) | 63.3 (17.4) | 54.2 (12.3) | 73.2 (22.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 43.2 (6.2) | 47.1 (8.4) | 55.1 (12.8) | 62.7 (17.1) | 70.8 (21.6) | 78.9 (26.1) | 83.0 (28.3) | 82.8 (28.2) | 75.8 (24.3) | 65.2 (18.4) | 53.7 (12.1) | 45.1 (7.3) | 63.6 (17.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.9 (1.1) | 37.2 (2.9) | 45.0 (7.2) | 52.8 (11.6) | 61.6 (16.4) | 69.8 (21.0) | 73.5 (23.1) | 73.0 (22.8) | 66.1 (18.9) | 55.1 (12.8) | 44.1 (6.7) | 36.1 (2.3) | 54.0 (12.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −2 (−19) | −3 (−19) | 7 (−14) | 28 (−2) | 35 (2) | 49 (9) | 53 (12) | 52 (11) | 36 (2) | 22 (−6) | 13 (−11) | −2 (−19) | −3 (−19) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 2.52 (64) | 2.76 (70) | 3.96 (101) | 3.87 (98) | 5.54 (141) | 4.54 (115) | 2.90 (74) | 2.88 (73) | 3.43 (87) | 4.77 (121) | 3.50 (89) | 3.62 (92) | 44.29 (1,125) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 6.9 | 8.8 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 78.6 |
| Source:NOAA[18][19] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 35 | — | |
| 1860 | 613 | 1,651.4% | |
| 1870 | 1,439 | 134.7% | |
| 1880 | 6,093 | 323.4% | |
| 1890 | 7,335 | 20.4% | |
| 1900 | 10,243 | 39.6% | |
| 1910 | 12,412 | 21.2% | |
| 1920 | 15,031 | 21.1% | |
| 1930 | 15,713 | 4.5% | |
| 1940 | 17,156 | 9.2% | |
| 1950 | 20,150 | 17.5% | |
| 1960 | 24,988 | 24.0% | |
| 1970 | 29,061 | 16.3% | |
| 1980 | 30,413 | 4.7% | |
| 1990 | 31,601 | 3.9% | |
| 2000 | 35,082 | 11.0% | |
| 2010 | 38,521 | 9.8% | |
| 2020 | 43,645 | 13.3% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 50,229 | 15.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[20] | |||
As of the2020 census, there were 43,645 people, 15,687 households, and 10,097 families residing in the city. The median age was 35.8 years, with 24.1% of residents under the age of 18 and 16.2% aged 65 years or older. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89.8 males.[21]
96.7% of residents lived in urban areas, while 3.3% lived in rural areas.[22]
DP1 data enumerated 16,679 households in Sherman, of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 42.6% were married-couple households, 19.0% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 31.3% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[21]
There were 18,084 housing units, of which 7.8% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.4%.[21]
| Race | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| White | 26,333 | 60.3% |
| Black or African American | 4,598 | 10.5% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 758 | 1.7% |
| Asian | 1,402 | 3.2% |
| Native Hawaiian andOther Pacific Islander | 30 | 0.1% |
| Some other race | 5,382 | 12.3% |
| Two or more races | 5,142 | 11.8% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 10,579 | 24.2% |
In 2022,Texas Instruments broke ground to build an Integrated Circuit fab campus in Sherman.[24] Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, Texas Instruments will begin operations at a new $30 billion, 3,000-job, 300-millimetersemiconductorwafer fabrication plant near Sherman's southern city limits. Around that same time,GlobalWafers will open a $5 billion, 1,500-job wafer factory nearby.
Sherman operates under acouncil-manager form of local government, and is ahome rule city under Texas state law. As of 2025, the city was led by City Manager Dr. Zachary Flores and Mayor Shawn Teamann.[25]
TheTexas Department of Criminal Justice operates the Sherman District Parole Office in Sherman.[26]
Most children in Sherman are zoned to theSherman Independent School District, which includesSherman High School. Some parts are inDenison Independent School District orHowe Independent School District.
A small percentage of children attend one of the three private schools in Sherman: Grayson Christian School, St. Mary's Catholic School, or Texoma Christian School.
Austin College, a private,Presbyterian, liberal arts college, relocated to Sherman in 1876. Founded in 1849, it is the oldest college or university in Texas operating under its original charter.Grayson College, acommunity college based in neighboring Denison, operates a branch campus in Sherman.
The Sherman Public Library serves the city of Sherman and all citizens. The library underwent a $2 million, floor-to-ceiling renovation in 2017, reopening to the public in August 2018.
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U.S. Highway 75Oklahoma to Dallas
U.S. Highway 82 east-west:Georgia toNew Mexico
SH 56 east-west:Honey Grove to Whitesboro
SH 91 north-south:Achille, Oklahoma to Sherman
SH 11 east-west:Linden to Sherman
FM 1417 north-south: Denison to Sherman
FM 691 east-west: Sherman toNorth Texas Regional Airport
FM 131 north-south: Denison to Sherman
FM 697 east-west:Whitewright to ShermanSherman is served by twoU.S. Highways:US 75 (Sam Rayburn Freeway) andUS 82. (The latter is locally designated as theBuck Owens Freeway after the famous musician who was born in Sherman.) It is also served by threeTexas State Highways, which extend beyond Grayson County:State Highway 11,State Highway 56, andState Highway 91 (Texoma Parkway), one of the main commercial strips that connects Sherman and Denison, and also extends toLake Texoma.
General aviation service is provided bySherman Municipal Airport andNorth Texas Regional Airport/Perrin Field in Denison.
TAPS Public Transit is the sole transit provider for Sherman, with curb-to-curb paratransit for all residents.[28]
The city of Sherman is served locally byWilson N. Jones Regional Medical Center,Texoma Medical Center, and aBaylor Scott & White surgery center.
In 2023, organizers announced Sherman as the home of two new minor league sports franchises. A semi-professional baseball team called the Sherman Shadowcats began play in the Mid-American League during late spring of 2024.[29] AUSL League One soccer club,Texoma FC, began play in the city during 2025.[30]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)OCLC 54906271 (all editions) (online),259977569,1048555490,3095662,560142789.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)ISBN 978-1-6817-9017-6,1-6817-9017-3;OCLC 922702180 (all editions).
Municipalities and communities ofGrayson County, Texas,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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