| Shaxian dialect | |
|---|---|
| 沙縣事 | |
| Pronunciation | [sa˦˦sɪ̃˦˦sai˨˦] |
| Native to | SouthernChina |
| Region | Sha County,Sanming,Fujian |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-hba |
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Shaxian dialect (Central Min: 沙縣事,Mandarin Chinese: 沙縣話) is a dialect ofCentral MinChinese spoken inSha County,Sanming in WesternFujian Province ofChina.
Shaxian dialect has 17 initials, 36 rimes and 6 tones.
Notes:
| ɯ /ɤ 資 / 子 | i /e 西 / 死 |
| u /o 故 / 古 | y /ø 居 / 舉 |
| iu /io 抽 / 丑 | ui /ue 追 / 嘴 |
| yɯ /yɤ 威 / 偉 | o /ɔ 波 / 保 |
| io /iɔ 腰 / 約 | e /ɛ 排/八 |
| ye /yɛ 吹 / 血 | a 家 |
| ia 遮 | ua 瓜 |
| ya 蟻 | ai 猜 |
| uai 乖 | au 交 |
| iau 曉 | ŋ̍ 光 |
| aŋ 講 | uaŋ 望 |
| ɛiŋ 心 | iɛiŋ 英 |
| yɛiŋ 永 | ɔuŋ 風 |
| œyŋ 鍾 | iŋ 廠 |
| ĩ /ẽ 仙 / 險 | uĩ /uẽ 翻/粉 |
| yĩ /yẽ 根 / 卷 | ɔ̃ 爭 |
| iɔ̃ 驚 | ɔ̃i 燈 |
Some rimes come in pairs in the above table, and they are closely related with the tones: the one to the left only exist in dark level (陰平), light level (陽平), light rising (陽上) and departing (去聲); while the other only exist in dark rising (陰上) and entering (入聲). It can be compared withclose and open rimes ofFuzhou dialect,Eastern Min.
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | dark rising 陰上 | light rising 陽上 | departing 去聲 | entering 入聲 |
| Tone contour | ˧ 33 | ˧˩ 31 | ˨˩˨ 21 | ˥˧ 53 | ˨˦ 24 | ˨˩˨ 212 |
| Example Hanzi | 詩 | 南 | 始 | 是 | 四 | 失 |
The entering tones in Sanming dialect don't have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as/-ʔ/,/-p̚/,/-t̚/ and/-k̚/. It's quite different from many other Chinese dialects.
Shaxian dialect has extremely extensivetone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
| dark level 33 | light level 31 | dark rising 21 | light rising 53 | departing 24 | entering 212 | |
| dark level 33 | 44 | |||||
| light level 31 | 33 | |||||
| dark rising 21 | 55 | |||||
| light rising 53 | dark rising (21) | |||||
| departing 24 | dark rising (21) | 44 | dark rising (21) | |||
| entering 212 | 4 | |||||
Some rimes may change their pronunciation because they are closely related with the tones (see above).
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